Ansible临时命令指南，包含示例

本文概述

基本命令
文件传输
管理包
管理服务
检查系统
收集信息

临时命令在Ansible中使用, 可以立即执行任务, 你无需保存它们以备后用。本文都是关于Ansible Ad-hoc命令的。
Ansible中有多个任务, 你无需为此编写单独的Ansible剧本；你只需要为该任务运行ansible ad-hoc命令即可。这些是在目标主机上执行单个任务的单线命令。这些命令位于/ usr / bin / ansible中
通过Ansible Ad-hoc命令可以轻松地对所有主机执行ping操作以检查它们是否正在运行, 复制文件, 重新启动服务器, 安装软件包等任务。这是你必须了解的基本Ansible Ad-hoc命令列表。
基本命令下面的ad-hoc命令在清单文件中的所有主机上运行ping模块。 -m是模块的选项。

[email protected]:/home/geekflare# ansible all -m pingnode1 | SUCCESS => {"ansible_facts": {"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"}, "changed": false, "ping": "pong"}

【Ansible临时命令指南，包含示例】下面提到的命令在一组主机上运行安装程序模块–清单文件” / etc / ansible / hosts” 中的客户端。

[email protected]:/home/geekflare# ansible Client -m setup -a "filter=ansible_distribution*"node1 | SUCCESS => {"ansible_facts": {"ansible_distribution": "Ubuntu", "ansible_distribution_file_parsed": true, "ansible_distribution_file_path": "/etc/os-release", "ansible_distribution_file_variety": "Debian", "ansible_distribution_major_version": "18", "ansible_distribution_release": "cosmic", "ansible_distribution_version": "18.10", "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"}, "changed": false}

以下命令用于提示SSH密码认证。你需要在命令末尾添加–ask-pass选项。运行命令后, 它将要求你输入SSH密码。

[email protected]:/home/geekflare# ansible Client -m ping --ask-passSSH password: node1 | SUCCESS => {"ansible_facts": {"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"}, "changed": false, "ping": "pong"}

以下命令为你提供了以具有root特权的非root用户身份运行ad-hoc命令的功能。 – become选项提供root特权, -K选项要求输入密码。

[email protected]:/home/geekflare# ansible Client -m shell -a 'fdisk -l' -u geekflare --become -KBECOME password: node1 | CHANGED | rc=0 > > Disk /dev/loop0: 14.5 MiB, 15208448 bytes, 29704 sectorsUnits: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk /dev/loop2: 42.1 MiB, 44183552 bytes, 86296 sectorsUnits: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk /dev/loop3: 149.9 MiB, 157184000 bytes, 307000 sectorsUnits: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk /dev/loop5: 140.7 MiB, 147501056 bytes, 288088 sectorsUnits: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk /dev/loop6: 151.2 MiB, 158584832 bytes, 309736 sectorsUnits: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk /dev/loop7: 14.8 MiB, 15458304 bytes, 30192 sectorsUnits: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk /dev/sda: 500 GiB, 536870912000 bytes, 1048576000 sectorsUnits: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisklabel type: dosDisk identifier: 0xcef957f5DeviceBootStartEndSectorsSize Id Type/dev/sda12048462639103 462637056 220.6G 83 Linux/dev/sda2*4626391044645928951953792954M 83 Linux/dev/sda3464592896482168831175759368.4G 82 Linux swap / Solaris/dev/sda4482168832 1048573951 566405120 270.1G 83 LinuxDisk /dev/loop8: 4 MiB, 4218880 bytes, 8240 sectorsUnits: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

此ad-hoc命令用于通过-f选项重新引导系统以定义派生数。

[email protected]:/home/geekflare# ansible Client -a "/sbin/reboot" -f 1

文件传输下面的ansible ad-hoc命令用于将清单文件中定义的一组主机(客户端)的文件从源复制到目的地。输入密码后, 带有” change” 参数的输出将为” true” , 这表示文件已复制到目标位置。

