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专栏介绍 【微服务~远程调用】 目前主要更新微服务，一起学习一起进步。
本期介绍 本期主要介绍RestTemplate基本操作快速入门
文章目录 RestTemplate
概述
搭建环境
基本操作
HttpClient高级
SpringBoot整合HttpClient
概述
配置
测试：get请求
RestTemplate整合HttpClient
案例：管理员登录
分析
数据库
RestTemplate 概述

• RestTemplate是Spring提供的用于访问Rest服务的客户端，RestTemplate提供了多种便捷访问远程Http服务的方法,能够大大提高客户端的编写效率。
  

搭建环境

• 拷贝BaseResult
  
• 编写测试类：TestRest
  

package com.czxy; public class TestRest { }

基本操作 GET请求

• 注意：使用RestTemplate封装数据时，BaseResult必须提供==无参构造==。
  

@Test public void testFindAll(){ String url = "http://localhost:7778/user"; //1 创建对象 RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate(); //2 发送请求并获得数据 ResponseEntity entity = restTemplate.getForEntity(url, BaseResult.class); //3.1 状态 System.out.println(entity.getStatusCode()); //3.2 响应数据 System.out.println(entity.getBody().getData()); }

GET请求：转换泛型异常

• 【云原生|【微服务~远程调用】RestTemplate基本操作快速入门】查询用户时，如果返回类型为BaseResult，默认不支持泛型信息。及不支持 BaseResult>
  
  • 需要使用 exchange 设置具体的泛型信息
    

@Test public void testFindAll2(){ String url = "http://localhost:7778/user"; //1 创建对象 RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate(); //2 发送请求并获得数据 ResponseEntity>> entity = restTemplate.exchange(url, HttpMethod.GET, null, new ParameterizedTypeReference>>() {}); //3 获得响应，并打印 BaseResult> baseResult = entity.getBody(); List data = https://www.it610.com/article/baseResult.getData(); for (User user : data) { System.out.println(user); }}

POST请求

@Test public void testAdd(){ String url = "http://localhost:7778/user"; RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate(); User user = new User(1,"jack","1234",18); ResponseEntity entity = restTemplate.postForEntity(url ,user , BaseResult.class); System.out.println(entity.getStatusCode()); System.out.println(entity.getBody()); }

PUT请求

@Test public void testUpdate(){ String url = "http://localhost:7778/user"; RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate(); User user = new User(1,"jack","1234",18); restTemplate.put(url ,user); System.out.println("修改成功"); }

Delete请求

@Test public void testDelete(){ String url = "http://localhost:7778/user/1"; RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate(); restTemplate.delete(url); System.out.println("删除成功"); }

HttpClient高级 HttpClient 关闭日志输出

• 基于spring boot 测试启动器，自动开启日志输出
  
• spring boot 默认采用logback 进行日志管理的
  
• 如何管理日志输出：关闭日志输出
  
  • 在resources/logback.xml
    

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HttpClient连接池

• 分析
  
  • 使用HttpClients.custom()可以构建自定义 CloseableHttpClient 对象
    
    • setConnectionManager 用于配置连接
      
    • setDefaultRequestConfig 用于配置请求
      
  • 通过PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager 可以为连接配置连接数和并发数
    
  • 通过 RequestConfig.custom() 可以配置各种超时时间
    
• 代码
  

@Test public void testDemo01() throws IOException { //1 配置连接管理 PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager connectionManager = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager(); // 1.1 设置最大连接数 connectionManager.setMaxTotal(1000); // 1.2 设置并发访问数 connectionManager.setDefaultMaxPerRoute(20); //2 请求配置 RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom() .setConnectTimeout(1000) .setConnectionRequestTimeout(500) .setSocketTimeout(10 * 1000) .build(); // 3 获得工具类 CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.custom() .setConnectionManager(connectionManager) .setDefaultRequestConfig(requestConfig) //重定向策略 .setRedirectStrategy(new LaxRedirectStrategy()) .build(); // 4 发送请求 CloseableHttpResponse response = null; try { HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet("http://localhost:7778/user"); response = httpClient.execute(httpGet); if(response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == 200){ String str = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(),"UTF-8"); System.out.println(str); } } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { response.close(); }}

SpringBoot整合HttpClient 概述

• SpringBoot官方并没有对HttpClient的启动器。所以我们需要自己完成配置
  

配置

• 步骤一：修改yml文件，添加连接池配置
  

# http配置 http: maxTotal: 300 defaultMaxPerRoute: 50 connectTimeout: 1000 connectionRequestTimeout: 500 socketTimeout: 5000

