android中常见声音操作方式(Ringtone,SoundPool,MediaPlayer)小结 _mediaplayer

男儿欲遂平生志，五经勤向窗前读。这篇文章主要讲述android中常见声音操作方式(Ringtone,SoundPool,MediaPlayer)小结相关的知识，希望能为你提供帮助。
在Android开发中有时候需要用到播放声音操作，在android API 的media包中有三种方式可供我们选择，它们分别是Ringtone，SoundPool，MediaPlayer。因为在我目前的项目中暂时用不到播放很长的音频文件，只需要播放一些简短的提示音，所以在这篇博文中我只是简单的记录下。

1.Ringtone.java
2.SoundPool.java
3.MediaPlayer.java
4.demo
5.bug record

注意：
关于这三个类的介绍我全部用的是android 自身的Java doc描述；
全部摘自于android-23；
因为我的项目中主要用到Ringtone，所以展示了它全部的描述；

1.Ringtone.java关于Ringtone的介绍。

package android.media; /** * Ringtone provides a quick method for playing a ringtone, notification, or * other similar types of sounds. * * For ways of retrieving {@link Ringtone} objects or to show a ringtone * picker, see {@link RingtoneManager}. * * @see RingtoneManager */ public class Ringtone {}

2.SoundPool.java关于SoundPool的介绍。

/** * The SoundPool class manages and plays audio resources for applications. * * A SoundPool is a collection of samples that can be loaded into memory * from a resource inside the APK or from a file in the file system. The * SoundPool library uses the MediaPlayer service to decode the audio * into a raw 16-bit PCM mono or stereo stream. This allows applications * to ship with compressed streams without having to suffer the CPU load * and latency of decompressing during playback. * * In addition to low-latency playback, SoundPool can also manage the number * of audio streams being rendered at once. When the SoundPool object is * constructed, the maxStreams parameter sets the maximum number of streams * that can be played at a time from this single SoundPool. SoundPool tracks * the number of active streams. If the maximum number of streams is exceeded, * SoundPool will automatically stop a previously playing stream based first * on priority and then by age within that priority. Limiting the maximum * number of streams helps to cap CPU loading and reducing the likelihood that * audio mixing will impact visuals or UI performance. * * Sounds can be looped by setting a non-zero loop value. A value of -1 * causes the sound to loop forever. In this case, the application must * explicitly call the stop() function to stop the sound. Any other non-zero * value will cause the sound to repeat the specified number of times, e.g. * a value of 3 causes the sound to play a total of 4 times. * * The playback rate can also be changed. A playback rate of 1.0 causes * the sound to play at its original frequency (resampled, if necessary, * to the hardware output frequency). A playback rate of 2.0 causes the * sound to play at twice its original frequency, and a playback rate of * 0.5 causes it to play at half its original frequency. The playback * rate range is 0.5 to 2.0. * * Priority runs low to high, i.e. higher numbers are higher priority. * Priority is used when a call to play() would cause the number of active * streams to exceed the value established by the maxStreams parameter when * the SoundPool was created. In this case, the stream allocator will stop * the lowest priority stream. If there are multiple streams with the same * low priority, it will choose the oldest stream to stop. In the case * where the priority of the new stream is lower than all the active * streams, the new sound will not play and the play() function will return * a streamID of zero. * * Let‘s examine a typical use case: A game consists of several levels of * play. For each level, there is a set of unique sounds that are used only * by that level. In this case, the game logic should create a new SoundPool * object when the first level is loaded. The level data itself might contain * the list of sounds to be used by this level. The loading logic iterates * through the list of sounds calling the appropriate SoundPool.load() * function. This should typically be done early in the process to allow time * for decompressing the audio to raw PCM format before they are needed for * playback. * * Once the sounds are loaded and play has started, the application can * trigger sounds by calling SoundPool.play(). Playing streams can be * paused or resumed, and the application can also alter the pitch by * adjusting the playback rate in real-time for doppler or synthesis * effects. * * Note that since streams can be stopped due to resource constraints, the * streamID is a reference to a particular instance of a stream. If the stream * is stopped to allow a higher priority stream to play, the stream is no * longer be valid. However, the application is allowed to call methods on * the streamID without error. This may help simplify program logic since * the application need not concern itself with the stream lifecycle. * * In our example, when the player has completed the level, the game * logic should call SoundPool.release() to release all the native resources * in use and then set the SoundPool reference to null. If the player starts * another level, a new SoundPool is created, sounds are loaded, and play * resumes. */ public class SoundPool {}

3.MediaPlayer.java

package android.media; /** * MediaPlayer class can be used to control playback * of audio/video files and streams. An example on how to use the methods in * this class can be found in {@link android.widget.VideoView}. * For ways of retrieving {@link Ringtone} objects or to show a ringtone * picker, see {@link RingtoneManager}. * * @see RingtoneManager */ public class MediaPlayer implements SubtitleController.Listener{}

