android AIDL基础 _Android

眼前多少难甘事，自古男儿当自强。这篇文章主要讲述android AIDL基础相关的知识，希望能为你提供帮助。
android的每一个应用都是运行在单独的一个进程里。进程间的通信主要有以下四种：
1> Activity：可以结合Intent使用，启动其他进程的活动；
2> 广播：广播为跨进程间的通信；
3> ContentProvide：内容提供者，以Cursor对象访问其他进程数据或者为其他进程提供数据；
3> Service:主要通过AIDl实现进程间通信；

AIDL全程为安卓接口定义语言。
【android AIDL基础】具体参考： http://blog.csdn.net/luoyanglizi/article/details/51980630
下面通过在Androidstudio上实现Client向服务端提交数据的实例对AIDL进行学习。
Client：
1> 我们都知道，每一个进程都有自己的独立内存。如果需要在进程间传递对象，则需将对象序列化。
#java语言
创建类，直接实现Serializable接口
#Android独有，实现Parcelable接口
创建Persion类，实现Parcelable接口

package com.example.aidltest; import android.os.Parcel; import android.os.Parcelable; /** * Created by 阿正 on 2017/4/10 0010. */public class Persion implements Parcelable { public String name; public int age; public Persion() { }protected Persion(Parcel in) { name = in.readString(); age = in.readInt(); }public Persion(String name, int age) { this.name = name; this.age = age; }public static final Creator< Persion> CREATOR = new Creator< Persion> () { @Override public Persion createFromParcel(Parcel in) { return new Persion(in); }@Override public Persion[] newArray(int size) { return new Persion[size]; } }; @Override public int describeContents() { return 0; }@Override public void writeToParcel(Parcel dest, int flags) { dest.writeString(name); dest.writeInt(age); }public String getName() { return name; }public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; }public int getAge() { return age; }public void setAge(int age) { this.age = age; }@Override public String toString() { return "Persion{" + "name=‘" + name + ‘\\‘‘ + ", age=" + age + ‘}‘; } }

2> 创建AIDL
对应文件位置：

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Persion.aidl

// Persion.aidl package com.example.aidltest; // Declare any non-default types here with import statements parcelable Persion;

PersionManager.aidl

// IPersionManager.aidl package com.example.aidltest; // Declare any non-default types here with import statements // 这里引入的是Persion.aidl import com.example.aidltest.Persion; interface IPersionManager { // 定义方法，所有的返回值前不需要修饰关键字；如果非默认类型，需要在参数前添加 in/out/inout // in 客户端向服务端提供数据；out 客户端向服务端获取数据 List< Persion> getPersion(); void addPersion(in Persion ipersion); }

到这里，创建结构类并序列化，创建AIDL已经完成。需要注意的是在创建Persion.aidl的时候，名字尽量和Persion.java一致。比如我之前创建IPersion.aidl时，clean项目的时候就报错。
客户端：客户端主要实现启动/停止service

