Ansible临时命令指南,包含示例

本文概述

  • 基本命令
  • 文件传输
  • 管理包
  • 管理服务
  • 检查系统
  • 收集信息
临时命令在Ansible中使用, 可以立即执行任务, 你无需保存它们以备后用。本文都是关于Ansible Ad-hoc命令的。
Ansible中有多个任务, 你无需为此编写单独的Ansible剧本;你只需要为该任务运行ansible ad-hoc命令即可。这些是在目标主机上执行单个任务的单线命令。这些命令位于/ usr / bin / ansible中
通过Ansible Ad-hoc命令可以轻松地对所有主机执行ping操作以检查它们是否正在运行, 复制文件, 重新启动服务器, 安装软件包等任务。这是你必须了解的基本Ansible Ad-hoc命令列表。
基本命令下面的ad-hoc命令在清单文件中的所有主机上运行ping模块。 -m是模块的选项。
[email  protected]:/home/geekflare# ansible all -m pingnode1 | SUCCESS => {"ansible_facts": {"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"}, "changed": false, "ping": "pong"}

【Ansible临时命令指南,包含示例】下面提到的命令在一组主机上运行安装程序模块–清单文件” / etc / ansible / hosts” 中的客户端。
[email  protected]:/home/geekflare# ansible Client -m setup -a "filter=ansible_distribution*"node1 | SUCCESS => {"ansible_facts": {"ansible_distribution": "Ubuntu", "ansible_distribution_file_parsed": true, "ansible_distribution_file_path": "/etc/os-release", "ansible_distribution_file_variety": "Debian", "ansible_distribution_major_version": "18", "ansible_distribution_release": "cosmic", "ansible_distribution_version": "18.10", "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"}, "changed": false}

以下命令用于提示SSH密码认证。你需要在命令末尾添加–ask-pass选项。运行命令后, 它将要求你输入SSH密码。
[email  protected]:/home/geekflare# ansible Client -m ping --ask-passSSH password: node1 | SUCCESS => {"ansible_facts": {"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"}, "changed": false, "ping": "pong"}

以下命令为你提供了以具有root特权的非root用户身份运行ad-hoc命令的功能。 – become选项提供root特权, -K选项要求输入密码。
[email  protected]:/home/geekflare# ansible Client -m shell -a 'fdisk -l' -u geekflare --become -KBECOME password: node1 | CHANGED | rc=0 > > Disk /dev/loop0: 14.5 MiB, 15208448 bytes, 29704 sectorsUnits: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk /dev/loop2: 42.1 MiB, 44183552 bytes, 86296 sectorsUnits: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk /dev/loop3: 149.9 MiB, 157184000 bytes, 307000 sectorsUnits: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk /dev/loop5: 140.7 MiB, 147501056 bytes, 288088 sectorsUnits: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk /dev/loop6: 151.2 MiB, 158584832 bytes, 309736 sectorsUnits: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk /dev/loop7: 14.8 MiB, 15458304 bytes, 30192 sectorsUnits: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk /dev/sda: 500 GiB, 536870912000 bytes, 1048576000 sectorsUnits: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisklabel type: dosDisk identifier: 0xcef957f5DeviceBootStartEndSectorsSize Id Type/dev/sda12048462639103 462637056 220.6G 83 Linux/dev/sda2*4626391044645928951953792954M 83 Linux/dev/sda3464592896482168831175759368.4G 82 Linux swap / Solaris/dev/sda4482168832 1048573951 566405120 270.1G 83 LinuxDisk /dev/loop8: 4 MiB, 4218880 bytes, 8240 sectorsUnits: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

此ad-hoc命令用于通过-f选项重新引导系统以定义派生数。
[email  protected]:/home/geekflare# ansible Client -a "/sbin/reboot" -f 1

文件传输下面的ansible ad-hoc命令用于将清单文件中定义的一组主机(客户端)的文件从源复制到目的地。输入密码后, 带有” change” 参数的输出将为” true” , 这表示文件已复制到目标位置。
[email  protected]:/home/geekflare# ansible Client -m copy -a 'src=http://www.srcmini.com/home/geekflare/nginx.yml dest=/home/geekflare/Desktop/ owner=root mode=0644' -u root --become -KBECOME password: node1 | CHANGED => {"ansible_facts": {"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"}, "changed": true, "checksum": "5631822866afd5f19b928edb3ba018385df22dd3", "dest": "/home/geekflare/Desktop/nginx.yml", "gid": 0, "group": "root", "md5sum": "0d6ffe1069fc25ad4f8ad700277c4634", "mode": "0644", "owner": "root", "size": 280, "src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1562253463.3-214622150088155/source", "state": "file", "uid": 0}