[email protected]:/home/geekflare# ansible Client -m copy -a 'src=http://www.srcmini.com/home/geekflare/nginx.yml dest=/home/geekflare/Desktop/ owner=root mode=0644' -u root --become -KBECOME password: node1 | CHANGED => {"ansible_facts": {"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"}, "changed": true, "checksum": "5631822866afd5f19b928edb3ba018385df22dd3", "dest": "/home/geekflare/Desktop/nginx.yml", "gid": 0, "group": "root", "md5sum": "0d6ffe1069fc25ad4f8ad700277c4634", "mode": "0644", "owner": "root", "size": 280, "src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1562253463.3-214622150088155/source", "state": "file", "uid": 0}

运行以下命令以验证复制模块是否正常工作。复制的文件应位于上一条命令中提到的目标位置。

[email protected]:/home/geekflare# ls Desktop/nginx.yml

我正在创建一个新目录, 以在下一个临时命令中运行获取模块。

[email protected]:/home/geekflare# mkdir example[email protected]:/home/geekflare# lsDesktop Documents example examples.desktop nginx_new.yml nginx.yml

下面的ansible ad-hoc命令用于从命令中定义的主机下载文件。在此命令中, 我们将使用获取模块将文件从node1服务器下载到ansible节点上的本地目标。

[email protected]:/home/geekflare# ansible node1 -m fetch -a 'src=http://www.srcmini.com/etc/sudoers.d/nginx.yml dest=/home/geekflare/example/ flat=yes'node1 | SUCCESS => { "changed": false, "checksum": "5631822866afd5f19b928edb3ba018385df22dd3", "dest": "/home/geekflare/example/nginx.yml", "file": "/etc/sudoers.d/nginx.yml", "md5sum": "0d6ffe1069fc25ad4f8ad700277c4634"}

检查文件是否已在命令中提到的目标位置下载。

[email protected]:/home/geekflare# ls examplenginx.yml

管理包下面提到的命令将nginx安装在使用apt模块提到的一组主机(客户端)上。

[email protected]:/home/geekflare# ansible Client -m apt -a 'name=nginx state=latest' --becomenode1 | SUCCESS => { "ansible_facts": { "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python" }, "cache_update_time": 1562411227, "cache_updated": false, "changed": false}

下面提到的命令使用apt模块删除一组主机(客户端)上的nginx并清除所有相关配置。

[email protected]:/home/geekflare# ansible Client -m apt -a 'name=nginx state=absent purge=yes' --becomenode1 | CHANGED => { "ansible_facts": { "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python" }, "changed": true, "stderr": "", "stderr_lines": [], "stdout": "Reading package lists...\nBuilding dependency tree...\nReading state information...\nThe following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:\n libnginx-mod-http-geoip libnginx-mod-http-image-filter\n libnginx-mod-http-xslt-filter libnginx-mod-mail libnginx-mod-stream\n nginx-common nginx-core\nUse 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them.\nThe following packages will be REMOVED:\n nginx*\n0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 1 to remove and 241 not upgraded.\nAfter this operation, 44.0 kB disk space will be freed.\n(Reading database ... \r(Reading database ... 5%\r(Reading database ... 10%\r(Reading database ... 15%\r(Reading database ... 20%\r(Reading database ... 25%\r(Reading database ... 30%\r(Reading database ... 35%\r(Reading database ... 40%\r(Reading database ... 45%\r(Reading database ... 50%\r(Reading database ... 55%\r(Reading database ... 60%\r(Reading database ... 65%\r(Reading database ... 70%\r(Reading database ... 75%\r(Reading database ... 80%\r(Reading database ... 85%\r(Reading database ... 90%\r(Reading database ... 95%\r(Reading database ... 100%\r(Reading database ... 180191 files and directories currently installed.)\r\nRemoving nginx (1.15.5-0ubuntu2.1) ...\r\n", "stdout_lines": [ "Reading package lists...", "Building dependency tree...", "Reading state information...", "The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:", " libnginx-mod-http-geoip libnginx-mod-http-image-filter", " libnginx-mod-http-xslt-filter libnginx-mod-mail libnginx-mod-stream", " nginx-common nginx-core", "Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them.", "The following packages will be REMOVED:", " nginx*", "0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 1 to remove and 241 not upgraded.", "After this operation, 44.0 kB disk space will be freed.", "(Reading database ... ", "(Reading database ... 5%", "(Reading database ... 10%", "(Reading database ... 15%", "(Reading database ... 20%", "(Reading database ... 25%", "(Reading database ... 30%", "(Reading database ... 35%", "(Reading database ... 40%", "(Reading database ... 45%", "(Reading database ... 50%", "(Reading database ... 55%", "(Reading database ... 60%", "(Reading database ... 65%", "(Reading database ... 70%", "(Reading database ... 75%", "(Reading database ... 80%", "(Reading database ... 85%", "(Reading database ... 90%", "(Reading database ... 95%", "(Reading database ... 100%", "(Reading database ... 180191 files and directories currently installed.)", "Removing nginx (1.15.5-0ubuntu2.1) ..." ]}

