26个带有示例的Docker命令

本文概述

查看版本
下载镜像
镜像
运行镜像
查看容器
ps -a
docker exec
删除容器
删除镜像
重新启动Docker
停止Docker
启动Docker
docker kill
docker commit
docker login
docker push
docker network
docker info
复制文件
查看历史
检查日志
搜索镜像
更新配置
创建卷
安装插件
docker logout

面向系统管理员和开发人员的Docker命令速查表…
Docker是一个容器化系统, 它将依赖于容器的应用程序打包并运行在容器中。使用Docker时, 你必须了解几个docker命令。本文就是关于这一点的。
如果你不知道Docker是什么, 那么你可以参加Udemy入门课程。
查看版本你要了解的第一件事是如何找到已安装的Docker版本。

[email protected]:/home/geekflare$ docker --versionDocker version 18.09.6, build 481bc77

下载镜像假设你需要从dockerhub(docker存储库)中提取docker映像。下面的示例提取Apache HTTP服务器映像。

[email protected]:/home/geekflare$ docker pull httpdUsing default tag: latestlatest: Pulling from library/httpdf5d23c7fed46: Pull completeb083c5fd185b: Pull completebf5100a89e78: Pull complete98f47fcaa52f: Pull complete622a9dd8cfed: Pull completeDigest: sha256:8bd76c050761610773b484e411612a31f299dbf7273763103edbda82acd73642Status: Downloaded newer image for httpd:latest[email protected]:/home/geekflare$

镜像列出所有拉到系统上的docker映像, 以及映像详细信息, 例如TAG / IMAGE ID / SIZE等。

[email protected]:/home/geekflare$ docker imagesREPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZEhttpd latest ee39f68eb241 2 days ago 154MBhello-world latest fce289e99eb9 6 months ago 1.84kBsequenceiq/hadoop-docker 2.7.0 789fa0a3b911 4 years ago 1.76GB

运行镜像运行命令中提到的docker镜像。此命令将创建一个将在其中运行Apache HTTP服务器的docker容器。

[email protected]:/home/geekflare$ docker run -it -d httpd09ca6feb6efc0578951a3e2557ed5855b2edda39a795d9703eb54d975930fe6e

查看容器ps列出了所有正在运行的docker容器以及容器详细信息。

[email protected]:/home/geekflare$ docker psCONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES09ca6feb6efc httpd "httpd-foreground" 36 seconds ago Up 33 seconds 80/tcp suspicious_bell

如你所见, Apache服务器正在此docker容器中运行。
ps -a列出所有正在运行/已退出/已停止的Docker容器以及容器详细信息。

[email protected]:/home/geekflare$ docker ps -aCONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES09ca6feb6efc httpd "httpd-foreground" 51 seconds ago Up 49 seconds 80/tcp suspicious_bell2f6fb3381078 sequenceiq/hadoop-docker:2.7.0 "/etc/bootstrap.sh -d" 2 weeks ago Exited (137) 9 days ago quizzical_raman9f397feb3a46 sequenceiq/hadoop-docker:2.7.0 "/etc/bootstrap.sh -…" 2 weeks ago Exited (255) 2 weeks ago 2122/tcp, 8030-8033/tcp, 8040/tcp, 8042/tcp, 8088/tcp, 19888/tcp, 49707/tcp, 50010/tcp, 50020/tcp, 50070/tcp, 50075/tcp, 50090/tcp determined_ritchie9b6343d3b5a0 hello-world "/hello" 2 weeks ago Exited (0) 2 weeks ago peaceful_mclean

docker exec访问docker容器并在容器内运行命令。在此示例中, 我正在访问apache服务器容器。

[email protected]:/home/geekflare$ docker exec -it 09ca6feb6efc bash[email protected]:/usr/local/apache2# lsbin build cgi-bin conf error htdocs icons include logs modules[email protected]:/usr/local/apache2#

键入exit, 然后按Enter键以退出容器。
删除容器删除命令中提到的具有容器ID的Docker容器。

[email protected]:/home/geekflare$ docker rm 9b6343d3b5a09b6343d3b5a0

运行以下命令以检查是否已卸下容器。

[email protected]:/home/geekflare$ docker ps -aCONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES09ca6feb6efc httpd "httpd-foreground" About a minute ago Up About a minute 80/tcp suspicious_bell2f6fb3381078 sequenceiq/hadoop-docker:2.7.0 "/etc/bootstrap.sh -d" 2 weeks ago Exited (137) 9 days ago quizzical_raman9f397feb3a46 sequenceiq/hadoop-docker:2.7.0 "/etc/bootstrap.sh -…" 2 weeks ago Exited (255) 2 weeks ago 2122/tcp, 8030-8033/tcp, 8040/tcp, 8042/tcp, 8088/tcp, 19888/tcp, 49707/tcp, 50010/tcp, 50020/tcp, 50070/tcp, 50075/tcp, 50090/tcp determined_ritchie

