前言 pgBackRest是一款开源的备份还原工具，目标旨在为备份和还原提供可靠易用的备份。
特性 并行备份和还原
备份操作期间压缩通常是其瓶颈所在。pgBackRest通过并行处理解决了备份期间压缩出现的瓶颈问题。
本地远程操作
自定义协议允许 pgBackRest以最小化配置通过SSH在本地或者远程执行备份、还原和归档。并且该程序也通过协议层提供了PostgreSQL查询接口，以便于必须要再远程访问PostgreSQL，从而保证了其安全性能。
全量，增量和差异备份
支持全量，增量和差异备份。pgBackRest不受异步时间影响，因此差异和增量备份完全安全。
备份保留策略和和归档过期
支持保留策略设置可以在任意时间创建全备和差异备份的覆盖。
备份完整性
可以计算备份中每个文件的校验和，并在还原期间重新检查。备份完成文件复制后，将等待直到每个WAL段所需的备份保持一致然后存储到备份仓库中。
块校验和
断点备份
流压缩和校验和
增量还原
并行异步WAL Push和Get
表空间重新映射和Link支持
S3存储支持和Azure兼容对象存储支持
加密
使用 安装
解压

[postgres@pgserver12 tools]$ tar -zxf pgbackrest-release-2.31.tar.gz [postgres@pgserver12 tools]$ ls

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创建必要目录

ostgres@sungsasong ~]$ sudo mkdir -p -m 770 /var/log/pgbackrest [postgres@sungsasong ~]$ sudo chown postgres.postgres /var/log/pgbackrest/ [postgres@sungsasong ~]$ sudo mkdir -p /etc/pgbackrest [postgres@sungsasong ~]$ sudo mkdir -p /etc/pgbackrest/conf.d [postgres@sungsasong ~]$ sudo touch /etc/pgbackrest/pgbackrest.conf [postgres@sungsasong ~]$ sudo chmod 640 /etc/pgbackrest/pgbackrest.conf [postgres@sungsasong ~]$ sudo chown postgres.postgres -R /etc/pgbackrest/ [postgres@sungsasong ~]$ sudo mkdir /usr/bin/pgbackrest [postgres@sungsasong ~]$ sudo chown postgres.postgres /usr/bin/pgbackrest/ [postgres@sungsasong ~]$ sudo chmod 755 /usr/bin/pgbackrest/

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编译安装

[postgres@sungsasong src]$ ./configure --prefix=/usr/bin/pgbackrest/ [postgres@sungsasong src]$ make-j24 [postgres@sungsasong src]$ make install -j24 install -d /usr/bin/pgbackrest/bin install -m 755 pgbackrest /usr/bin/pgbackrest/bin

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命令测试

[postgres@sungsasong src]$ /usr/bin/pgbackrest/bin/pgbackrest pgBackRest 2.31 - General helpUsage: pgbackrest [options] [command]Commands: archive-getGet a WAL segment from the archive. archive-pushPush a WAL segment to the archive. backupBackup a database cluster. checkCheck the configuration. expireExpire backups that exceed retention. helpGet help. infoRetrieve information about backups. restoreRestore a database cluster. stanza-createCreate the required stanza data. stanza-deleteDelete a stanza. stanza-upgradeUpgrade a stanza. startAllow pgBackRest processes to run. stopStop pgBackRest processes from running. versionGet version.Use 'pgbackrest help [command]' for more information.

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配置数据库监听和访问及日志（可选）

[postgres@sungsasong pgbackrest-release-2.31]$ egrep "10.10" $PGDATA/pg_hba.conf hostallall10.10.20.0/24trust [postgres@sungsasong pgbackrest-release-2.31]$ egrep -v "^#" $PGDATA/postgresql.auto.conf logging_collector = 'on' listen_addresses = '*'

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配置PostgreSQL数据库数据存储目录

[postgres@sungsasong src]$ cat >>/etc/pgbackrest/pgbackrest.conf < [demo] > pgl-path=/data/pg10/pgdata > EOF

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配置环境变量

[postgres@sungsasong ~]$ echo "export PATH=/usr/bin/pgbackrest/bin:$PATH" >> .bashrc

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创建备份和归档仓库

[postgres@sungsasong ~]$ sudo mkdir -p /pgbackrest/repos [postgres@sungsasong ~]$ sudo chmod 750 /pgbackrest/ -R [postgres@sungsasong ~]$ sudo chown postgres.postgres /pgbackrest/-R

