wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repoyum install cobbler cobbler-web pykickstart httpd dhcp tftp xinetd fence-agents debmirror-y 如果有装不上情况就分开一个一个装 终端图形管理界面：https://192.168.110.3/cobbler_web(没有研究过，学的是下面命令)3. Cobbler 配置文件概述 # 配置?文件目录 /etc/cobbler /etc/cobbler/settings # cobbler主配置文件 /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template # DHCP服务的配置模板 /etc/cobbler/tftpd.template # tftp服务的配置模板 /etc/cobbler/rsync.template # rsync服务的配置模板 /etc/cobbler/iso # iso模板配置文件目录/etc/cobbler/pxe # pxe模板文件目录 /etc/cobbler/power # 电源的配置文件目录 /etc/cobbler/users.conf # Web服务授权配置?文件 /etc/cobbler/users.digest # web访问的?用户名密码配置?文件 /etc/cobbler/dnsmasq.template # DNS服务的配置模板 /etc/cobbler/modules.conf # Cobbler模块配置文件#Cobbler数据目录 /var/lib/cobbler /var/lib/cobbler/config # 配置?文件 /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts # 默认存放kickstart?文件 /var/lib/cobbler/loaders # 存放的各种引导程序 /var/www/cobbler # 系统安装镜像目录 /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror # 导入的系统镜像列列表 /var/www/cobbler/images # 导入的系统镜像启动?文件 /var/www/cobbler/repo_mirror # yum源存储目录#日志目录/var/log/cobbler /var/log/cobbler/install.log # 客户端系统安装?日志 /var/log/cobbler/cobbler.log # cobbler?日志启动 httpd 以及 CobblerServer [root@cobbler ~]# systemctl start httpd [root@cobbler ~]# systemctl start cobblerd cobbler check 检查一下有什么问题，全部解决掉 改配置文件: vi/etc/cobbler/settings server=192.168.10.3 next_server=192.168.10.3//启用cobbler动态配置,如不不启动则可以通过手动或sed命令替换配置 sed -ri '/allow_dynamic_settings:/c \allow_dynamic_settings: 1' /etc/cobbler/settings systemctl restart cobblerdvi /etc/xinetd.d/tftp disableno [root@cobbler ~]# systemctl enable xinetd [root@cobbler ~]# systemctl restart xinetd//4.启动rsync [root@cobbler ~]# systemctl start rsyncd [root@cobbler ~]# systemctl enable rsyncd//5.下载网络安装需要执行的文件 [root@cobbler ~]# cobbler get-loaders //6.安装debmirror, 修改/etc/debmirror.conf [root@cobbler ~]# yum –y install debmirror vim /etc/debmirror.conf注释掉下面两行 #@dists="sid"; #@arches="i386"; //7.配置系统登录密码 openssl passwd -1 -salt 'cobbler' 'Bgx123.com' cobbler setting edit --name=default_password_crypted --value='https://www.it610.com/article/$1$cobbler$RTWR1S/XXjsj9af1IZGi/.'//8.电源控制模块安装[可选] [root@cobbler ~]# yum –y install cman fence-agents//9.开启dhcp地址分配 [root@cobbler ~]# cobbler setting edit --name=manage_dhcp --value=https://www.it610.com/article/16.执?行行 cobbler check 检查 [root@cobbler ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd [root@cobbler ~]# cobbler check No configuration problems found. All systems go. 有这行就对了7.配置 cobbler 的 dhcp 模板不代表给主机分配一定是如下地址] 先开启cobbler支持dhcp vim /etc/cobbler/settings manage_dhcp: 1[root@cobbler ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template subnet 192.168.56.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 { option routers 192.168.56.2; option domain-name-servers 192.168.56.2; option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0; range dynamic-bootp 192.168.56.100 192.168.56.200; default-lease-time 21600; max-lease-time 43200; next-server $next_server; 8.同步 CobblerServer 所有配置信息 //重启并同步cobblerServer [root@cobbler ~]# systemctl restart xinetd [root@cobbler ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd [root@cobbler ~]# cobbler sync2.Cobbler基础应?用 1. cobbler 使?用第一步需要定义 distro 如果已经有 OS 镜像安装?文件, 使?用 improt 导入方式。//1.挂载CentOS7系统ISO光盘 [root@cobbler ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/ //2.import导入系统镜像,以及镜像树 [root@cobbler ~]# cobbler import --path=/mnt/ --name=centos7 --arch=x86_64 会创建在: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos7-x86_64 /var/www/cobbler/images/centos7-x86_64yum仓库位置: /var/www/cobbler/repo_mirror//3.