我所知道设计模式之建造者模式

前言需求
接下里介绍的是Java 的设计模式之一:建造者模式
需要建房子:这一过程为打桩、砌墙、封顶
房子有各种各样的,比如普通房,高楼,别墅
各种房子的过程虽然一样,但是要求不要相同的
请问你会怎么制作呢?
一、什么是建造者模式
建造者模式(Builder Pattern):又叫生成器模式,是一种对象构建模式
它可以将复杂对象的建造过程抽象出来(抽象类别),使这个抽象过程的不同实现方法可以构造出不同表现(属性)的对象
建造者模式是一步一步创建一个复杂的对象,它允许用户只通过指定复杂对象的类型和内容就可以构建它们, 用户不需要知道内部的具体构建细节
我所知道设计模式之建造者模式
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二、通过示例说明情况
【我所知道设计模式之建造者模式】我们使用传统的方式解决盖房子问题,一般抽象一个父类出来创建方式
我所知道设计模式之建造者模式
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abstract class AbstractHouse { //打地基 public abstract void buildBasic(); //砌墙 public abstract void buildWalls(); //封顶 public abstract void roofed(); //按照顺序建房子 public void build() { buildBasic(); buildWalls(); roofed(); } }

假如我们是普通的房子就是继承这个父类
class CommonHouse extends AbstractHouse { @Override public void buildBasic() { System.out.println(" 普通房子打地基 "); } @Override public void buildWalls() { System.out.println(" 普通房子砌墙 "); } @Override public void roofed() { System.out.println(" 普通房子封顶 "); } }

当我们创建普通房子的时候,即可直接调用普通房子的实现类即可
public static void main(String[] args) { CommonHouse commonHouse = new CommonHouse(); commonHouse.build(); }运行结果如下: 普通房子打地基 普通房子砌墙 普通房子封顶

传统方式的问题分析
  • 优点是比较好理解,简单易操作
  • 缺点是设计的程序结构,过于简单,没有设计缓存层对象,程序的扩展和维护不好.
也就是说,这种设计方案,把产品(即:房子) 和 创建产品的过程(即:建房子流程) 封装在一起,耦合性增强了。
解决方案:将产品和产品建造过程解耦 => 建造者模式
三、建造者模式的四个角色
  • Product(产品角色): 一个具体的产品对象
  • Builder(抽象建造者): 创建一个 Product 对象的各个部件指定的 接口/抽象类
  • ConcreteBuilder(具体建造者): 实现接口,构建和装配各个部件
  • Director(指挥者): 构建一个使用 Builder 接口的对象
它主要是用于创建一个复杂的对象。
它主要有两个作用:
1:隔离了客户与对象的生产过程
2:负责控制产品对象的生产过程
我所知道设计模式之建造者模式
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比如说这辆车是一个产品,我们只需要将方向盘、轮胎、发动机进行组装
四、建造者模式原理类图
我所知道设计模式之建造者模式
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将对象构造代码从产品类中抽取出来, 并将其放在为生成器的独立对象中
我所知道设计模式之建造者模式
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五、建造者模式解决盖房子问题
使用建造者模式进行优化,我们先根据四个进行类图画一画
我所知道设计模式之建造者模式
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现在我们创建一个产品:房子
// 产 品 ->Product class House { private String baise; //地基 private String wall; //墙 private String roofed; //屋顶 public String getBaise() { return baise; } public void setBaise(String baise) { this.baise = baise; } public String getWall() { return wall; } public void setWall(String wall) { this.wall = wall; } public String getRoofed() { return roofed; } public void setRoofed(String roofed) { this.roofed = roofed; } }

接着我们需要一个建造者,提供建造的流程、组合产品所需方法
// 抽象的建造者 abstract class HouseBuilder { protected House house = new House(); //将建造的流程所需写好, 抽象的方法 public abstract void buildBasic(); public abstract void buildWalls(); public abstract void roofed(); //建造房子好, 将产品(房子) 返回 public House buildHouse() {return house; } }