运行以下命令以验证复制模块是否正常工作。复制的文件应位于上一条命令中提到的目标位置。
[email  protected]:/home/geekflare# ls Desktop/nginx.yml

我正在创建一个新目录, 以在下一个临时命令中运行获取模块。
[email  protected]:/home/geekflare# mkdir example[email  protected]:/home/geekflare# lsDesktop  Documents  example  examples.desktop  nginx_new.yml  nginx.yml

下面的ansible ad-hoc命令用于从命令中定义的主机下载文件。在此命令中, 我们将使用获取模块将文件从node1服务器下载到ansible节点上的本地目标。
[email  protected]:/home/geekflare# ansible node1 -m fetch -a 'src=http://www.srcmini.com/etc/sudoers.d/nginx.yml dest=/home/geekflare/example/ flat=yes'node1 | SUCCESS => {      "changed": false,       "checksum": "5631822866afd5f19b928edb3ba018385df22dd3",       "dest": "/home/geekflare/example/nginx.yml",       "file": "/etc/sudoers.d/nginx.yml",       "md5sum": "0d6ffe1069fc25ad4f8ad700277c4634"}

检查文件是否已在命令中提到的目标位置下载。
[email  protected]:/home/geekflare# ls examplenginx.yml

管理包下面提到的命令将nginx安装在使用apt模块提到的一组主机(客户端)上。
[email  protected]:/home/geekflare# ansible Client -m apt -a 'name=nginx state=latest' --becomenode1 | SUCCESS => {      "ansible_facts": {              "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"      },       "cache_update_time": 1562411227,       "cache_updated": false,       "changed": false}

下面提到的命令使用apt模块删除一组主机(客户端)上的nginx并清除所有相关配置。
[email  protected]:/home/geekflare# ansible Client -m apt -a 'name=nginx state=absent purge=yes' --becomenode1 | CHANGED => {      "ansible_facts": {              "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"      },       "changed": true,       "stderr": "",       "stderr_lines": [],       "stdout": "Reading package lists...\nBuilding dependency tree...\nReading state information...\nThe following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:\n  libnginx-mod-http-geoip libnginx-mod-http-image-filter\n  libnginx-mod-http-xslt-filter libnginx-mod-mail libnginx-mod-stream\n  nginx-common nginx-core\nUse 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them.\nThe following packages will be REMOVED:\n  nginx*\n0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 1 to remove and 241 not upgraded.\nAfter this operation, 44.0 kB disk space will be freed.\n(Reading database ... \r(Reading database ... 5%\r(Reading database ... 10%\r(Reading database ... 15%\r(Reading database ... 20%\r(Reading database ... 25%\r(Reading database ... 30%\r(Reading database ... 35%\r(Reading database ... 40%\r(Reading database ... 45%\r(Reading database ... 50%\r(Reading database ... 55%\r(Reading database ... 60%\r(Reading database ... 65%\r(Reading database ... 70%\r(Reading database ... 75%\r(Reading database ... 80%\r(Reading database ... 85%\r(Reading database ... 90%\r(Reading database ... 95%\r(Reading database ... 100%\r(Reading database ... 180191 files and directories currently installed.)\r\nRemoving nginx (1.15.5-0ubuntu2.1) ...\r\n",       "stdout_lines": [              "Reading package lists...",               "Building dependency tree...",               "Reading state information...",               "The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:",               "  libnginx-mod-http-geoip libnginx-mod-http-image-filter",               "  libnginx-mod-http-xslt-filter libnginx-mod-mail libnginx-mod-stream",               "  nginx-common nginx-core",               "Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them.",               "The following packages will be REMOVED:",               "  nginx*",               "0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 1 to remove and 241 not upgraded.",               "After this operation, 44.0 kB disk space will be freed.",               "(Reading database ... ",               "(Reading database ... 5%",               "(Reading database ... 10%",               "(Reading database ... 15%",               "(Reading database ... 20%",               "(Reading database ... 25%",               "(Reading database ... 30%",               "(Reading database ... 35%",               "(Reading database ... 40%",               "(Reading database ... 45%",               "(Reading database ... 50%",               "(Reading database ... 55%",               "(Reading database ... 60%",               "(Reading database ... 65%",               "(Reading database ... 70%",               "(Reading database ... 75%",               "(Reading database ... 80%",               "(Reading database ... 85%",               "(Reading database ... 90%",               "(Reading database ... 95%",               "(Reading database ... 100%",               "(Reading database ... 180191 files and directories currently installed.)",               "Removing nginx (1.15.5-0ubuntu2.1) ..."      ]}