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将仓库路径加载在pgBackRest配置文件中

[postgres@sungsasong ~]$ cat /etc/pgbackrest/pgbackrest.conf [demo] pgl-path=/data/pg10/pgdata[global] repol-path=/pgbackrest/repos

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配置数据库归档

[postgres@sungsasong ~]$ egrep -v "^#" $PGDATA/postgresql.auto.conf logging_collector = 'on' archive_mode = 'on' archive_command = 'pgbackrest --stanza=demo archive-push %p' listen_addresses = '*' log_filename = 'postgresql.log' log_line_prefix = '' max_wal_senders = '3' wal_level = 'replica'

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重新启动数据库

[postgres@sungsasong ~]$ pg_ctlrestart -D $PGDATA -l /tmp/logfile waiting for server to shut down.... done server stopped waiting for server to start.... done server started

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可选配置归档压缩

[postgres@sungsasong ~]$ cat /etc/pgbackrest/pgbackrest.conf [demo] pgl-path=/data/pg10/pgdata[global] repol-path=/pgbackrest/repos[global:archive_push] compress-level=3

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配置基于保留策略的归档

[postgres@sungsasong ~]$ cat /etc/pgbackrest/pgbackrest.conf [demo] pg1-path=/data/pg10/pgdata pg1-host-config-path=/data/pg10/pgbackrest pg1-host-port=22 pg1-host-user=postgres pg1-host=sungsasong pg1-port=10001 pg1-user=postgres[global] repo1-path=/pgbackrest/repos repo1-retention-full=2[global:archive_push] compress-level=3

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创建存储空间并检查配置

[postgres@sungsasong ~]$ pgbackrest --stanza=demo --log-level-console=infostanza-create 2021-01-08 20:42:58.887 P00INFO: stanza-create command begin 2.31: --exec-id=9283-e9744c3e --log-level-console=info --pg1-host=sungsasong --pg1-host-config-path=/data/pg10/pgbackrest --pg1-host-port=22 --pg1-host-user=postgres --pg1-path=/data/pg10/pgdata --pg1-port=10001 --pg1-user=postgres --repo1-path=/pgbackrest/repos --stanza=demo 2021-01-08 20:42:59.835 P00INFO: stanza-create command end: completed successfully (948ms)

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检查配置

[postgres@sungsasong ~]$ pgbackrest --stanza=demo --log-level-console=info check 2021-01-08 21:41:29.851 P00INFO: check command begin 2.31: --exec-id=21648-1862ac0d --log-level-console=info --pg1-path=/data/pg10/pgdata --pg1-port=10001 --pg1-user=postgres --repo1-path=/pgbackrest/repos --stanza=demo 2021-01-08 21:41:32.826 P00INFO: WAL segment 000000010000000000000006 successfully archived to '/pgbackrest/repos/archive/demo/10-1/0000000100000000/000000010000000000000006-2f027934f4f35cd3983ca4b1b7b43c32ab089448.gz' 2021-01-08 21:41:32.826 P00INFO: check command end: completed successfully (2975ms)

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执行备份
默认为增量备份，增量备份将会请求一个基础全备，如果没有基础全备，增量备份将会变更到全备。

pgbackrest --stanza=demo --log-level-console=info backup 2021-01-08 21:43:55.014 P00INFO: backup command begin 2.31: --exec-id=21661-13c54272 --log-level-console=info --pg1-path=/data/pg10/pgdata --pg1-port=10001 --pg1-user=postgres --repo1-path=/pgbackrest/repos --repo1-retention-full=2 --stanza=demo WARN: no prior backup exists, incr backup has been changed to full ... 此处省略很多输出 ... 2021-01-08 21:44:00.951 P00INFO: full backup size = 23.3MB 2021-01-08 21:44:00.951 P00INFO: execute non-exclusive pg_stop_backup() and wait for all WAL segments to archive 2021-01-08 21:44:01.153 P00INFO: backup stop archive = 000000010000000000000008, lsn = 0/8000130 2021-01-08 21:44:01.154 P00INFO: check archive for segment(s) 000000010000000000000008:000000010000000000000008 2021-01-08 21:44:01.273 P00INFO: new backup label = 20210108-214355F 2021-01-08 21:44:01.301 P00INFO: backup command end: completed successfully (6288ms) 2021-01-08 21:44:01.301 P00INFO: expire command begin 2.31: --exec-id=21661-13c54272 --log-level-console=info --repo1-path=/pgbackrest/repos --repo1-retention-full=2 --stanza=demo 2021-01-08 21:44:01.304 P00INFO: expire command end: completed successfully (3ms)

