0 - 变量和常量 基本数据类型
1.整数:Int
2.浮点数: Double表示64位浮点数,Float表示32位浮点数
3.布尔类型: Bool,布尔值只有 true 和 false 两种
4.字符串: String
5.字符: Character
变量和常量
1.变量:值能被修改,var 修饰
2.常量:值不能被修改,let 修饰var a = 20
a = 10
let b = 20
//b = 10常量不能修改:error:'b' is a 'let' constant
小结
1.会自动推导声明的变量或常量的属性
2.使用【option + 单击】键查看属性的类型// 1.自动推导类型
let str = "ningcol"
let intValue = https://www.it610.com/article/10
let floatValue = 1.2// 2.指定数据类型
let doubleValue:Double = 10
1 - 运算符 赋值运算符
let c = b
加减乘除
1 + 2
5 - 3
2 * 3
10.0 / 2.5
任何情况下都不会做隐式转化,必须以相同类型进行计算
let num1 = 1
let num2 = 2.2
let num3 = Double(num1) + num2
必须要显式类型的转化
let j = 2.2
let i:Float = 1.2
i + Float(j)
求余运算
a % b
负号运算
let minusB = -b
组合赋值运算
a += 2
比较运算
1 == 1
2 != 1
2 > 1
1 < 2
1 >= 1
2 <= 1
三目运算
let d = a > b ? 100 : 200
空合运算(Nil Coalescing Operator)
1.空合运算符( a ?? b )将对可选类型 a 进行空判断
2.如果 aName 为 nil,则执行??后面的,否则执行aName(注意??两边都有空格)var aName: String? = "ningcol"
//var aName: String? = nil
let bName = aName ?? "aNameIsNil"
区间运算
1.闭区间运算符( a...b )定义一个包含从 a 到 b (包括 a 和 b )的所有值的区间
2.半开区间( a..
逻辑运算
1.逻辑非(!a):布尔值取反
2.逻辑与( a && b ):只有 a 和 b 的值都为 true 时,整个表达式的值才会是 true
3.逻辑或( a || b ):两个逻辑表达式的其中一个为 true ,整个表达式就为 truelet allowedEntry = false
let enteredDoorCode = trueif !allowedEntry {
print("ACCESS DENIED")
}if allowedEntry && enteredDoorCode {
print("Welcome!")
} else {
print("ACCESS DENIED")
}if allowedEntry || enteredDoorCode {
print("Welcome!")
} else {
print("ACCESS DENIED")
}
2 - 可选项 可选值:可以有值,可以为nil(用 ? 表示可选值)
// URL 为可选项
let URL = NSURL(string: "http://www.baidu.com/")// str 为可选项
var str: String? = "ningcol"// var 的可选项默认为 nil
var a:Int?
print(a)
if let
// if let : 确保 myUrl 有值,才会进入分支
if let myUrl = URL{
print(myUrl)
}var aName: String? = "ningcol"
// var aName: String? = nil
var aAge: Int? = 18if let name = aName,let age = aAge {
print(name + String(age))
}
// 可以对值进行修改
if var name = aName,let age = aAge {
name = "lisi"
print(name + String(age))}
guard let
1.guard let 和 if let 相反。表示一定有值,没有就直接返回
2.降低分支层次结构
3.playground不能展示效果,要在函数中展示// 创建一个类(详见:10-对象和类)
class test{
func demo(){
let aNick: String? = "ningcol"
let aAge: Int? = 10
guard let nick = aNick ,let age = aAgeelse {
print("nil")
return
}
print("guard let: " + nick + String(age))
}}
var t = test()
t.demo()
强制解包
// 创建一个数组(详见:08-组数)
var dataList:[String]?
dataList = ["zhangsan","lisi"]1.dataList? 表示 datalist 可能为 nil
2.如果为 nil, .count 不会报错,仍然返回 nil
2.如果不为 nil,.count执行,返回数组元素个数
4. ?? 空合运算符(详见:02-运算符)let count = dataList?.count ?? 0// 表示 datalist 一定有值,否则会出错!