查看cobbler distro [root@cobbler ~]# cobbler distro list centos7-x86_642. cobbler 默认 profile 无法满足运维需求, 需在 distro 基础上指定 kickstart 自定义配置文件(配置文件在文档末尾自行复制创建)。2. Cobbler 的 Ks 文件以及脚本文件中指定硬盘分区时 注意:KVM虚拟机是vda和vdb,如果使?用vmware请注意磁盘名称为sda、sdb注意：每安装好一台Centos机器，Centos安装程序都会创建一个kickstart配置文件， 记录你的真实安装配置。如果你希望实现和某系统类似的安装， 可以基于该系统的kickstart配置文件来生成你自己的kickstart配置文件。 （生成的文件名字叫anaconda-ks.cfg位于/root/anaconda-ks.cfg）vim /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/centos7.cfg#CentOS7 #Kickstart Configurator by xuliangwei #platform=x86, AMD64, or Intel EM64T #System language lang en_US #System keyboard keyboard us #Sytem timezone timezone Asia/Shanghai #Root password rootpw --iscrypted $default_password_crypted #Use text mode install text #Install OS instead of upgrade install #Use NFS installation Media url --url=$tree #System bootloader configuration bootloader --location=mbr --append="net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0" #Clear the Master Boot Record zerombr #Partition clearing information clearpart --all --initlabel #Disk partitioning information part /boot --fstype xfs --size 1024 --ondisk sda part swap --size 2048 --ondisk sda part / --fstype xfs --size 1 --grow --ondisk sda #System authorization infomation auth --useshadow --enablemd5 #Network information $SNIPPET('network_config') #network --bootproto=dhcp --device=eth0 --onboot=on # Reboot after installation reboot #Firewall configuration firewall --disabled #SELinux configuration selinux --disabled #Do not configure XWindows skipx%pre $SNIPPET('log_ks_pre') $SNIPPET('kickstart_start') $SNIPPET('pre_install_network_config') # Enable installation monitoring $SNIPPET('pre_anamon') %end#Package install information %packages @base @core sysstat iptraf ntp lrzsz ncurses-devel openssl-devel zlib-devel OpenIPMI-tools tree nmap screen wget %end%post systemctl disable postfix.service (这里可以加客户机安装的软件命令、执行的脚本等..例：yum install httpd, systemctl stop firewalld,还可以直接改配置文件用sed -i) %end以下是6的配置文件: 新建:vim /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/centos6.cfg配置文件auth --useshadow --enablemd5 bootloader --location=mbrclearpart --all --initlabelpart /boot --fstype ext4 --size 1024 --ondisk sda part swap --size=1500 part / --fstype ext4 --size 1 --grow --ondisk sdatextfirewall --disablefirstboot --disablekeyboard uslang en_USurl --url=$tree$yum_repo_stanza$SNIPPET('network_config')rebootrootpw --iscrypted $default_password_cryptedselinux --disabledskipxtimezone Asia/Shanghaiinstallzerombr%packages @base @compat-libraries @debugging @development tree nmap sysstat lrzsz dos2unix telnet%pre $SNIPPET('log_ks_pre') $SNIPPET('kickstart_start') $SNIPPET('pre_install_network_config') $SNIPPET('pre_anamon') %post %end查看配置 cobbler profile list cobbler profile report修改kickstart文件位置(改原有的位置,name不能改，只能改指定配置文件，但可以删除) [root@cobbler ~]# cobbler profile edit --name=centos7-x86_64 \ --distro=centos7-x86_64 --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/centos7-1.cfg删除默认的profile配置 [root@cobbler ~]# cobbler profile remove --name="centos7-x86_64"添加新的profile配置, 并指定kickstart应答文件位置 [root@cobbler ~]# cobbler profile add --name=centos7 \ --distro=centos7-x86_64 --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/centos7.cfg//3.验证kickstart配置文件有效性,所有ok才行 cobbler validateks3.由于 CentOS7 系统网卡名是 eno... ，为了统一标准, 修改为常用 eth0 管理 注意是 CentOS7 才需要下面的步骤 CentOS6 不需要。