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可以定义备份的类型为增量还是差异备份
【PostgreSQL备份工具 pgBackRest使用】使用—type参数指定

[postgres@sungsasong ~]$ pgbackrest --stanza=demo --log-level-console=info --type=diff backup 2021-01-08 21:47:00.964 P00INFO: backup command begin 2.31: --exec-id=21671-d3f8f8bf --log-level-console=info --pg1-path=/data/pg10/pgdata --pg1-port=10001 --pg1-user=postgres --repo1-path=/pgbackrest/repos --repo1-retention-full=2 --stanza=demo --type=diff 2021-01-08 21:47:01.770 P00INFO: last backup label = 20210108-214355F, version = 2.31 2021-01-08 21:47:01.770 P00INFO: execute non-exclusive pg_start_backup(): backup begins after the next regular checkpoint completes 2021-01-08 21:47:02.309 P00INFO: backup start archive = 00000001000000000000000A, lsn = 0/A000028 2021-01-08 21:47:03.617 P01INFO: backup file /data/pg10/pgdata/global/pg_control (8KB, 99%) checksum 5f020e7df484269ea245041be3228673560184ef 2021-01-08 21:47:03.721 P01INFO: backup file /data/pg10/pgdata/pg_logical/replorigin_checkpoint (8B, 100%) checksum 347fc8f2df71bd4436e38bd1516ccd7ea0d46532 2021-01-08 21:47:03.722 P00INFO: diff backup size = 8KB 2021-01-08 21:47:03.722 P00INFO: execute non-exclusive pg_stop_backup() and wait for all WAL segments to archive 2021-01-08 21:47:03.942 P00INFO: backup stop archive = 00000001000000000000000A, lsn = 0/A0000F8 2021-01-08 21:47:03.943 P00INFO: check archive for segment(s) 00000001000000000000000A:00000001000000000000000A 2021-01-08 21:47:04.062 P00INFO: new backup label = 20210108-214355F_20210108-214701D 2021-01-08 21:47:04.092 P00INFO: backup command end: completed successfully (3129ms) 2021-01-08 21:47:04.092 P00INFO: expire command begin 2.31: --exec-id=21671-d3f8f8bf --log-level-console=info --repo1-path=/pgbackrest/repos --repo1-retention-full=2 --stanza=demo 2021-01-08 21:47:04.095 P00INFO: expire command end: completed successfully (3ms)

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备份信息查看

[postgres@sungsasong ~]$ pgbackrest info stanza: demo status: ok cipher: nonedb (current) wal archive min/max (10-1): 000000010000000000000001/00000001000000000000000Afull backup: 20210108-214355F timestamp start/stop: 2021-01-08 21:43:55 / 2021-01-08 21:44:01 wal start/stop: 000000010000000000000008 / 000000010000000000000008 database size: 23.3MB, backup size: 23.3MB repository size: 2.7MB, repository backup size: 2.7MBdiff backup: 20210108-214355F_20210108-214701D timestamp start/stop: 2021-01-08 21:47:01 / 2021-01-08 21:47:03 wal start/stop: 00000001000000000000000A / 00000001000000000000000A database size: 23.3MB, backup size: 8.2KB repository size: 2.7MB, repository backup size: 425B backup reference list: 20210108-214355F

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还原一个备份
模拟数据库损坏

[postgres@sungsasong ~]$ cd $PGDATA/ [postgres@sungsasong pgdata]$ rm -rf * #100分警告：千万不要拿生产库执行

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执行还原

[postgres@sungsasong pgdata]$ pgbackrest --stanza=demo restore

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重新启动数据库

[postgres@sungsasong pgdata]$ pg_ctlstart -D $PGDATA -l /tmp/logfile waiting for server to start.... done server started [postgres@sungsasong pgdata]$ psql psql (10.13) Type "help" for help.

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以上就是pgbackrest介绍及使用。当前使用的最新版本已经可以支持PostgreSQL13版本，仅仅是文档上标注支持最新到PostgreSQL11版本。感兴趣的同学可以下去试一下。

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