从Android 9（API级别28）开始，默认情况下禁用明文支持。 _Android

炒沙作縻终不饱，缕冰文章费工巧。这篇文章主要讲述从Android 9（API级别28）开始，默认情况下禁用明文支持。相关的知识，希望能为你提供帮助。
在生产环境中强制使用https，但在调试模式下允许使用明文的方法它仅在api 23+上使用
在build.gradle中：

// Put this in your buildtypes debug section: manifestPlaceholders = [usesCleartextTraffic:"true"]// Put this in your buildtypes release section manifestPlaceholders = [usesCleartextTraffic:"false"]

在androidManifest.xml中的application标签中

android:usesCleartextTraffic="${usesCleartextTraffic}"

android:usesCleartextTraffic="true"

其它方法“

删除了这一行

android:networkSecurityConfig="@xml/network_security_config"

application 添加

android:usesCleartextTraffic="true"

改造配置类OKHttp创建时添加了一个连接规范

.connectionSpecs(CollectionsKt.listOf(ConnectionSpec.MODERN_TLS, ConnectionSpec.CLEARTEXT))

OkHttpClient okHttpClient = new OkHttpClient.Builder() .readTimeout(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS) .connectTimeout(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS) .cache(null) .connectionSpecs(CollectionsKt.listOf(ConnectionSpec.MODERN_TLS, ConnectionSpec.CLEARTEXT)) .addInterceptor(new NetworkInterceptor(context)) .addInterceptor(createLoggingInterceptor()) .addInterceptor(createSessionExpiryInterceptor()) .addInterceptor(createContextHeaderInterceptor()) .build();

【从Android 9（API级别28）开始，默认情况下禁用明文支持。】

< network-security-config> < base-config cleartextTrafficPermitted="true"> < trust-anchors> < certificates src="https://www.songbingjia.com/android/system" /> < certificates src="https://www.songbingjia.com/android/user" /> < /trust-anchors> < /base-config> < domain-config cleartextTrafficPermitted="true"> < domain includeSubdomains="true"> api.endv.cn< /domain> < domain includeSubdomains="true"> im.endv.cn< /domain> < domain includeSubdomains="true"> pay.endv.cn< /domain> < domain includeSubdomains="true"> endv.cn< /domain> < /domain-config> < /network-security-config>