package com.example.aidltest; import android.content.ComponentName; import android.content.Context; import android.content.Intent; import android.content.ServiceConnection; import android.os.IBinder; import android.os.RemoteException; import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity; import android.os.Bundle; import android.util.Log; import android.view.View; import android.widget.Button; import android.widget.EditText; import java.util.List; public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener{ private Button mAdd; private Button mConnect; private EditText mTextName; private EditText mTextAge; //是否连接服务端 private boolean isconnect = false; private IPersionManager mPersionManager; private List< Persion> mPersions; public MainActivity() { }@Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); mTextName = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.text_name) ; mTextAge = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.text_age); mAdd = (Button) findViewById(R.id.add); mConnect = (Button)findViewById(R.id.connect); mAdd.setOnClickListener(this); mConnect.setOnClickListener(this); }@Override public void onClick(View v) { switch (v.getId()){ case R.id.add: // 调用服务端实现的方法，对数据进行改动 addBook(); break; case R.id.connect: // 启动service并绑定 Intent intent = new Intent(); intent.setAction("azheng"); intent.setPackage("com.example.aidltestservice"); bindService(intent,serviceConnection, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE); break; } }private void addBook(){ if (!isconnect){ Log.d("azheng" ,"clent: Not connected,please connect to service first!"); return; } if (mPersionManager == null){return; } Persion persion = new Persion(); String name = mTextName.getText().toString(); persion.setName(name); int age = Integer.parseInt(mTextAge.getText().toString()); persion.setAge(age); try { mPersionManager.addPersion(persion); } catch (RemoteException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } }// 创建ServiceConnection，与服务端连接 private ServiceConnection serviceConnection = new ServiceConnection() { @Override public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) { Log.d("azheng" ,"clent: connected"); // 获得服务端的IPersionManager mPersionManager = IPersionManager.Stub.asInterface(service); isconnect = true; try { Log.d("azheng" ,"clent: before add:" + mPersionManager.getPersion().toString()); } catch (RemoteException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } }@Override public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) { Log.d("azheng" ,"clent: connected"); isconnect = false; } }; @Override protected void onStop() { super.onStop(); if (isconnect){ unbindService(serviceConnection); } } }

服务端：
服务端的Persion.java Persion.aidl IPersionManager.aidl三个文件的包名，内容需要与client一致。因此最好的办法是直接从client复制过来。

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Persion.java

// 这里的包名需要与服务端一致 package com.example.aidltest; import android.os.Parcel; import android.os.Parcelable; /** * Created by 阿正 on 2017/4/10 0010. */public class Persion implements Parcelable { public String name; public int age; public Persion() { }protected Persion(Parcel in) { name = in.readString(); age = in.readInt(); }public Persion(String name, int age) { this.name = name; this.age = age; }public static final Creator< Persion> CREATOR = new Creator< Persion> () { @Override public Persion createFromParcel(Parcel in) { return new Persion(in); }@Override public Persion[] newArray(int size) { return new Persion[size]; } }; @Override public int describeContents() { return 0; }@Override public void writeToParcel(Parcel dest, int flags) { dest.writeString(name); dest.writeInt(age); }public String getName() { return name; }public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; }public int getAge() { return age; }public void setAge(int age) { this.age = age; }@Override public String toString() { return "Persion{" + "name=‘" + name + ‘\\‘‘ + ", age=" + age + ‘}‘; } }

具体的服务类AIDLService

package com.example.aidltestservice; import android.app.Service; import android.content.Intent; import android.os.IBinder; import android.os.RemoteException; import android.support.annotation.Nullable; import android.util.Log; import com.example.aidltest.IPersionManager; import com.example.aidltest.Persion; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; /** * Created by 阿正 on 2017/4/10 0010. */public class AIDLService extends Service { private List< Persion> mPersions = new ArrayList< > (); @Nullable @Override public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) { return persionManager; }// 实现IPersionManager。aidl private final IPersionManager.Stub persionManager = new IPersionManager.Stub(){@Override public List< Persion> getPersion() throws RemoteException { synchronized (this){ if (mPersions != null){ return mPersions; } } return null; }@Override public void addPersion(Persion ipersion) throws RemoteException { synchronized (this){ if (ipersion == null){ Log.d("azheng","service: persion from clent is null!"); }else { mPersions.add(ipersion); } Log.d("azheng","service: result" + mPersions.toString()); } } }; @Override public void onCreate() { super.onCreate(); Log.d("azheng" ,"service: onCreate()"); }@Override public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) { Log.d("azheng" ,"service: onStartCommand()"); return super.onStartCommand(intent, flags, startId); }@Override public void onDestroy() { super.onDestroy(); Log.d("azheng" ,"service: onDestroy()"); } }

ok,到这里就完成了。
补充一点：上面提到客户端和服务端的{Persion.java Persion.aidl IPersionManager.aidl}需要一致，为了方便复制，这里提供另一种方法。
1> 将Persion.java 文件拷贝到aidl文件夹中