删除镜像使用命令中提到的docker image ID删除docker image

[email protected]:/home/geekflare$ docker rmi fce289e99eb9Untagged: hello-world:latestUntagged: [email protected]:41a65640635299bab090f783209c1e3a3f11934cf7756b09cb2f1e02147c6ed8Deleted: sha256:fce289e99eb9bca977dae136fbe2a82b6b7d4c372474c9235adc1741675f587eDeleted: sha256:af0b15c8625bb1938f1d7b17081031f649fd14e6b233688eea3c5483994a66a3[email protected]:/home/geekflare$

重新启动Docker使用命令中提到的容器ID重新启动Docker容器。

[email protected]:/home/geekflare$ docker restart 09ca6feb6efc09ca6feb6efc

运行以下命令, 并检查STATUS参数以验证容器是否最近启动。

[email protected]:/home/geekflare$ docker psCONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES09ca6feb6efc httpd "httpd-foreground" 6 minutes ago Up 9 seconds 80/tcp suspicious_bell

停止Docker停止具有命令中提到的容器ID的容器。

[email protected]:/home/geekflare$ docker stop 09ca6feb6efc09ca6feb6efc

运行以下命令以检查容器是否仍在运行或已停止。

[email protected]:/home/geekflare$ docker psCONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES

启动Dockerdocker中的此命令使用命令中提到的容器ID启动docker容器。

[email protected]:/home/geekflare$ docker start 09ca6feb6efc09ca6feb6efc

运行以下命令以检查容器是否已启动。

[email protected]:/home/geekflare$ docker psCONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES09ca6feb6efc httpd "httpd-foreground" 8 minutes ago Up 3 seconds 80/tcp suspicious_bell

docker kill立即停止docker容器。 Docker stop命令可以优雅地停止容器, 这就是kill和stop命令之间的区别。

[email protected]:/home/geekflare$ docker kill 09ca6feb6efc09ca6feb6efc

运行以下命令以查看容器是否被杀死。

[email protected]:/home/geekflare$ docker psCONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES

docker commit使用本地系统中命令中提到的容器ID保存新的docker镜像。在下面的示例中, geekflare是用户名, 而httpd_image是镜像名称。

[email protected]:/home/geekflare$ docker commit 09ca6feb6efc geekflare/httpd_imagesha256:d1933506f4c1686ab1a1ec601b1a03a17b41decbc21d8acd893db090a09bb31c

docker login登录到Docker Hub。系统将要求你输入Docker Hub凭据进行登录。

[email protected]:/home/geekflare$ docker loginLogin with your Docker ID to push and pull images from Docker Hub. If you don't have a Docker ID, head over to https://hub.docker.com to create one.Username: geekflarePassword:Configure a credential helper to remove this warning. Seehttps://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/login/#credentials-storeLogin Succeeded

docker push在dockerhub上上传命令中提到的映像名称的docker映像。

[email protected]:/home/geekflare$ docker push geekflare/httpd_imageThe push refers to repository [docker.io/geekflare/httpd_image]734d9104a6a2: Pushed635721fc6973: Mounted from library/httpdbea448567d6c: Mounted from library/httpdbfaa5f9c3b51: Mounted from library/httpd9d542ac296cc: Mounted from library/httpdd8a33133e477: Mounted from library/httpdlatest: digest: sha256:3904662761df9d76ef04ddfa5cfab764b85e3eedaf10071cfbe2bf77254679ac size: 1574

docker networkdocker中的以下命令列出了群集中所有网络的详细信息。

[email protected]:/home/geekflare$ docker network lsNETWORK ID NAME DRIVER SCOPE85083e766f04 bridge bridge localf51d1f3379e0 host host local5e5d9a192c00 none null local

还有其他几个docker network命令。

[email protected]:/home/geekflare$ docker networkUsage: docker network COMMANDManage networksCommands:connect Connect a container to a networkcreate Create a networkdisconnect Disconnect a container from a networkinspect Display detailed information on one or more networksls List networksprune Remove all unused networksrm Remove one or more networksRun 'docker network COMMAND --help' for more information on a command.

