#yyds干货盘点#Python爬虫之Urllib用法合集 _PYTHON爬虫

当筵意气临九霄，星离雨散不终朝。这篇文章主要讲述#yyds干货盘点#Python爬虫之Urllib用法合集相关的知识，希望能为你提供帮助。

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@TOC
一、何为爬虫

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网络爬虫（又被称为网页蜘蛛，网络机器人，在FOAF社区中间，更经常的称为网页追逐者），是一种按照一定的规则，自动地抓取万维网信息的程序或者脚本。
我们平时的上网就是浏览器提交请求-> 下载网页代码-> 解析/渲染成页面。而我们的爬虫就是模拟浏览器发送请求-> 下载网页代码-> 只提取有用的数据-> 存放于数据库或文件中。所以，我们的爬虫程序只提取网页代码中对我们有用的数据。
如果我们把互联网比作一张大的蜘蛛网，那计算机上的数据便是蜘蛛网上的一个猎物，而`爬虫程序就是一只小蜘蛛，沿着蜘蛛网抓取自己想要的数据。
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二、爬虫核心三、爬虫的用途1.数据分析 / 人工数据集
2.社交软件冷启动
3.舆情控制
4.竞争对手监控

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四、爬虫分类 1.通用爬虫：实例：百度、360、google、sougou等搜索引擎‐‐‐伯乐在线
功能：访问网页‐> 抓取数据‐> 数据存储‐> 数据处理‐> 提供检索服务
robots协议一个约定俗成的协议，添加robots.txt文件，来说明本网站哪些内容不可以被抓取，起不到限制作用自己写的爬虫无需遵守
网站排名(SEO)

根据pagerank算法值进行排名（参考个网站流量、点击率等指标）
百度竞价排名

缺点：
1.抓取的数据大多是无用的
2.不能根据用户的需求来精准获取数据
2.聚焦爬虫功能：根据需求，实现爬虫程序，抓取需要的数据
设计思路：
1.确定要爬取的url 如何获取Url
2.模拟浏览器通过http协议访问url，获取服务器返回的html代码如何访问
3.解析html字符串（根据一定规则提取需要的数据）如何解析
五、反爬手段 1.User‐Agent：User Agent中文名为用户代理，简称 UA，它是一个特殊字符串头，使得服务器能够识别客户使用的操作系统及版，urllib库使用 7.请求对象的定制扩展：编码的由来 User Agent中文名为用户代理，简称 UA，它是一个特殊字符串头，使得服务器能够识别客户使用的操作系统及版本、CPU 类型、浏览器及版本、浏览器渲染引擎、浏览器语言、浏览器插件等。
2.代理IP西次代理
快代理
什么是高匿名、匿名和透明代理？它们有什么区别？
1.使用透明代理，对方服务器可以知道你使用了代理，并且也知道你的真实IP。
2.使用匿名代理，对方服务器可以知道你使用了代理，但不知道你的真实IP。
3.使用高匿名代理，对方服务器不知道你使用了代理，更不知道你的真实IP。
3.验证码访问打码平台：云打码平台
4.动态加载网页网站返回的是js数据并不是网页的真实数据
selenium驱动真实的浏览器发送请求
5.数据加密分析js代码
六、.urllib库使用 1.爬取网站界面urllib.request.urlopen() 模拟浏览器向服务器发送请求
response 服务器返回的数据 response的数据类型是HttpResponse

# -*-coding:utf-8 -*- # @Author:到点了,心疼徐哥哥 # 奥利给干！！！ # # 使用urllib获取百度首页源码 import urllib.request# 1.定义一个url 就是要访问的地址 url = https://www.bilibili.com/# 2.模拟浏览器向服务器发送请求 response响应 response = urllib.request.urlopen(url)# 3.获取响应中的页面中的源码 content内容 # read方法返回的是字节形式的二进制字 # 将二进制的数据转换为字符串 # 二进制到字符串解码！ decode(编码的格式) content = response.read().decode(utf-8)# 打印数据 print(content)

