Linux yum 命令

赋料扬雄敌，诗看子建亲。这篇文章主要讲述Linux yum 命令相关的知识，希望能为你提供帮助。

概述yum（ Yellow dog Updater, Modified）是一个在Fedora和RedHat以及SUSE中的Shell前端软件包管理器。
基於RPM包管理，能够从指定的服务器自动下载RPM包并且安装，可以自动处理依赖性关系，并且一次安装所有依赖的软体包，无须繁琐地一次次下载、安装。
yum提供了查找、安装、删除某一个、一组甚至全部软件包的命令，而且命令简洁而又好记。
语法

yum [options] [command] [package ...]

options：可选，选项包括-h（帮助），-y（当安装过程提示选择全部为”yes”），-q（不显示安装的过程）等等。
command：要进行的操作。
package操作的对象。

yum常用命令1.列出所有可更新的软件清单命令：yum check-update
2.更新所有软件命令：yum update
3.仅安装指定的软件命令：yum install ?

?<
package_name>
?

?
4.仅更新指定的软件命令：yum update ?

?<
package_name>
?

?
5.列出所有可安裝的软件清单命令：yum list
6.删除软件包命令：yum remove ?

?<
package_name>
?

?
7.查找软件包命令：yum search ?

?<
keyword>
?

?
8.清除缓存命令:

yum clean packages: 清除缓存目录下的软件包
yum clean headers: 清除缓存目录下的 headers
yum clean oldheaders: 清除缓存目录下旧的 headers
yum clean, yum clean all (= yum clean packages; yum clean oldheaders) :清除缓存目录下的软件包及旧的headers

实例安装 pam-devel

[root@www ~]# yum install pam-devel
Setting up Install Process
Parsing package install arguments
Resolving Dependencies< ==先检查软件的属性相依问题
--> Running transaction check
---> Package pam-devel.i386 0:0.99.6.2-4.el5 set to be updated
--> Processing Dependency: pam = 0.99.6.2-4.el5 for package: pam-devel
--> Running transaction check
---> Package pam.i386 0:0.99.6.2-4.el5 set to be updated
filelists.xml.gz100% |=========================| 1.6 MB00:05
filelists.xml.gz100% |=========================| 138 kB00:00
-> Finished Dependency Resolution
……(省略)

移除 pam-devel

[root@www ~]# yum remove pam-devel
Setting up Remove Process
Resolving Dependencies< ==同样的，先解决属性相依的问题
--> Running transaction check
---> Package pam-devel.i386 0:0.99.6.2-4.el5 set to be erased
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

=============================================================================
PackageArchVersionRepositorySize
=============================================================================
Removing:
pam-develi3860.99.6.2-4.el5installed495 k

Transaction Summary
=============================================================================
Install0 Package(s)
Update0 Package(s)
Remove1 Package(s)< ==还好，并没有属性相依的问题，单纯移除一个软件

Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Finished Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
Erasing: pam-devel######################### [1/1]

Removed: pam-devel.i386 0:0.99.6.2-4.el5
Complete!

利用 yum 的功能，找出以 pam 为开头的软件名称有哪些？

[root@www ~]# yum list pam*
Installed Packages
pam.i3860.99.6.2-3.27.el5installed
pam_ccreds.i3863-5installed
pam_krb5.i3862.2.14-1installed
pam_passwdqc.i3861.0.2-1.2.2installed
pam_pkcs11.i3860.5.3-23installed
pam_smb.i3861.1.7-7.2.1installed
Available Packages < ==底下则是『可升级』的或『未安装』的
pam.i3860.99.6.2-4.el5base
pam-devel.i3860.99.6.2-4.el5base
pam_krb5.i3862.2.14-10base

国内 yum 源网易（163）yum源是国内最好的yum源之一，无论是速度还是软件版本，都非常的不错。
将yum源设置为163 yum，可以提升软件包安装和更新的速度，同时避免一些常见软件版本无法找到。
安装步骤首先备份/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo

mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.backup

下载对应版本repo文件, 放入/etc/yum.repos.d/(操作前请做好相应备份)
CentOS5 ：????http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS5-Base-163.repo????
CentOS6 ：????http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS6-Base-163.repo????
运行以下命令生成缓存

yum clean all
yum makecache

CentOS5:

# CentOS-Base.repo
#
# The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the
# update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and
# geographically close to the client.You should use this for CentOS updates
# unless you are manually picking other mirrors.
#
# If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the
# remarked out baseurl= line instead.
#
#

[base]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Base - 163.com
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever& arch=$basearch& repo=os
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5

#released updates
[updates]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Updates - 163.com
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever& arch=$basearch& repo=updates
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5

#packages used/produced in the build but not released
[addons]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Addons - 163.com
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/addons/$basearch/
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever& arch=$basearch& repo=addons
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5

#additional packages that may be useful
[extras]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Extras - 163.com
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever& arch=$basearch& repo=extras
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5

#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages
[centosplus]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Plus - 163.com
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever& arch=$basearch& repo=centosplus
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5

#contrib - packages by Centos Users
[contrib]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Contrib - 163.com
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/contrib/$basearch/
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever& arch=$basearch& repo=contrib
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5

CentOS6:

# CentOS-Base.repo
#
# The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the
# update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and
# geographically close to the client.You should use this for CentOS updates
# unless you are manually picking other mirrors.
#
# If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the
# remarked out baseurl= line instead.
#
#

[base]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Base - 163.com
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever& arch=$basearch& repo=os
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6

#released updates
[updates]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Updates - 163.com
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever& arch=$basearch& repo=updates
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6

#additional packages that may be useful
[extras]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Extras - 163.com
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever& arch=$basearch& repo=extras
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6

#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages
[centosplus]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Plus - 163.com
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever& arch=$basearch& repo=centosplus
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6

#contrib - packages by Centos Users
[contrib]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Contrib - 163.com
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/contrib/$basearch/
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever& arch=$basearch& repo=contrib
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6

其他不错的yum源除了网易之外，国内还有其他不错的yum源，比如中科大和搜狐。
中科大的yum源，安装方法查看：????https://lug.ustc.edu.cn/wiki/mirrors/help/centos????
sohu的yum源安装方法查看: ????http://mirrors.sohu.com/help/centos.html????

【Linux yum 命令】