docker info获取有关系统上安装的docker的详细信息, 包括内核版本, 容器和映像的数量等。

[email protected]:/home/geekflare$ docker infoContainers: 3Running: 1Paused: 0Stopped: 2Images: 3Server Version: 18.09.6Storage Driver: overlay2Backing Filesystem: extfsSupports d_type: trueNative Overlay Diff: trueLogging Driver: json-fileCgroup Driver: cgroupfsPlugins:Volume: localNetwork: bridge host macvlan null overlayLog: awslogs fluentd gcplogs gelf journald json-file local logentries splunk syslogSwarm: inactiveRuntimes: runcDefault Runtime: runcInit Binary: docker-initcontainerd version: bb71b10fd8f58240ca47fbb579b9d1028eea7c84runc version: 2b18fe1d885ee5083ef9f0838fee39b62d653e30init version: fec3683Security Options:apparmorseccompProfile: defaultKernel Version: 4.18.0-25-genericOperating System: Ubuntu 18.10OSType: linuxArchitecture: x86_64CPUs: 1Total Memory: 4.982GiBName: geekflareID: RBCP:YGAP:QG6H:B6XH:JCT2:DTI5:AYJA:M44Z:ETRP:6TO6:OPAY:KLNJDocker Root Dir: /var/lib/dockerDebug Mode (client): falseDebug Mode (server): falseUsername: geekflareRegistry: https://index.docker.io/v1/Labels:Experimental: falseInsecure Registries:127.0.0.0/8Live Restore Enabled: falseProduct License: Community Engine

复制文件将文件从Docker容器复制到本地系统。
在此示例中, 我将ID为09ca6feb6efc的docker容器内的httpd.pid文件复制到/ home / geekflare /

[email protected]:/home/geekflare$ sudo docker cp 09ca6feb6efc:/usr/local/apache2/logs/httpd.pid /home/geekflare/[sudo] password for geekflare:

运行以下命令以检查文件是否已复制。

[email protected]:/home/geekflare$ lsDesktop Documents example examples.desktop httpd.pid nginx_new.yml nginx.yml

查看历史使用命令中提到的映像名称显示docker映像的历史记录。

[email protected]:/home/geekflare$ docker history httpdIMAGE CREATED CREATED BY SIZE COMMENTee39f68eb241 2 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD ["httpd-foreground"] 0B< missing> 2 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) EXPOSE 80 0B< missing> 2 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) COPY file:c432ff61c4993ecd… 138B< missing> 4 days ago /bin/sh -c set -eux; savedAptMark="$(apt-m… 49.1MB< missing> 4 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV HTTPD_PATCHES= 0B< missing> 4 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV HTTPD_SHA256=b4ca9d05… 0B< missing> 4 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV HTTPD_VERSION=2.4.39 0B< missing> 4 days ago /bin/sh -c set -eux; apt-get update; apt-g… 35.4MB< missing> 4 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) WORKDIR /usr/local/apache2 0B< missing> 4 days ago /bin/sh -c mkdir -p "$HTTPD_PREFIX" & & chow… 0B< missing> 4 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV PATH=/usr/local/apach… 0B< missing> 4 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV HTTPD_PREFIX=/usr/loc… 0B< missing> 5 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD ["bash"] 0B< missing> 5 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:71ac26257198ecf6a… 69.2MB

检查日志显示命令中提到的包含ID的Docker容器的日志。

[email protected]:/home/geekflare$ docker logs 09ca6feb6efcAH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 172.17.0.2. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this messageAH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 172.17.0.2. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message[Mon Jul 15 14:01:55.400472 2019] [mpm_event:notice] [pid 1:tid 140299791516800] AH00489: Apache/2.4.39 (Unix) configured -- resuming normal operations[Mon Jul 15 14:01:55.400615 2019] [core:notice] [pid 1:tid 140299791516800] AH00094: Command line: 'httpd -D FOREGROUND'[Mon Jul 15 14:08:36.798229 2019] [mpm_event:notice] [pid 1:tid 140299791516800] AH00491: caught SIGTERM, shutting downAH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 172.17.0.2. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this messageAH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 172.17.0.2. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message[Mon Jul 15 14:08:38.259870 2019] [mpm_event:notice] [pid 1:tid 139974087980160] AH00489: Apache/2.4.39 (Unix) configured -- resuming normal operations[Mon Jul 15 14:08:38.260007 2019] [core:notice] [pid 1:tid 139974087980160] AH00094: Command line: 'httpd -D FOREGROUND'[Mon Jul 15 14:09:01.540647 2019] [mpm_event:notice] [pid 1:tid 139974087980160] AH00491: caught SIGTERM, shutting downAH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 172.17.0.2. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this messageAH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 172.17.0.2. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message[Mon Jul 15 14:10:43.782606 2019] [mpm_event:notice] [pid 1:tid 140281554879616] AH00489: Apache/2.4.39 (Unix) configured -- resuming normal operations[Mon Jul 15 14:10:43.782737 2019] [core:notice] [pid 1:tid 140281554879616] AH00094: Command line: 'httpd -D FOREGROUND'AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 172.17.0.2. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this messageAH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 172.17.0.2. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message[Mon Jul 15 14:14:08.270906 2019] [mpm_event:notice] [pid 1:tid 140595254346880] AH00489: Apache/2.4.39 (Unix) configured -- resuming normal operations[Mon Jul 15 14:14:08.272628 2019] [core:notice] [pid 1:tid 140595254346880] AH00094: Command line: 'httpd -D FOREGROUND'