管理服务下面的ansible ad-hoc命令运行服务模块以在主机上启动nginx。状态值应启动。
[email  protected]:/home/geekflare# ansible Client -m service -a 'name=nginx state=started enabled=yes' --becomenode1 | SUCCESS => {      "ansible_facts": {              "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"      },       "changed": false,       "enabled": true,       "name": "nginx",       "state": "started",       "status": {              "ActiveEnterTimestamp": "Sat 2019-07-06 08:28:02 EDT",               "ActiveEnterTimestampMonotonic": "31411371",               "ActiveExitTimestampMonotonic": "0",               "ActiveState": "active",               "After": "sysinit.target system.slice systemd-journald.socket basic.target network.target",               "AllowIsolate": "no",               "AmbientCapabilities": "",               "AssertResult": "yes",               "AssertTimestamp": "Sat 2019-07-06 08:27:59 EDT",               "AssertTimestampMonotonic": "27694868",               "Before": "multi-user.target shutdown.target",               "BlockIOAccounting": "no",               "BlockIOWeight": "[not set]",               "CapabilityBoundingSet": "cap_chown cap_dac_override cap_dac_read_search cap_fowner cap_fsetid cap_kill cap_setgid cap_setuid cap_setpcap cap_linux_immutable cap_net_bind_service cap_net_broadcast cap_net_admin cap_net_raw cap_ipc_lock cap_ipc_owner cap_sys_module cap_sys_rawio cap_sys_chroot cap_sys_ptrace cap_sys_pacct cap_sys_admin cap_sys_boot cap_sys_nice cap_sys_resource cap_sys_time cap_sys_tty_config cap_mknod cap_lease cap_audit_write cap_audit_control cap_setfcap cap_mac_override cap_mac_admin cap_syslog cap_wake_alarm cap_block_suspend",               "CollectMode": "inactive",               "ConditionResult": "yes",               "ConditionTimestamp": "Sat 2019-07-06 08:27:59 EDT",               "ConditionTimestampMonotonic": "27694867",               "ConfigurationDirectoryMode": "0755",               "Conflicts": "shutdown.target",               "ControlGroup": "/system.slice/nginx.service",               "ControlPID": "0",               "ExecMainStartTimestamp": "Sat 2019-07-06 08:28:02 EDT",               "ExecMainStartTimestampMonotonic": "31411353",               "ExecMainStatus": "0",               "ExecReload": "{ path=/usr/sbin/nginx ; argv[]=/usr/sbin/nginx -g daemon on; master_process on; -s reload ; ignore_errors=no ; start_time=[n/a] ; stop_time=[n/a] ; pid=0 ; code=(null) ; status=0/0 }",               "ExecStart": "{ path=/usr/sbin/nginx ; argv[]=/usr/sbin/nginx -g daemon on; master_process on; ; ignore_errors=no ; start_time=[n/a] ; stop_time=[n/a] ; pid=0 ; code=(null) ; status=0/0 }",               "ExecStartPre": "{ path=/usr/sbin/nginx ; argv[]=/usr/sbin/nginx -t -q -g daemon on; master_process on; ; ignore_errors=no ; start_time=[n/a] ; stop_time=[n/a] ; pid=0 ; code=(null) ; status=0/0 }",               "ExecStop": "{ path=/sbin/start-stop-daemon ; argv[]=/sbin/start-stop-daemon --quiet --stop --retry QUIT/5 --pidfile /run/nginx.pid ; ignore_errors=yes ; start_time=[n/a] ; stop_time=[n/a] ; pid=0 ; code=(null) ; status=0/0 }",               "FailureAction": "none",               "FileDescriptorStoreMax": "0",               "FragmentPath": "/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service",               "GID": "[not set]",               "GuessMainPID": "yes",               "IOAccounting": "no",               "IOSchedulingClass": "0",               "IOSchedulingPriority": "0",               "IOWeight": "[not set]",       }}