//1.修改centos7系统profile安装时的内核(name要和上面对应不能有错) cobbler profile edit --name=centos7 --kopts='net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0'//2.在kickstart配置文件中添加内核参数[推荐，可不设置这项] bootloader --location=mbr --append="net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0"4.客户端网卡启动就行了,装完系统登陆root密码Bgx123.com(上面设置的密码一样) 如果客户机出现： /sbin/dmsquash-live-root/sbin/dmsquash-live-root: line 286: printf: write error: No space left on device因为内存不足2G的原因 ----------------------客户机重装系统:------------------------------- 1.客户端安装 koan //下载当前系统对应的epel源(Centos7,阿里云) wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo//安装koan yum install -y koan2.指定对应 profile 重装操作系统 //客户端列列出`Cobbler Server`端存在的`profile` [root@localhost ~]# koan --server=192.168.56.11 --list=profiles//选择对应配置即可 koan --replace-self --server=192.168.56.11 --profile=centos7-x86_644、重启客户端, 客户端?自动进入重装 reboot ----------客户端在装完系统时自动装上yum仓库---------- 5.Cobbler自定义仓库(在cobbler服务器上先把网上的阿里云下载下来本地，然后客户机从 cobbler服务器下载)先看查cobbler profile report看下repos对应行是空的1.添加 repo cobbler repo add --name=openstack-n-centos7 \ --mirror=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7.4.1708/cloud/x86_64/\ --arch=x86_64 --breed=yum查看:上面添加的:cobbler repo list删除: cobbler repo remove --name=openstack-n-centos7 改名字:cobbler repo rename --name=openstack-n-centos7--newname=zabbix-centos7cobbler repo回车可以看到很多选项//或者同步本地仓库 [root@cobbler ~]# cobbler repo add --name=local-ftp-base \ --mirror=ftp://192.168.56.11/centos7/base/2.同步 repo把上面定义的阿里yum源下载到本地：/var/www/cobbler/repo_mirror/下面 [root@cobbler ~]# cobbler reposync3.添加 repo 到对应的 profile //http协议 [root@cobbler ~]# cobbler profile edit --name=centos7 --repos=zabbix-centos7//本地ftp [root@cobbler ~]# cobbler profile edit --name=centos7-x86_64 --repos=local-ftp-base4.修改 kickstart 文件:/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/centos7.cfg (添加到 %post %end 中间) %post systemctl disable postfix.service $yum_config_stanza %endcobbler reposynccobbler sync查看本地yum源：http://192.168.110.3/cobbler/repo_mirror/ 打开就能看到5.添加定时任务, 定期同步 repo echo "00 3 * * * /usr/bin/cobbler reposync --tries=3 --no-fail" >> /var/spool/cron/root ------------------------自动安装系统不用开始选择回车------------------------ 由于 kickstart 指定某台服务器使用某个具体的 ks 文件比较复杂，所以引用 Cobbler 就变得非 常的简单。通过物理MAC地址来区分。 Cobbler system 主要目的配置网络接口, 通过 system 指定服务器MAC 地址来固定机器的IP、掩 码、网关、DNS、主机名等实现基础环境的标准化先得到客户机的MAC地址: 规划配置如下: MAC:00:0C:29:6E:41:CB IP地址:192.168.56.12 掩码:255.255.255.0 网关:192.168.56.2 DNS: 192.168.56.2 主机名:linux-node2.comcobbler system回车看到好多指令//Cobbler具体指令(name=这里最好用要安装系统的计算机名，\ 因为每一个主机要执行下面一次命令) [root@cobbler ~]# cobbler system add --name=linux-node2.com \ --mac=00:0C:29:6E:41:CB \ --profile=Centos-7-x86_64 \ --ip-address=192.168.56.12 \ --subnet=255.255.255.0 \ --gateway=192.168.56.2\ --interface=eth0 \ --static=1 \ --hostname=linux-node2.com \ --name-servers="192.168.56.2"多台主机添加可以用脚本如下(提前准备好计算机名、ip地址、mac列表:cobbler_file.txt) 使用脚本?自动化添加 system [root@Cobbler ~]# cat cobbler_auto.sh #!/usr/bin/bash master="centos7-salt-zabbix-master" minion="centos7-salt-zabbix-minion"netmask="255.255.255.0" gateway="192.168.70.254" interface=eth0 dns=211.161.122.200while read line do len1=$(echo $line|awk '{print $1}') len2=$(echo $line|awk '{print $2}') len3=$(echo $line|awk '{print $3}') cobbler system add \ --name="$len1" \ --mac="$len3" \ --profile="$minion" \ --ip-address=$len2 \ --subnet=$net \ --gateway=$gate \ --interface=$interface \ --static=1 \ --hostname=$len1 \ --name-servers=$dnsdone