let cou = dataList!.count
3 - 条件语句 if语句
1.必须要有大括号
2.没有"非零即真"的概念,只有ture/falselet num = 20
if num > 10{
print("大于10");
}else{
print("小于或等于10")
}
switch
1.值可以是任何类型
2.作用域仅在 case 内部
3.不需要 break
4.每一个 case 都要有代码let name = "nick"switch name {
case "nick":
let age = 18
print("one\\(age)")
case "fil":
print("two")
case "Davi":
print("three")
case "": break//相当于有一行代码
case "tom","ningcol":
print("tomAndNingcol")
default:
print("other")
}
4 - 循环 for循环
// 去掉了C语言风格的循环( ..< 区间运算符,详见:02-预算符)
for i in 0..<10{
print(i)
}print("----步长循环-----")
// 递增(步数为2)
for i in stride(from: 0, to: 12, by: 2) {
print(i)
}
// 递减
for i in stride(from: 12, to: 0, by: -2) {
print(i)
}print("----反序循环----")
let range = 0...10
// 反序循环
for i in range.reversed(){
print(i)
}
while循环
print("----while循环----")
var n = 2
while n < 100 {
n=n * 2
}
print(n)
repeat-while循环
//它和 while 的区别是在判断循环条件之前,先执行一次循环的代码块。然后重复循环直到条件为 false
var m = 2
repeat {
m = m * 2
} while m < 100
print(m)
5 - 字符串 字符串
1.String 结构体,效率比对象高,一般推荐使用,支持遍历
2.NSString 继承NSObjectvar str:String = "Hello你好"
//var st:NSString = "hah"
字节数量
print(str.lengthOfBytes(using: .utf8))
字符串长度
print(str.characters.count)
for a in str.characters{
print(a)
}
字符串拼接
let name:String? = "老王"
let age = 80
let location = "隔壁"
print(location + (name ?? "a") + String(age) + "岁")
//'\\(变量名)' 会自动转换拼接
print("\\(location)\\(name)\\(age)岁")let rect = CGRect(x: 0, y: 0, width: 100, height: 100)
print("\\(rect)")
格式字符串
let h = 13
let m = 5
let s = 9
let timeStr = String(format: "%02d:%02d:%02d", arguments: [h,m,s])
let timeStr1 = String(format: "%02d:%02d:%02d", h,m,s)
String 使用 Range
1.在Swift中使用 Range,最好把 String 改成 NSString
2.str.substring(with: Range) 很麻烦
3. '值 as 类型' 作为类型转换(str as NSString).substring(with: NSMakeRange(2, 5))let index = str.index(str.startIndex, offsetBy: 3)
str.substring(from: index)
// "123"只是用来取到索引位置
str.substring(from: "123".endIndex)
str.substring(to: index)let myRange = str.startIndex..
6 - 元组 元组的元素个数固定,不允许增加、删除
var stu = (404,"小白")
支持嵌套
var msg = ("基本信息", ("李刚",34))
print(stu)
print(msg)var (a,b) = stu
print(a,b)
//如果仅需要元组中的个别的值,可以使用"_"的方式来处理不需要的值
let (c,_) = stu
print(c)//通过序号获得元组的值
print("status is \\(stu.0)")// 可以修改
stu.0 = 500let message = (status: 100, msg:"哈哈")
print("message is \\(message.status)and \\(message.msg)")
数组定义
//方括号 [] 来创建数组
let array1 = ["zhangsan","lisi"]let array2 = [1,2,3,4,5]var array3:[Int] // 定义一个数组(没有初始化)
array3 = [Int]() //初始化
//声明空数组,(必须初始化)
let array4 = [String]()// 等价上面两行代码let array5:[Any] = ["zhangsan","lisi",20]var arr3 = [Double](repeating: 0.0, count: 3) //[0.0, 0.0, 0.0]
var arr4 = Array(repeating: 3.0, count: 3)//[3.0, 3.0, 3.0]var arr: [String] = ["Alex", "Brian", "Dave"]
print(arr.count)
print(arr[0])
数组遍历
for name in array1{
print(name)
}for i in 0..
