nginx|申请CA证书的步骤 ssl|https|证书|java|html|项目

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我们再日常使用的系统中会用到很多签名的地方,
再win中控制台输入certmgr.msc

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随机查看证书—

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OpenSSL OpenSSL—安全套接字协议
在计算机网络上，OpenSSL是一个开放源代码的软件库包，应用程序可以使用这个包来进行安全通信，避免窃听，同时确认另一端连接者的身份。这个包广泛被应用在互联网的网页服务器上。
几个关键词—

证书签名请求文件

证书

私钥
以上知识一些基础的内容,我们再来说OpenSSL,首先他是一个协议—安全套接字协议,他的核心就是通过加密传输时的数据来保证信息不被非法窃取,保护用户隐私;
申请CA证书 openssl通过加密算法来实现.
openssl下载–linux版
openssl下载–win版
下载之后安装openssl,安装后的目录

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通过start.bat启动openssl
在D盘key文件夹下生成密钥文件

C:\Users\Gavin>openssl genrsa -des3 -out d:/key/server.key Enter PEM pass phrase: Verifying - Enter PEM pass phrase:

私钥文件—

生成私钥，需要提供一个至少4位，最多1023位的密码

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由私钥创建待签名的证书----即公钥

C:\Users\Gavin>openssl.exe req -new -key d:/key/server.key -out d:/key/pub.csr

依次输入国家，地区，城市，组织，组织单位，Common Name和Email,如果要支持https，Common Name应该与域名保持一致，否则会引起浏览器警告。

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最后生成的文件

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查看证书内容—

C:\Users\Gavin>openssl.exe req -text -in d:/key/pub.csr -noout

【nginx|申请CA证书的步骤】

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以上申请证书的准备工作就做好了
自建CA 创建CA密钥

C:\Users\Gavin>openssl.exe genrsa -out D:/key/gavinca.key 2048 #默认长度也是2048

生成CA待签名证书

C:\Users\Gavin>openssl.exe req -new -keyd:/key/gavinca.key -out d:/key/gavinca.csr You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated into your certificate request. What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN. There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank For some fields there will be a default value, If you enter '.', the field will be left blank. ----- Country Name (2 letter code) [AU]:cn State or Province Name (full name) [Some-State]:cn Locality Name (eg, city) []:cn Organization Name (eg, company) [Internet Widgits Pty Ltd]:cn Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:cn Common Name (e.g. server FQDN or YOUR name) []:cn Email Address []:cnPlease enter the following 'extra' attributes to be sent with your certificate request A challenge password []:cn An optional company name []:cn

生成CA根证书

C:\Users\Gavin>openssl.exe x509 -req -in d:/key/gavinca.csr -extensionsv3_ca -signkey d:/key/gavinca.key -out d:/key/gavinca.crt Warning: ignoring -extensions option without -extfile Certificate request self-signature ok subject=CN = cn, ST = gavin, L = cn, O = future, OU = cn, CN = cn, emailAddress = cn

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实际上我们的证书不需要存储到本地计算机,而是在浏览器中存储区会有相应的证书
以edge为例子---->>
设置---->>管理证书

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所以https的加密传输需要网站支持----->>申请CA证书
小结—>> 申请CA证书的步骤;

1,生成自己的私钥
2,根据私钥生成公钥
生成该公钥需要携带一些信息—
3,申请CA证书

模拟https加密流程

准备好密钥及证书

服务器端准备-----
准备一个私钥

C:\Users\Gavin>openssl genrsa -des3-out d:/key/server.key Enter PEM pass phrase: #加密server.key Verifying - Enter PEM pass phrase:

根据私钥生成一个公钥—即待签名的证书

C:\Users\Gavin>openssl req -new -key d:/key/server.key -out d:/key/pub.csr Enter pass phrase for d:/key/server.key: You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated into your certificate request. What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN. There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank For some fields there will be a default value, If you enter '.', the field will be left blank. ----- Country Name (2 letter code) [AU]:CN State or Province Name (full name) [Some-State]:SD Locality Name (eg, city) []:YTL Organization Name (eg, company) [Internet Widgits Pty Ltd]:YTL Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:YTL Common Name (e.g. server FQDN or YOUR name) []:TYL Email Address []:12345678@YTL.COMPlease enter the following 'extra' attributes to be sent with your certificate request A challenge password []:1234 An optional company name []:YTL

生成CA证书–

C:\Users\Gavin>openssl.exe x509 -req -in d:/key/pub.csr -extensionsv3_ca -signkey d:/key/server.key -out d:/key/server.crt Enter pass phrase for d:/key/server.key: Warning: ignoring -extensions option without -extfile Certificate request self-signature ok subject=C = CN, ST = SD, L = YT, O = CodeM, OU = CODE, CN = Gavin, emailAddress = 12345678@hah.com

生成的证书还没有得到认证,因此无效的,没有被信任.

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需要对证书进行签名后才能内使用,这里就不用大机构来认证了,自己整一个CA进行认证;

CA认证跟证书申请

----csr的过程类似:
准备CA的密钥:

C:\Users\Gavin>openssl.exe genrsa -out d:/key/serverca.key 2048

生成待签名的证书----公钥:

C:\Users\Gavin>openssl.exe req -new -keyd:/key/serverca.key -out d:/key/serverca.csr You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated into your certificate request. What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN. There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank For some fields there will be a default value, If you enter '.', the field will be left blank. ----- Country Name (2 letter code) [AU]:USA String too long, must be at most 2 bytes long Country Name (2 letter code) [AU]:UK State or Province Name (full name) [Some-State]:LD Locality Name (eg, city) []:LD Organization Name (eg, company) [Internet Widgits Pty Ltd]:LD Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:LD Common Name (e.g. server FQDN or YOUR name) []:KD Email Address []:LDLDKD@haha.comPlease enter the following 'extra' attributes to be sent with your certificate request A challenge password []:1234 An optional company name []:LD

生成CA根证书

C:\Users\Gavin>openssl.exe x509 -req -in d:/key/serverca.csr -extensions v3_ca -signkey d:/key/serverca.key -out d:/key/serverca.crt Warning: ignoring -extensions option without -extfile Certificate request self-signature ok subject=C = LD, ST = LD, L = LD, O = LD, OU = LD, CN = LD, emailAddress = 1234567@haha.com

对根证书进行签名

C:\Users\Gavin>openssl x509 -days 365 -req -in d:/key/pub.csr -extensions v3_req -CAkey d:/key/serverca.key -CA d:/key/serverca.crt -CAcreateserial -out d:/key/server.crt Warning: ignoring -extensions option without -extfile Certificate request self-signature ok subject=C = CN, ST = SD, L = YTL, O = YTL, OU = YTL, CN = TYL, emailAddress = 12345678@YTL.COM #x509 协议 ,days 有效期-req 请求---即由服务器的公钥要经过ca的私钥serverca.key ca公钥(证书) 认证(加密/解密)生成经过认证的证书

再看CA颁发的证书—即服务器证书经过CA认证后的