管理服务下面的ansible ad-hoc命令运行服务模块以在主机上启动nginx。状态值应启动。

[email protected]:/home/geekflare# ansible Client -m service -a 'name=nginx state=started enabled=yes' --becomenode1 | SUCCESS => { "ansible_facts": { "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python" }, "changed": false, "enabled": true, "name": "nginx", "state": "started", "status": { "ActiveEnterTimestamp": "Sat 2019-07-06 08:28:02 EDT", "ActiveEnterTimestampMonotonic": "31411371", "ActiveExitTimestampMonotonic": "0", "ActiveState": "active", "After": "sysinit.target system.slice systemd-journald.socket basic.target network.target", "AllowIsolate": "no", "AmbientCapabilities": "", "AssertResult": "yes", "AssertTimestamp": "Sat 2019-07-06 08:27:59 EDT", "AssertTimestampMonotonic": "27694868", "Before": "multi-user.target shutdown.target", "BlockIOAccounting": "no", "BlockIOWeight": "[not set]", "CapabilityBoundingSet": "cap_chown cap_dac_override cap_dac_read_search cap_fowner cap_fsetid cap_kill cap_setgid cap_setuid cap_setpcap cap_linux_immutable cap_net_bind_service cap_net_broadcast cap_net_admin cap_net_raw cap_ipc_lock cap_ipc_owner cap_sys_module cap_sys_rawio cap_sys_chroot cap_sys_ptrace cap_sys_pacct cap_sys_admin cap_sys_boot cap_sys_nice cap_sys_resource cap_sys_time cap_sys_tty_config cap_mknod cap_lease cap_audit_write cap_audit_control cap_setfcap cap_mac_override cap_mac_admin cap_syslog cap_wake_alarm cap_block_suspend", "CollectMode": "inactive", "ConditionResult": "yes", "ConditionTimestamp": "Sat 2019-07-06 08:27:59 EDT", "ConditionTimestampMonotonic": "27694867", "ConfigurationDirectoryMode": "0755", "Conflicts": "shutdown.target", "ControlGroup": "/system.slice/nginx.service", "ControlPID": "0", "ExecMainStartTimestamp": "Sat 2019-07-06 08:28:02 EDT", "ExecMainStartTimestampMonotonic": "31411353", "ExecMainStatus": "0", "ExecReload": "{ path=/usr/sbin/nginx ; argv[]=/usr/sbin/nginx -g daemon on; master_process on; -s reload ; ignore_errors=no ; start_time=[n/a] ; stop_time=[n/a] ; pid=0 ; code=(null) ; status=0/0 }", "ExecStart": "{ path=/usr/sbin/nginx ; argv[]=/usr/sbin/nginx -g daemon on; master_process on; ; ignore_errors=no ; start_time=[n/a] ; stop_time=[n/a] ; pid=0 ; code=(null) ; status=0/0 }", "ExecStartPre": "{ path=/usr/sbin/nginx ; argv[]=/usr/sbin/nginx -t -q -g daemon on; master_process on; ; ignore_errors=no ; start_time=[n/a] ; stop_time=[n/a] ; pid=0 ; code=(null) ; status=0/0 }", "ExecStop": "{ path=/sbin/start-stop-daemon ; argv[]=/sbin/start-stop-daemon --quiet --stop --retry QUIT/5 --pidfile /run/nginx.pid ; ignore_errors=yes ; start_time=[n/a] ; stop_time=[n/a] ; pid=0 ; code=(null) ; status=0/0 }", "FailureAction": "none", "FileDescriptorStoreMax": "0", "FragmentPath": "/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service", "GID": "[not set]", "GuessMainPID": "yes", "IOAccounting": "no", "IOSchedulingClass": "0", "IOSchedulingPriority": "0", "IOWeight": "[not set]", }}