数组增删改
// 追加
arr.append("ningcol")// 合并(类型必须一致)
let arr1 = ["Evi","Tank"]
arr += arr1// 修改
arr[0] = "Tom"
print(arr)// 删除
arr.removeFirst()
print(arr)arr.remove(at: 2)
print(arr)// 删除全部并保留空间
arr.removeAll(keepingCapacity: true)
print(arr.capacity)//数组容量/***************************容量*************************/
// 容量每次都会在原来基础上 * 2
print("初始容量 \\(array3.capacity)")
for i in 0..<8{
array3.append(i)
print("\\(array3),容量:\\(array3.capacity)")
}
8 - 字典 字典定义
//方括号 [] 来创建字典let dict1 = ["name":"lisi","age":"18"]
// 不同类型必须指明为 any
var dict2:[String:Any] = ["name":"lisi","age":18]let array = [
["name":"lisi","age":"18"],
["name":"wangwu","age":8]
]
print(array)
let array1:[[String:Any]] = [
["name":"lisi","age":"18"],
["name":"wangwu","age":8]
]
print(array1)print(dict2["age"])
字典增删改
// 增加
dict2["sex"] = "man"
print(dict2)
// 修改(通过key来取值,key不存在就是新增)
dict2["name"] = "zhangsan"
print(dict2)
// 删除(直接给key进行删除)
dict2.removeValue(forKey: "age")
print(dict2)
字典遍历
for e in dict2{
//e 为元组
print("字典遍历:\\(e)e.key:\\(e.key)value:\\(e.value)")
}
// key value 可以随意更改
for (key,value) in dict2{
//e 为元组
print("key:\\(key), value:\\(value)")
}
字典合并
var dict3:[String:Any] = ["name":"zhangsan","age":18,"sex":"man"]
let dict4:[String:Any] = ["name":"ningcol","height":50]
// 如果key存在修改不存在会增加
for e in dict4{
dict3[e.key] = dict4[e.key]
}
print("合并dict:" + String(format: "%@", dict3))
9 - 对象和类
// 创建一个类
class Shape {
var numberOfSides = 0
// 定义 simpleDescription 无参方法,返回值为 String 类型
func simpleDescription() -> String {
return "A shape with \\(numberOfSides) sides."
}
}// 实例化
var shape = Shape()
// 赋值
shape.numberOfSides = 7
// 调用方法
var shapeDescription = shape.simpleDescription()//构造函数来初始化类实例
class NamedShape {
var numberOfSides: Int = 0
var name: String
init(name: String) {
self.name = name
}
func simpleDescription() -> String {
return "A shape with \\(numberOfSides) sides."
}
}// 重写父类方法
class Square: NamedShape {
var sideLength: Double
init(sideLength: Double, name: String) {
self.sideLength = sideLength
super.init(name: name)
numberOfSides = 4
}
func area() ->Double {
return sideLength * sideLength
}
// 使用 override
override func simpleDescription() -> String {
return "A square with sides of length \\(sideLength)."
} }
let test = Square(sideLength: 5, name: "my test square")
test.area()
test.simpleDescription()
10 - 控件
// 创建一个 View
let v = UIView(frame: CGRect(x: 0, y: 0, width: 200, height: 200))
let u = UIView()// [UIColor redColor]类方法:直接点出来
v.backgroundColor = UIColor.red// 创建一个按钮
let btn = UIButton(type: .contactAdd)// 将 btn 添加到 View 上
btn.center = v.center
v.addSubview(btw)