4.demo因为这个demo很简单，就一个Activity和xml，所以我就不提供源码下载了。
请直接看码：

package android.media; package org.tuzhao.demo.activity; import android.app.Activity; import android.content.res.AssetFileDescriptor; import android.media.AudioManager; import android.media.MediaPlayer; import android.media.Ringtone; import android.media.RingtoneManager; import android.media.SoundPool; import android.net.Uri; import android.os.Bundle; import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity; import android.util.Log; import android.view.View; import org.tuzhao.sqlite.R; import java.io.IOException; /** * three types to play sound * @author tuzhao */ public class SoundActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener {private Ringtone ringtone; private SoundPool soundPool; private int loadId; private MediaPlayer mediaPlayer; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_sound); //初始化这三个方法 ringtone = initRingtone(this); soundPool = initSoundPool(); loadId = soundPool.load(this, R.raw.beep, 1); mediaPlayer = initMediaPlayer(this, 0); findViewById(R.id.bt_ringtone).setOnClickListener(this); findViewById(R.id.bt_sound_pool).setOnClickListener(this); findViewById(R.id.bt_media).setOnClickListener(this); }@Override public void onClick(View v) { switch (v.getId()) { case R.id.bt_ringtone: ringtone.play(); break; case R.id.bt_sound_pool: soundPool.play(loadId, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0, 0, 1.0f); break; case R.id.bt_media: mediaPlayer.start(); break; } }@Override protected void onDestroy() { super.onDestroy(); //release resource of this two types. soundPool.release(); mediaPlayer.release(); }/** * init type of Ringtone * @param context Activity * @return Ringtone */ private Ringtone initRingtone(Activity context) { Uri notification = RingtoneManager.getDefaultUri(RingtoneManager.TYPE_NOTIFICATION); return RingtoneManager.getRingtone(context, notification); }/** * init type ofSoundPool * @return SoundPool */ @SuppressWarnings("deprecation") private SoundPool initSoundPool() {//The content of the comments need API-23 //SoundPool.Builder builder=new SoundPool.Builder(); //builder.setMaxStreams(10); // //AudioAttributes.Builder audioBuilder=new AudioAttributes.Builder(); //audioBuilder.setContentType(AudioAttributes.CONTENT_TYPE_UNKNOWN); //audioBuilder.setFlags(AudioAttributes.FLAG_AUDIBILITY_ENFORCED); //audioBuilder.setLegacyStreamType(AudioManager.STREAM_SYSTEM); //audioBuilder.setUsage(AudioAttributes.USAGE_NOTIFICATION); //AudioAttributes attributes = audioBuilder.build(); // //builder.setAudioAttributes(attributes); //SoundPool soundPool = builder.build(); return new SoundPool(10, AudioManager.STREAM_NOTIFICATION, 5); }/** * init type ofMediaPlayer * @param context Activity * @param rawIdthe id of raw * @return MediaPlayer */ public MediaPlayer initMediaPlayer(Activity context, int rawId) { context.setVolumeControlStream(AudioManager.STREAM_MUSIC); final MediaPlayer mediaPlayer = new MediaPlayer(); mediaPlayer.setAudiostreamType(AudioManager.STREAM_MUSIC); /** * When the beep has finished playing, rewind to queue up another one. */ mediaPlayer.setOnCompletionListener(new MediaPlayer.OnCompletionListener() { @Override public void onCompletion(MediaPlayer mp) { mediaPlayer.seekTo(0); } }); mediaPlayer.setOnErrorListener(new MediaPlayer.OnErrorListener() { @Override public boolean onError(MediaPlayer mp, int what, int extra) { mediaPlayer.release(); return true; } }); AssetFileDescriptor file; if (rawId == 0) { file = context.getResources().openRawResourceFd(R.raw.beep); } else { file = context.getResources().openRawResourceFd(rawId); } try { mediaPlayer.setDataSource(file.getFileDescriptor(), file.getStartOffset(), file.getLength()); file.close(); float BEEP_VOLUME = 1.0f; mediaPlayer.setVolume(BEEP_VOLUME, BEEP_VOLUME); mediaPlayer.prepare(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); Log.i("initSpecifiedSound", "what happened to init sound? you need to deal it ."); return null; } return mediaPlayer; }}

下面是xml布局：

< ?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> < RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" tools:context="org.tuzhao.sqlite.activity.SoundActivity"> < Button android:id="@+id/bt_ringtone" android:layout_width="120dp" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_alignParentTop="true" android:layout_centerHorizontal="true" android:layout_marginTop="88dp" android:text="Ringtone" android:textAllCaps="false" /> < Button android:id="@+id/bt_sound_pool" android:layout_width="120dp" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_alignLeft="@+id/bt_ringtone" android:layout_alignStart="@+id/bt_ringtone" android:layout_below="@+id/bt_ringtone" android:layout_marginTop="15dp" android:text="SoundPool" android:textAllCaps="false"/> < Button android:id="@+id/bt_media" android:layout_width="120dp" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_alignLeft="@+id/bt_sound_pool" android:layout_alignStart="@+id/bt_sound_pool" android:layout_below="@+id/bt_sound_pool" android:layout_marginTop="15dp" android:text="MediaPlayer" android:textAllCaps="false"/> < /RelativeLayout>

5.bug recordbugs：
AudioTrack: AudioFlinger could not create track, status: -12
AudioFlinger: no more track names available
AudioSink: Unable to create audio track
MediaPlayer: Should have subtitle controller already set
resolve：我出现这种情况是因为我最刚开始采用的不是上面Java文件初始化的方法，而是每播放一次声音就new 一个对象来播放声音。这样能播放，但是播放了十几次就报上面的错误。正确做法是只初始化一次。
每次调用下面这三个分别对应方法：
soundPool.play(sourceId, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0, 0, 1.0f);
ringtone.play();
mediaPlayer.start();
【android中常见声音操作方式(Ringtone,SoundPool,MediaPlayer)小结】本人才疏学浅，出错在所难免。如文中有错误的地方望指正，谢谢！
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