下面运行服务模块以在主机上停止Nginx。状态值变为停止。
[email  protected]:/home/geekflare# ansible Client -m service -a 'name=nginx state=stopped' --becomenode1 | CHANGED => {      "ansible_facts": {              "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"      },       "changed": true,       "name": "nginx",       "state": "stopped",       "status": {              "ActiveEnterTimestamp": "Sat 2019-07-06 08:28:02 EDT",               "ActiveEnterTimestampMonotonic": "31411371",               "ActiveExitTimestampMonotonic": "0",               "ActiveState": "active",               "After": "sysinit.target system.slice systemd-journald.socket basic.target network.target",               "AllowIsolate": "no",               "AmbientCapabilities": "",               "AssertResult": "yes",               "AssertTimestamp": "Sat 2019-07-06 08:27:59 EDT",               "AssertTimestampMonotonic": "27694868",               "Before": "multi-user.target shutdown.target",               "BlockIOAccounting": "no",               "BlockIOWeight": "[not set]",               "CPUAccounting": "no",               "CPUQuotaPerSecUSec": "infinity",               "CanReload": "yes",               "CanStart": "yes",               "CanStop": "yes",               "CapabilityBoundingSet": "cap_chown cap_dac_override cap_dac_read_search cap_fowner cap_fsetid cap_kill cap_setgid cap_setuid cap_setpcap cap_linux_immutable cap_net_bind_service cap_net_broadcast cap_net_admin cap_net_raw cap_ipc_lock cap_ipc_owner cap_sys_module cap_sys_rawio cap_sys_chroot cap_sys_ptrace cap_sys_pacct cap_sys_admin cap_sys_boot cap_sys_nice cap_sys_resource cap_sys_time cap_sys_tty_config cap_mknod cap_lease cap_audit_write cap_audit_control cap_setfcap cap_mac_override cap_mac_admin cap_syslog cap_wake_alarm cap_block_suspend",               "CollectMode": "inactive",               "ConditionResult": "yes",               "ConditionTimestamp": "Sat 2019-07-06 08:27:59 EDT",               "ConditionTimestampMonotonic": "27694867",               "ConfigurationDirectoryMode": "0755",               "Conflicts": "shutdown.target",               "ControlGroup": "/system.slice/nginx.service",               "ControlPID": "0",               "DefaultDependencies": "yes",               "Delegate": "no",               "Description": "A high performance web server and a reverse proxy server",               "DevicePolicy": "auto",               "Documentation": "man:nginx(8)",               "DynamicUser": "no", }}

检查系统下面提到的ansible ad-hoc命令运行一个shell模块来检查根分区上可用的磁盘。
[email  protected]:/home/geekflare# ansible Client -m shell -a 'df -h /dev/sda2' --becomenode1 | CHANGED | rc=0 > > Filesystem          Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on/dev/sda2            923M  113M  748M  14% /boot

下面提到的此命令运行外壳程序模块以检查主机上的空闲内存(RAM)。
[email  protected]:/home/geekflare# ansible Client -m shell -a 'free -m' --becomenode1 | CHANGED | rc=0 > >                           total              used               free          shared  buff/cache    availableMem:                    5101                854              2760                   27              1487              3947Swap:                  8581                    0              8581

此命令检查每个正在运行的服务器的正常运行时间。
[email  protected]:/home/geekflare# ansible Client -a "uptime"node1 | CHANGED | rc=0 > >   11:31:17 up 1 day,   2:40,   2 users,   load average: 0.23, 0.05, 0.02