接下里我们进行普通房子的具体建造者实现
class CommonHouse extends HouseBuilder { @Override public void buildBasic() { System.out.println(" 普通房子打地基 5 米 "); } @Override public void buildWalls() { System.out.println(" 普通房子砌墙 10cm "); } @Override public void roofed() { System.out.println(" 普通房子屋顶 "); } }

至于具体的建造流程,是先砌墙、先弄地基、还是屋顶交给指挥者来决定
//指挥者,这里去指定制作流程,返回产品 class HouseDirector {HouseBuilder houseBuilder = null; //构造器传入 houseBuilder public HouseDirector(HouseBuilder houseBuilder) { this.houseBuilder = houseBuilder; }//通过 setter 传入 houseBuilder public void setHouseBuilder(HouseBuilder houseBuilder) { this.houseBuilder = houseBuilder; }//如何处理建造房子的流程,交给指挥者 public House constructHouse() { houseBuilder.buildBasic(); houseBuilder.buildWalls(); houseBuilder.roofed(); return houseBuilder.buildHouse(); } }

接下里一起使用demo 来体会一下建造者模式下盖普通房、盖高楼有何区别
public static void main(String[] args) {//盖普通房子 CommonHouse commonHouse = new CommonHouse(); //准备创建房子的指挥者 HouseDirector houseDirector = new HouseDirector(commonHouse); //完成盖房子,返回产品(普通房子) House house = houseDirector.constructHouse(); //System.out.println(" 输 出 流 程 "); System.out.println("--------------------------"); }运行结果: 普通房子打地基 5 米 普通房子砌墙 10cm 普通房子屋顶 --------------------------

那么这时我们要盖高楼呢?盖别墅呢?
public static void main(String[] args) {//盖高楼 HighBuilding highBuilding = new HighBuilding(); //准备创建房子的指挥者 HouseDirector houseDirector = new HouseDirector(highBuilding); //完成盖房子,返回产品(高楼) House house = houseDirector.constructHouse(); //System.out.println(" 输 出 流 程 "); System.out.println("--------------------------"); } 运行结果: 高楼的打地基 100 米 高楼的砌墙 20cm 高楼的透明屋顶

相比之前的抽取父类,普通房子与高楼会有一些不同的建造细节
而抽取父类在砌墙、盖屋顶、打地基还可以,若高楼一些别的需求与父类是没有的,那么就可能又要抽取一个高楼的父类
建造者模式呢,只需建造者里提供建造的流程、组合、细节的方法
六、建造者模式在 JDK 的应用和源码分析
我们一起来看看java.lang.StringBuilder中的建造者模式
public static void main(String[] args) { StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder("hello,world"); System.out.println(stringBuilder); }运行结果: hello,world