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2.一个类型，六个方法

# -*-coding:utf-8 -*- # @Author:到点了,心疼徐哥哥 # 奥利给干！！！ import urllib.requesturl = https://www.bilibili.com/# 模拟浏览器向服务器发送请求 response = urllib.request.urlopen(url)# 一个类型:HTTPResponse # 六个方法:read readline readlines getcode geturl getheader# 返回多少个字节 # content = response.read(5) # print(content)# 读取一行 # content=response.readline() # print(content)# 一行一行的读，直至读完 # content=response.readlines() # print(content)# 返回状态码如果是200，就证明我们的逻辑没有错误 # print(response.getcode())# 返回url地址 # print(response.geturl())# 获取一个状态信息 print(response.getheaders())

3.下载网页、图片and视频【#yyds干货盘点#Python爬虫之Urllib用法合集】网页：

import urllib.request # 下载网页 # url_page=https://www.bilibili.com/ # # url代表的是下载的路径 filename是文件的名字 # 在python中可以是变量的名字也可以是直接写值 # urllib.request.urlretrieve(url_page,bilibili.html)# 后缀很重要

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图片：

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# urllib.request.urlretrieve(url=url_img,filename=xzq.jpg)

视频：

# 下载视频 url_video=https://vd2.bdstatic.com/mda-mj01i9fur5bzkwj7/sc/cae_h264/1633050469983308417/mda-mj01i9fur5bzkwj7.mp4?v_from_s=hkapp-haokan-hnb& auth_key=1633070432-0-0-e7d194ed5654813f4560e2184fbff9e0& bcevod_channel=searchbox_feed& pd=1& pt=3& abtest= urllib.request.urlretrieve(url_video,阅兵.mp4)

七.请求对象的定制UA介绍：User Agent中文名为用户代理，简称 UA，它是一个特殊字符串头，使得服务器能够识别客户使用的操作系统及版本、CPU 类型、浏览器及版本。浏览器内核、浏览器渲染引擎、浏览器语言、浏览器插件等
编码的由来：

# -*-coding:utf-8 -*- # @Author:到点了,心疼徐哥哥 # 奥利给干！！！ import urllib.request import urllib.parseurl = https://www.baidu.com/s?wd= # 请求对象的定制为了解决反爬的第一种手段 headers = User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/94.0.4606.61 Safari/537.36# 将周杰伦三个字变为unicode编码的格式 # 我们需要依赖于urllib.parse name = urllib.parse.quote(薛之谦)url = url + name # print(url)# 请求对象的定制 request = urllib.request.Request(url=url,headers=headers)# 模拟浏览器向服务器发送请求 response = urllib.request.urlopen(request)# 获取响应的内容 content = response.read().decode(utf-8)# 打印数据 print(content)

2.get请求方式：urllib.parse.urlencode（）

# -*-coding:utf-8 -*- # @Author:到点了,心疼徐哥哥 # 奥利给干！！！ # urlencode 应用场景:多个参数的时候 import urllib.request import urllib.parse base_url=https://www.baidu.com/s?data = https://www.songbingjia.com/android/wd:周杰伦, sex:男 new_data = urllib.parse.urlencode(data)# 请求资源路径 url = base_url +new_data# print(new_data) headers = User-Agent:Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/94.0.4606.61 Safari/537.36# 请求对象的定制 request = urllib.request.Request(url=url,headers=headers)# 模拟浏览器向服务器发送请求 response = urllib.request.urlopen(request)# 获取网页源码的数据 content = response.read().decode(utf-8) print(content)

3.post请求方式

# -*-coding:utf-8 -*- # @Author:到点了,心疼徐哥哥 # 奥利给干！！！ import urllib.request import urllib.parseurl = https://fanyi.baidu.com/sug headers = User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/94.0.4606.61 Safari/537.36data = https://www.songbingjia.com/android/kw:spider# post请求的参数必须进行编码 data = urllib.parse.urlencode(data).encode(utf8)# post请求的参数，不会拼接在url的后立案，需要放在请求对象定制的参数中 request = urllib.request.Request(url=url,data=data,headers=headers)# 模拟服务器发送求求 response=urllib.request.urlopen(request)# 获取响应的数据 content = response.read().decode(utf8) # print(content)# post请求的参数必须编码：data = urllib.parse.urlencode(data) # 编码之后必须调用encode方法:data = urllib.parse.urlencode(data).encode(utf8) # 参数是放在请求对象定制的方法中:request = urllib.request.Request(url=url,data=data,headers=headers)# 字符串———》json对象 import jsonobj = json.loads(content) print(obj)