Selenium3自动化测试31Cookie处理

少年恃险若平地，独倚长剑凌清秋。这篇文章主要讲述Selenium3自动化测试31Cookie处理相关的知识，希望能为你提供帮助。
Cookie的属性一般Cookie所具有的属性，包括：
1. Domain：域
Domain：域，表示当前Cookie所属于哪个域或子域下面；对于服务器返回的Set-Cookie中，如果没有指定Domain的值，那么其Domain的值是默认为当前所提交的http的请求所对应的主域名。比如访问 http://www.example.com，返回一个cookie，没有指名domain值，那么其值为默认的www.example.com；
2. Path
Path：表示Cookie的所属路径；
3. Expire time/Max-age
Expire time/Max-age：表示了Cookie的有效期。expire的值，是一个时间，过了这个时间，该Cookie就失效了。或者是用max-age指定当前Cookie是在多长时间之后而失效。如果服务器返回的一个Cookie，没有指定其expire time，那么表明此Cookie有效期只是当前的Session，即是session cookie，当前Session会话结束后，就过期了。对应的，当关闭（浏览器中）该页面的时候，此cookie就被浏览器删除了；
4.secure
secure：表示该Cookie只能用https传输。一般用于包含认证信息的Cookie，要求传输此cookie的时候，必须用https传输；
5.httponly
httponly：表示此Cookie必须用于http或https传输。这意味着，浏览器脚本（比如javascript中）是不允许访问操作Cookie。
对于一些需要输入验证码才能登陆的网站，可以采用Cookie来解决问题。
#仅仅启动浏览器后，观察cookies
driver = webdriver.Firefox()
print(" 仅仅启动浏览器后的cookies == %s" % driver.get_cookies())
driver.quit()

> 结果：Cookies值为空 > 仅仅启动浏览器后的cookies == []**2.获取Cookie（仅仅打开网站）** 打开浏览器，打开51cto的登录页，再获得cookies。

from selenium import webdriver
from time import sleep
【Selenium3自动化测试31Cookie处理】#仅仅启动浏览器后,观察cookies
driver = webdriver.Firefox()
print(" 仅仅启动浏览器后的cookies == %s" % driver.get_cookies())
sleep(2)
driver.get(" https://home.51cto.com/index?reback=http://www.51cto.com/" )
#启动启动浏览器后,打开51cto网站，观察cookies
print(" 打开51cto网站后的cookies == %s" % driver.get_cookies())
sleep(2)
driver.quit()

运行结果，观察到Cookie的内容如下：

打开51cto网站后的
cookies == [name: waf_cookie, value: 95e69c9e-fb7a-4f25c8a6a40e1e70de0d13a1aa4db5c91dac, path: /, domain: home.51cto.com, secure: False, httpOnly: True, name: acw_tc, value: 2760826615830716737054425e572528b6ee0a77b6c7f775925c4cc8da5e38, path: /, domain: home.51cto.com, secure: False, httpOnly: True, expiry: 1585750075, name: phpSESSID, value: g6pfj5a2fsk8mluifre3affm65, path: /, domain: home.51cto.com, secure: False, httpOnly: True, name: _csrf, value: eab71d25bbb517398da316a7767175c406ee473aa513645b039a9d544c87b4b7a%3A2%3A%7Bi%3A0%3Bs%3A5%3A%22_csrf%22%3Bi%3A1%3Bs%3A32%3A%22BMUMbCHkLJaFBgJ7ZWq7RRCqqi1HhqH6%22%3B%7D, path: /, domain: home.51cto.com, secure: False, httpOnly: True, name: _ourplusFirstTime, value: 120-3-1-22-7-54, path: /, domain: home.51cto.com, secure: False, httpOnly: False, expiry: 1619071674, name: _ourplusReturnTime, value: 120-3-1-22-7-54, path: /, domain: home.51cto.com, secure: False, httpOnly: False, expiry: 1619071674, name: _ourplusReturnCount, value: 1, path: /, domain: home.51cto.com, secure: False, httpOnly: False, expiry: 1619071674, name: www51cto, value: 50DD08DE4D45347E6D9C324988918495Xnbn, path: /, domain: .51cto.com, secure: False, httpOnly: False, expiry: 1898431674, name: Hm_lvt_844390da7774b6a92b34d40f8e16f5ac, value: 1583071675, path: /, domain: .home.51cto.com, secure: False, httpOnly: False, expiry: 1614607675, name: Hm_lpvt_844390da7774b6a92b34d40f8e16f5ac, value: 1583071675, path: /, domain: .home.51cto.com, secure: False, httpOnly: False]

**3.获得Cookie（登录后）** 先登录51cto网站，在获得Cookies，运行代码，观察到输出的Cookie有了变化。

from selenium import webdriver
from time import sleep
#仅仅启动浏览器后,观察cookies
driver = webdriver.Firefox()
print(" 仅仅启动浏览器后的cookies == %s" % driver.get_cookies())
sleep(2)
driver.get(" https://home.51cto.com/index?reback=http://www.51cto.com/" )
#启动浏览器后,打开51cto网站，观察cookies
print(" 打开51cto网站后的cookies == %s" % driver.get_cookies())sleep(2)
driver.find_element_by_xpath("//*[@id=login-wechat]/div[3]/a").click()
br/>sleep(2)
driver.find_element_by_xpath("//*[@id=login-wechat]/div[3]/a").click()
" )
driver.find_element_by_xpath(//[@id=" loginform-password" ]).send_keys(" 87654321" )
driver.find_element_by_id(" loginform-password" ).send_keys(" 87654321" )#定义pwd，通过id也可的哦driver.find_element_by_xpath(//*[@id=" login-form" ]/div[4]/input[1]).click()
sleep(2)
print(" 登录51cto网站后的cookies == %s" % driver.get_cookies())
sleep(2)
driver.quit()

结果：

登录51cto网站后的
cookies == [name: www51cto, value: 50DD08DE4D45347E6D9C324988918495Xnbn, path: /, domain: .51cto.com, secure: False, httpOnly: False, expiry: 1898431674, name: pub_sauth1, value: CQZVHBVWBVM6DQQJUA1fPQUGDFdWBQQHVVo, path: /, domain: .51cto.com, secure: False, httpOnly: True, expiry: 1583935680, name: pub_sauth2, value: 83976623bdbfba728859ba24480e9d78, path: /, domain: .51cto.com, secure: False, httpOnly: True, expiry: 1583935680, name: pub_cookietime, value: 864000, path: /, domain: .51cto.com, secure: False, httpOnly: True, expiry: 1583935680, name: pub_wechatopen, value: aG0wVVBdBFIEBQQGWg, path: /, domain: .51cto.com, secure: False, httpOnly: True, expiry: 1585663680, name: pub_sauth3, value: UgQMAFQJVARRWgVWBAMEUwpVUFoAAlpWAlcAWlEHAwMAAl0OVggHVGxQBwFTBVdQBgReDFdSBwEHUwYNAVVUU1FVXQZVWwEFV1sDV1EFUAdWPlcNW1JSAgBTAQA, path: /, domain: .51cto.com, secure: False, httpOnly: True, expiry: 1583935680, name: waf_cookie, value: b6ffca6f-f59f-40e7621bd3c842b5b5f0d84d41de6d6065d6, path: /, domain: www.51cto.com, secure: False, httpOnly: True, name: acw_tc, value: 2760828515830716798753340e43a84ecf598bb85eaeea74247db3f9f4488e, path: /, domain: www.51cto.com, secure: False, httpOnly: True, expiry: 1585750081]

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