下面运行服务模块以在主机上停止Nginx。状态值变为停止。

[email protected]:/home/geekflare# ansible Client -m service -a 'name=nginx state=stopped' --becomenode1 | CHANGED => { "ansible_facts": { "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python" }, "changed": true, "name": "nginx", "state": "stopped", "status": { "ActiveEnterTimestamp": "Sat 2019-07-06 08:28:02 EDT", "ActiveEnterTimestampMonotonic": "31411371", "ActiveExitTimestampMonotonic": "0", "ActiveState": "active", "After": "sysinit.target system.slice systemd-journald.socket basic.target network.target", "AllowIsolate": "no", "AmbientCapabilities": "", "AssertResult": "yes", "AssertTimestamp": "Sat 2019-07-06 08:27:59 EDT", "AssertTimestampMonotonic": "27694868", "Before": "multi-user.target shutdown.target", "BlockIOAccounting": "no", "BlockIOWeight": "[not set]", "CPUAccounting": "no", "CPUQuotaPerSecUSec": "infinity", "CanReload": "yes", "CanStart": "yes", "CanStop": "yes", "CapabilityBoundingSet": "cap_chown cap_dac_override cap_dac_read_search cap_fowner cap_fsetid cap_kill cap_setgid cap_setuid cap_setpcap cap_linux_immutable cap_net_bind_service cap_net_broadcast cap_net_admin cap_net_raw cap_ipc_lock cap_ipc_owner cap_sys_module cap_sys_rawio cap_sys_chroot cap_sys_ptrace cap_sys_pacct cap_sys_admin cap_sys_boot cap_sys_nice cap_sys_resource cap_sys_time cap_sys_tty_config cap_mknod cap_lease cap_audit_write cap_audit_control cap_setfcap cap_mac_override cap_mac_admin cap_syslog cap_wake_alarm cap_block_suspend", "CollectMode": "inactive", "ConditionResult": "yes", "ConditionTimestamp": "Sat 2019-07-06 08:27:59 EDT", "ConditionTimestampMonotonic": "27694867", "ConfigurationDirectoryMode": "0755", "Conflicts": "shutdown.target", "ControlGroup": "/system.slice/nginx.service", "ControlPID": "0", "DefaultDependencies": "yes", "Delegate": "no", "Description": "A high performance web server and a reverse proxy server", "DevicePolicy": "auto", "Documentation": "man:nginx(8)", "DynamicUser": "no", }}

检查系统下面提到的ansible ad-hoc命令运行一个shell模块来检查根分区上可用的磁盘。

[email protected]:/home/geekflare# ansible Client -m shell -a 'df -h /dev/sda2' --becomenode1 | CHANGED | rc=0 > > Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on/dev/sda2 923M 113M 748M 14% /boot

下面提到的此命令运行外壳程序模块以检查主机上的空闲内存(RAM)。

[email protected]:/home/geekflare# ansible Client -m shell -a 'free -m' --becomenode1 | CHANGED | rc=0 > > total used free shared buff/cache availableMem: 5101 854 2760 27 1487 3947Swap: 8581 0 8581

此命令检查每个正在运行的服务器的正常运行时间。

[email protected]:/home/geekflare# ansible Client -a "uptime"node1 | CHANGED | rc=0 > > 11:31:17 up 1 day, 2:40, 2 users, load average: 0.23, 0.05, 0.02