收集信息下面的ansible ad-hoc命令将为你提供系统的所有临时信息, 包括系统中存在的所有变量。
[email  protected]:/home/geekflare# ansible all -m setupnode1 | SUCCESS => {      "ansible_facts": {              "ansible_all_ipv4_addresses": [                      "172.17.0.1",                       "10.0.2.15"              ],               "ansible_all_ipv6_addresses": [                      "fe80::763e:c0b4:14df:b273"              ],               "ansible_apparmor": {                      "status": "enabled"              },               "ansible_architecture": "x86_64",               "ansible_bios_date": "12/01/2006",               "ansible_bios_version": "VirtualBox",               "ansible_cmdline": {                      "BOOT_IMAGE": "/vmlinuz-4.18.0-25-generic",                       "quiet": true,                       "ro": true,                       "root": "UUID=5f85d8b7-0ab2-48c9-9e6e-4ecfbcbdaa83",                       "splash": true              },               "ansible_date_time": {                      "date": "2019-07-07",                       "day": "07",                       "epoch": "1562525628",                       "hour": "14",                       "iso8601": "2019-07-07T18:53:48Z",                       "iso8601_basic": "20190707T145348850596",                       "iso8601_basic_short": "20190707T145348",                       "iso8601_micro": "2019-07-07T18:53:48.850697Z",                       "minute": "53",                       "month": "07",                       "second": "48",                       "time": "14:53:48",                       "tz": "EDT",                       "tz_offset": "-0400",                       "weekday": "Sunday",                       "weekday_number": "0",                       "weeknumber": "26",                       "year": "2019"              },               "ansible_default_ipv4": {                      "address": "10.0.2.15",                       "alias": "enp0s3",                       "broadcast": "10.0.2.255",                       "gateway": "10.0.2.2",                       "interface": "enp0s3",                       "macaddress": "08:00:27:68:64:9a",                       "mtu": 1500,                       "netmask": "255.255.255.0",                       "network": "10.0.2.0",                       "type": "ether"              },               "ansible_default_ipv6": {},               "ansible_device_links": {                      "ids": {                              "sda": [                                      "ata-VBOX_HARDDISK_VB3a0a2351-0b6c0ed5"                              ],                               "sda1": [                                      "ata-VBOX_HARDDISK_VB3a0a2351-0b6c0ed5-part1"                              ],                               "sda2": [                                      "ata-VBOX_HARDDISK_VB3a0a2351-0b6c0ed5-part2"                              ],                               "sda3": [                                      "ata-VBOX_HARDDISK_VB3a0a2351-0b6c0ed5-part3"                              ],                               "sda4": [                                      "ata-VBOX_HARDDISK_VB3a0a2351-0b6c0ed5-part4"                              ],                               "sr0": [                                      "ata-VBOX_CD-ROM_VB2-01700376"                              ]                      },                       "labels": {                              "sr0": [                                      "VBox_GAs_6.0.2"                              ]                      },                       "masters": {},                       "uuids": {                              "sda1": [                                      "5f85d8b7-0ab2-48c9-9e6e-4ecfbcbdaa83"                              ],                               "sda2": [                                      "b8b7f87b-c3bf-48ed-a44c-f9b3ce0afbe5"                              ],                               "sda3": [                                      "a6c77fa6-e292-4a0d-b21f-8804f1949bbd"                              ],                               "sda4": [                                      "8207f970-4d9a-47db-a5d5-f620e5b17b7b"                              ],                               "sr0": [                                      "2019-01-14-14-57-19-65"                              ]                      }              },               "ansible_devices": {                      "loop0": {                              "holders": [],                               "host": "",                               "links": {                                      "ids": [],                                       "labels": [],                                       "masters": [],                                       "uuids": []                              },                               "model": null,                               "partitions": {},                               "removable": "0",                               "rotational": "1",                               "sas_address": null,                               "sas_device_handle": null,                               "scheduler_mode": "none",                               "sectors": "29704",                               "sectorsize": "512",                               "size": "14.50 MB",                               "support_discard": "4096",                               "vendor": null,                               "virtual": 1                      },                       "loop1": {                              "holders": [],                               "host": "",                               "links": {                                      "ids": [],                                       "labels": [],                                       "masters": [],                                       "uuids": []                              },                               "model": null,                               "partitions": {},                               "removable": "0",                               "rotational": "1",                               "sas_address": null,                               "sas_device_handle": null,                               "scheduler_mode": "none",                               "sectors": "0",                               "sectorsize": "512",                               "size": "0.00 Bytes",                               "support_discard": "4096",                               "vendor": null,                               "virtual": 1                      }, }

因此, 这就是Ansible Ad-hoc命令的全部内容。继续并在你的ansible设置上尝试这些命令。使用这些命令来运行ansible模块, 而无需编写任何Ansible剧本来执行那些任务。如果在运行这些命令时遇到任何问题, 请发表评论。

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