搜索镜像在dockerhub上搜索命令中提到的名称的docker镜像。

[email protected]:/home/geekflare$ docker search hadoopNAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATEDsequenceiq/hadoop-docker An easy way to try Hadoop 611 [OK]uhopper/hadoop Base Hadoop image with dynamic configuration… 98 [OK]harisekhon/hadoop Apache Hadoop (HDFS + Yarn, tags 2.2 - 2.8) 54 [OK]bde2020/hadoop-namenode Hadoop namenode of a hadoop cluster 22 [OK]kiwenlau/hadoop Run Hadoop Cluster in Docker Containers 19izone/hadoop Hadoop 2.8.5 Ecosystem fully distributed, Ju… 14 [OK]uhopper/hadoop-namenode Hadoop namenode 9 [OK]bde2020/hadoop-datanode Hadoop datanode of a hadoop cluster 9 [OK]singularities/hadoop Apache Hadoop 8 [OK]uhopper/hadoop-datanode Hadoop datanode 7 [OK]harisekhon/hadoop-dev Apache Hadoop (HDFS + Yarn) + Dev Tools + Gi… 6 [OK]

更新配置更新容器配置。这将显示所有更新选项。

[email protected]:/home/geekflare$ docker update --helpUsage: docker update [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]Update configuration of one or more containersOptions:--blkio-weight uint16 Block IO (relative weight), between 10 and 1000, or 0 to disable(default 0)--cpu-period int Limit CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) period--cpu-quota int Limit CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) quota--cpu-rt-period int Limit the CPU real-time period in microseconds--cpu-rt-runtime int Limit the CPU real-time runtime in microseconds-c, --cpu-shares int CPU shares (relative weight)--cpus decimal Number of CPUs--cpuset-cpus string CPUs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0, 1)--cpuset-mems string MEMs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0, 1)--kernel-memory bytes Kernel memory limit-m, --memory bytes Memory limit--memory-reservation bytes Memory soft limit--memory-swap bytes Swap limit equal to memory plus swap: '-1' to enable unlimited swap--restart string Restart policy to apply when a container exits

运行以下命令以命令中提到的容器ID更新Docker容器的CPU配置。

[email protected]:/home/geekflare$ docker update -c 1 2f6fb33810782f6fb3381078

创建卷创建一个卷, Docker容器将使用该卷来存储数据。

[email protected]:/home/geekflare$ docker volume create7e7bc886f69bb24dbdbf19402e31102a25db91bb29c56cca3ea8b0c611fd9ad0

如果未创建该卷, 请运行以下命令。

[email protected]:/home/geekflare$ docker volume lsDRIVER VOLUME NAMElocal 7e7bc886f69bb24dbdbf19402e31102a25db91bb29c56cca3ea8b0c611fd9ad0

安装插件安装调试环境设置为1.的docker插件vieux / sshfs。

[email protected]:/home/geekflare$ docker plugin install vieux/sshfs DEBUG=1Plugin "vieux/sshfs" is requesting the following privileges:- network: [host]- mount: [/var/lib/docker/plugins/]- mount: []- device: [/dev/fuse]- capabilities: [CAP_SYS_ADMIN]Do you grant the above permissions? [y/N] ylatest: Pulling from vieux/sshfs52d435ada6a4: Download completeDigest: sha256:1d3c3e42c12138da5ef7873b97f7f32cf99fb6edde75fa4f0bcf9ed277855811Status: Downloaded newer image for vieux/sshfs:latestInstalled plugin vieux/sshfsRun the below command to list the docker plugins.[email protected]:/home/geekflare$ docker plugin lsID NAME DESCRIPTION ENABLED2a32d1fb95af vieux/sshfs:latest sshFS plugin for Docker true

docker logout从dockerhub注销。