收集信息下面的ansible ad-hoc命令将为你提供系统的所有临时信息, 包括系统中存在的所有变量。

[email protected]:/home/geekflare# ansible all -m setupnode1 | SUCCESS => { "ansible_facts": { "ansible_all_ipv4_addresses": [ "172.17.0.1", "10.0.2.15" ], "ansible_all_ipv6_addresses": [ "fe80::763e:c0b4:14df:b273" ], "ansible_apparmor": { "status": "enabled" }, "ansible_architecture": "x86_64", "ansible_bios_date": "12/01/2006", "ansible_bios_version": "VirtualBox", "ansible_cmdline": { "BOOT_IMAGE": "/vmlinuz-4.18.0-25-generic", "quiet": true, "ro": true, "root": "UUID=5f85d8b7-0ab2-48c9-9e6e-4ecfbcbdaa83", "splash": true }, "ansible_date_time": { "date": "2019-07-07", "day": "07", "epoch": "1562525628", "hour": "14", "iso8601": "2019-07-07T18:53:48Z", "iso8601_basic": "20190707T145348850596", "iso8601_basic_short": "20190707T145348", "iso8601_micro": "2019-07-07T18:53:48.850697Z", "minute": "53", "month": "07", "second": "48", "time": "14:53:48", "tz": "EDT", "tz_offset": "-0400", "weekday": "Sunday", "weekday_number": "0", "weeknumber": "26", "year": "2019" }, "ansible_default_ipv4": { "address": "10.0.2.15", "alias": "enp0s3", "broadcast": "10.0.2.255", "gateway": "10.0.2.2", "interface": "enp0s3", "macaddress": "08:00:27:68:64:9a", "mtu": 1500, "netmask": "255.255.255.0", "network": "10.0.2.0", "type": "ether" }, "ansible_default_ipv6": {}, "ansible_device_links": { "ids": { "sda": [ "ata-VBOX_HARDDISK_VB3a0a2351-0b6c0ed5" ], "sda1": [ "ata-VBOX_HARDDISK_VB3a0a2351-0b6c0ed5-part1" ], "sda2": [ "ata-VBOX_HARDDISK_VB3a0a2351-0b6c0ed5-part2" ], "sda3": [ "ata-VBOX_HARDDISK_VB3a0a2351-0b6c0ed5-part3" ], "sda4": [ "ata-VBOX_HARDDISK_VB3a0a2351-0b6c0ed5-part4" ], "sr0": [ "ata-VBOX_CD-ROM_VB2-01700376" ] }, "labels": { "sr0": [ "VBox_GAs_6.0.2" ] }, "masters": {}, "uuids": { "sda1": [ "5f85d8b7-0ab2-48c9-9e6e-4ecfbcbdaa83" ], "sda2": [ "b8b7f87b-c3bf-48ed-a44c-f9b3ce0afbe5" ], "sda3": [ "a6c77fa6-e292-4a0d-b21f-8804f1949bbd" ], "sda4": [ "8207f970-4d9a-47db-a5d5-f620e5b17b7b" ], "sr0": [ "2019-01-14-14-57-19-65" ] } }, "ansible_devices": { "loop0": { "holders": [], "host": "", "links": { "ids": [], "labels": [], "masters": [], "uuids": [] }, "model": null, "partitions": {}, "removable": "0", "rotational": "1", "sas_address": null, "sas_device_handle": null, "scheduler_mode": "none", "sectors": "29704", "sectorsize": "512", "size": "14.50 MB", "support_discard": "4096", "vendor": null, "virtual": 1 }, "loop1": { "holders": [], "host": "", "links": { "ids": [], "labels": [], "masters": [], "uuids": [] }, "model": null, "partitions": {}, "removable": "0", "rotational": "1", "sas_address": null, "sas_device_handle": null, "scheduler_mode": "none", "sectors": "0", "sectorsize": "512", "size": "0.00 Bytes", "support_discard": "4096", "vendor": null, "virtual": 1 }, }

因此, 这就是Ansible Ad-hoc命令的全部内容。继续并在你的ansible设置上尝试这些命令。使用这些命令来运行ansible模块, 而无需编写任何Ansible剧本来执行那些任务。如果在运行这些命令时遇到任何问题, 请发表评论。