python神经网络MobileNet模型的复现详解 python神经网络MobileNet模型的复

什么是MobileNet模型
MobileNet网络部分实现代码
图片预测

什么是MobileNet模型 MobileNet是一种轻量级网络，相比于其它结构网络，它不一定是最准的，但是它真的很轻
MobileNet模型是Google针对手机等嵌入式设备提出的一种轻量级的深层神经网络，其使用的核心思想便是depthwise separable convolution。
对于一个卷积点而言：
假设有一个3×3大小的卷积层，其输入通道为16、输出通道为32。具体为，32个3×3大小的卷积核会遍历16个通道中的每个数据，最后可得到所需的32个输出通道，所需参数为16×32×3×3=4608个。
应用深度可分离卷积，用16个3×3大小的卷积核分别遍历16通道的数据，得到了16个特征图谱。在融合操作之前，接着用32个1×1大小的卷积核遍历这16个特征图谱，所需参数为16×3×3+16×32×1×1=656个。
可以看出来depthwise separable convolution可以减少模型的参数。
如下这张图就是depthwise separable convolution的结构

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在建立模型的时候，可以使用Keras中的DepthwiseConv2D层实现深度可分离卷积，然后再利用1x1卷积调整channels数。
通俗地理解就是3x3的卷积核厚度只有一层，然后在输入张量上一层一层地滑动，每一次卷积完生成一个输出通道，当卷积完成后，在利用1x1的卷积调整厚度。
如下就是MobileNet的结构，其中Conv dw就是分层卷积，在其之后都会接一个1x1的卷积进行通道处理，

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MobileNet网络部分实现代码

#-------------------------------------------------------------##MobileNet的网络部分#-------------------------------------------------------------#import warningsimport numpy as npfrom keras.preprocessing import imagefrom keras.models import Modelfrom keras.layers import DepthwiseConv2D,Input,Activation,Dropout,Reshape,BatchNormalization,GlobalAveragePooling2D,GlobalMaxPooling2D,Conv2Dfrom keras.applications.imagenet_utils import decode_predictionsfrom keras import backend as Kdef MobileNet(input_shape=[224,224,3],depth_multiplier=1,dropout=1e-3,classes=1000):img_input = Input(shape=input_shape)# 224,224,3 -> 112,112,32x = _conv_block(img_input, 32, strides=(2, 2))# 112,112,32 -> 112,112,64x = _depthwise_conv_block(x, 64, depth_multiplier, block_id=1)# 112,112,64 -> 56,56,128x = _depthwise_conv_block(x, 128, depth_multiplier,strides=(2, 2), block_id=2)# 56,56,128 -> 56,56,128x = _depthwise_conv_block(x, 128, depth_multiplier, block_id=3)# 56,56,128 -> 28,28,256x = _depthwise_conv_block(x, 256, depth_multiplier,strides=(2, 2), block_id=4)# 28,28,256 -> 28,28,256x = _depthwise_conv_block(x, 256, depth_multiplier, block_id=5)# 28,28,256 -> 14,14,512x = _depthwise_conv_block(x, 512, depth_multiplier,strides=(2, 2), block_id=6)# 14,14,512 -> 14,14,512x = _depthwise_conv_block(x, 512, depth_multiplier, block_id=7)x = _depthwise_conv_block(x, 512, depth_multiplier, block_id=8)x = _depthwise_conv_block(x, 512, depth_multiplier, block_id=9)x = _depthwise_conv_block(x, 512, depth_multiplier, block_id=10)x = _depthwise_conv_block(x, 512, depth_multiplier, block_id=11)# 14,14,512 -> 7,7,1024x = _depthwise_conv_block(x, 1024, depth_multiplier,strides=(2, 2), block_id=12)x = _depthwise_conv_block(x, 1024, depth_multiplier, block_id=13)# 7,7,1024 -> 1,1,1024x = GlobalAveragePooling2D()(x)x = Reshape((1, 1, 1024), name='reshape_1')(x)x = Dropout(dropout, name='dropout')(x)x = Conv2D(classes, (1, 1),padding='same', name='conv_preds')(x)x = Activation('softmax', name='act_softmax')(x)x = Reshape((classes,), name='reshape_2')(x)inputs = img_inputmodel = Model(inputs, x, name='mobilenet_1_0_224_tf')model_name = 'mobilenet_1_0_224_tf.h5'model.load_weights(model_name)return modeldef _conv_block(inputs, filters, kernel=(3, 3), strides=(1, 1)):x = Conv2D(filters, kernel,padding='same',use_bias=False,strides=strides,name='conv1')(inputs)x = BatchNormalization(name='conv1_bn')(x)return Activation(relu6, name='conv1_relu')(x)def _depthwise_conv_block(inputs, pointwise_conv_filters,depth_multiplier=1, strides=(1, 1), block_id=1):x = DepthwiseConv2D((3, 3),padding='same',depth_multiplier=depth_multiplier,strides=strides,use_bias=False,name='conv_dw_%d' % block_id)(inputs)x = BatchNormalization(name='conv_dw_%d_bn' % block_id)(x)x = Activation(relu6, name='conv_dw_%d_relu' % block_id)(x)x = Conv2D(pointwise_conv_filters, (1, 1),padding='same',use_bias=False,strides=(1, 1),name='conv_pw_%d' % block_id)(x)x = BatchNormalization(name='conv_pw_%d_bn' % block_id)(x)return Activation(relu6, name='conv_pw_%d_relu' % block_id)(x)def relu6(x):return K.relu(x, max_value=https://www.it610.com/article/6)

图片预测建立网络后，可以用以下的代码进行预测。

def preprocess_input(x):x /= 255.x -= 0.5x *= 2.return xif __name__ == '__main__':model = MobileNet(input_shape=(224, 224, 3))img_path = 'elephant.jpg'img = image.load_img(img_path, target_size=(224, 224))x = image.img_to_array(img)x = np.expand_dims(x, axis=0)x = preprocess_input(x)print('Input image shape:', x.shape)preds = model.predict(x)print(np.argmax(preds))print('Predicted:', decode_predictions(preds, 1))

预测所需的已经训练好的Xception模型可以在https://github.com/fchollet/deep-learning-models/releases下载。非常方便。预测结果为：