• 步骤二： 编写配置类

package com.czxy.config; import lombok.Setter; import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient; import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig; import org.apache.http.conn.HttpClientConnectionManager; import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient; import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients; import org.apache.http.impl.client.LaxRedirectStrategy; import org.apache.http.impl.conn.PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager; import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; @Configuration @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "http") @Setter public class HttpConfig {private Integer maxTotal; private Integer defaultMaxPerRoute; private Integer connectTimeout; private Integer connectionRequestTimeout; private Integer socketTimeout; private Integer staleConnectionCheckEnabled; @Bean public PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager connectionManager(){ //1 配置连接管理 PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager connectionManager = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager(); // 1.1 设置最大连接数 connectionManager.setMaxTotal(maxTotal); // 1.2 设置并发访问数 connectionMan1ager.setDefaultMaxPerRoute(defaultMaxPerRoute); return connectionManager; }@Bean public RequestConfig requestConfig(){ //2 请求配置 RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom() .setConnectTimeout(connectTimeout) .setConnectionRequestTimeout(connectionRequestTimeout) .setSocketTimeout(socketTimeout) .build(); return requestConfig; }@Bean public HttpClient httpClient(HttpClientConnectionManager connectionManager, RequestConfig requestConfig){ // 3 获得工具类 CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.custom() .setConnectionManager(connectionManager) .setDefaultRequestConfig(requestConfig) //重定向策略 .setRedirectStrategy(new LaxRedirectStrategy()) .build(); return httpClient; } }

测试：get请求

package com.czxy; import org.apache.http.HttpResponse; import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient; import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet; import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils; import org.junit.Test; import org.junit.runner.RunWith; import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest; import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner; import javax.annotation.Resource; import java.io.IOException; @RunWith(SpringRunner.class) @SpringBootTest(classes = HttpApplication.class) public class TestBootHttp { @Resource private HttpClient httpClient; @Test public void testDemo01() throws IOException { String url = "http://localhost:7778/user"; HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(url); HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpGet); if(response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == 200){ String str = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity()); System.out.println(str); }}}

RestTemplate整合HttpClient RestTemplate整合HttpClient -- 配置类

package com.czxy.config; import lombok.Setter; import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient; import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig; import org.apache.http.conn.HttpClientConnectionManager; import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient; import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients; import org.apache.http.impl.client.LaxRedirectStrategy; import org.apache.http.impl.conn.PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager; import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import org.springframework.http.client.ClientHttpRequestFactory; import org.springframework.http.client.HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory; import org.springframework.http.converter.HttpMessageConverter; import org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter; import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate; import java.nio.charset.Charset; import java.util.List; /** * @author 桐叔 * @email liangtong@itcast.cn */ @Configuration @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "http") @Setter public class HttpConfig {private Integer maxTotal; private Integer defaultMaxPerRoute; private Integer connectTimeout; private Integer connectionRequestTimeout; private Integer socketTimeout; private Integer staleConnectionCheckEnabled; @Bean public PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager connectionManager(){ //1 配置连接管理 PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager connectionManager = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager(); // 1.1 设置最大连接数 connectionManager.setMaxTotal(maxTotal); // 1.2 设置并发访问数 connectionManager.setDefaultMaxPerRoute(defaultMaxPerRoute); return connectionManager; }@Bean public RequestConfig requestConfig(){ //2 请求配置 RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom() .setConnectTimeout(connectTimeout) .setConnectionRequestTimeout(connectionRequestTimeout) .setSocketTimeout(socketTimeout) .build(); return requestConfig; }@Bean public HttpClient httpClient(HttpClientConnectionManager connectionManager, RequestConfig requestConfig){ // 3 获得工具类 CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.custom() .setConnectionManager(connectionManager) .setDefaultRequestConfig(requestConfig) //重定向策略 .setRedirectStrategy(new LaxRedirectStrategy()) .build(); return httpClient; }@Bean public ClientHttpRequestFactory requestFactory(HttpClient httpClient ){ return new HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory(httpClient); }@Bean public RestTemplate restTemplate(ClientHttpRequestFactory requestFactory){ RestTemplate template = new RestTemplate(requestFactory); //乱码处理 List> list = template.getMessageConverters(); for (HttpMessageConverter mc : list) { if (mc instanceof StringHttpMessageConverter) { ((StringHttpMessageConverter) mc).setDefaultCharset(Charset.forName("UTF-8")); } } return template; }}

测试类

package com.czxy; import com.czxy.domain.User; import com.czxy.vo.BaseResult; import org.junit.Test; import org.junit.runner.RunWith; import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest; import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity; import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner; import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate; import javax.annotation.Resource; @RunWith(SpringRunner.class) @SpringBootTest(classes = HttpApplication.class) public class TestBootRest {@Resource private RestTemplate restTemplate; @Test public void testAdd(){ String url = "http://localhost:7778/user"; User user = new User(1,"jack","1234",18); ResponseEntity entity = restTemplate.postForEntity(url ,user , BaseResult.class); System.out.println(entity.getStatusCode()); System.out.println(entity.getBody()); } }

案例：管理员登录 分析
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数据库

CREATE TABLE t_user( uid INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT, username VARCHAR(50), `password` VARCHAR(32), age INT ); INSERT INTO t_user(uid,username,`password`,age) VALUES(1,'jack','1234',18);

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