那么我们一起来看看StringBuilder 这个类是怎么样的呢?
public final class StringBuilder extends AbstractStringBuilder implements java.io.Serializable, CharSequence {static final long serialVersionUID = 4383685877147921099L; public StringBuilder() { super(16); }public StringBuilder(int capacity) { super(capacity); }public StringBuilder(String str) { super(str.length() + 16); append(str); }public StringBuilder(CharSequence seq) { this(seq.length() + 16); append(seq); }@Override public StringBuilder append(Object obj) { return append(String.valueOf(obj)); }@Override public StringBuilder append(String str) { super.append(str); return this; }public StringBuilder append(StringBuffer sb) { super.append(sb); return this; }@Override public StringBuilder append(CharSequence s) { super.append(s); return this; }@Override public StringBuilder append(CharSequence s, int start, int end) { super.append(s, start, end); return this; }@Override public StringBuilder append(char[] str) { super.append(str); return this; }@Override public StringBuilder append(char[] str, int offset, int len) { super.append(str, offset, len); return this; }@Override public StringBuilder append(boolean b) { super.append(b); return this; }@Override public StringBuilder append(char c) { super.append(c); return this; }@Override public StringBuilder append(int i) { super.append(i); return this; }@Override public StringBuilder append(long lng) { super.append(lng); return this; }@Override public StringBuilder append(float f) { super.append(f); return this; }@Override public StringBuilder append(double d) { super.append(d); return this; }@Override public StringBuilder appendCodePoint(int codePoint) { super.appendCodePoint(codePoint); return this; }@Override public StringBuilder delete(int start, int end) { super.delete(start, end); return this; }@Override public StringBuilder deleteCharAt(int index) { super.deleteCharAt(index); return this; }@Override public StringBuilder replace(int start, int end, String str) { super.replace(start, end, str); return this; }@Override public StringBuilder insert(int index, char[] str, int offset, int len) { super.insert(index, str, offset, len); return this; } @Override public StringBuilder insert(int offset, Object obj) { super.insert(offset, obj); return this; } @Override public StringBuilder insert(int offset, String str) { super.insert(offset, str); return this; }@Override public StringBuilder insert(int offset, char[] str) { super.insert(offset, str); return this; }@Override public StringBuilder insert(int dstOffset, CharSequence s) { super.insert(dstOffset, s); return this; }@Override public StringBuilder insert(int dstOffset, CharSequence s, int start, int end) { super.insert(dstOffset, s, start, end); return this; }@Override public StringBuilder insert(int offset, boolean b) { super.insert(offset, b); return this; }@Override public StringBuilder insert(int offset, char c) { super.insert(offset, c); return this; } @Override public StringBuilder insert(int offset, int i) { super.insert(offset, i); return this; } @Override public StringBuilder insert(int offset, long l) { super.insert(offset, l); return this; }@Override public StringBuilder insert(int offset, float f) { super.insert(offset, f); return this; }@Override public StringBuilder insert(int offset, double d) { super.insert(offset, d); return this; }@Override public int indexOf(String str) { return super.indexOf(str); }@Override public int indexOf(String str, int fromIndex) { return super.indexOf(str, fromIndex); }@Override public int lastIndexOf(String str) { return super.lastIndexOf(str); }@Override public int lastIndexOf(String str, int fromIndex) { return super.lastIndexOf(str, fromIndex); }@Override public StringBuilder reverse() { super.reverse(); return this; }@Override public String toString() { // Create a copy, don't share the array return new String(value, 0, count); } private void writeObject(java.io.ObjectOutputStream s) throws java.io.IOException { s.defaultWriteObject(); s.writeInt(count); s.writeObject(value); }private void readObject(java.io.ObjectInputStream s) throws java.io.IOException, ClassNotFoundException { s.defaultReadObject(); count = s.readInt(); value = https://www.it610.com/article/(char[]) s.readObject(); }}

我们发现这个类是final类并继承了AbstractStringBuilder,进去父类看看
abstract class AbstractStringBuilder implements Appendable, CharSequence {char[] value; int count; AbstractStringBuilder() {}AbstractStringBuilder(int capacity) { value = https://www.it610.com/article/new char[capacity]; }@Override public int length() { return count; }public int capacity() { return value.length; } public void ensureCapacity(int minimumCapacity) { if (minimumCapacity> 0) ensureCapacityInternal(minimumCapacity); }private void ensureCapacityInternal(int minimumCapacity) { if (minimumCapacity - value.length > 0) { value = https://www.it610.com/article/Arrays.copyOf(value, newCapacity(minimumCapacity)); } } private static final int MAX_ARRAY_SIZE = Integer.MAX_VALUE - 8; private int newCapacity(int minCapacity) { int newCapacity = (value.length << 1) + 2; if (newCapacity - minCapacity < 0) { newCapacity = minCapacity; } return (newCapacity <= 0 || MAX_ARRAY_SIZE - newCapacity < 0) ? hugeCapacity(minCapacity) : newCapacity; }private int hugeCapacity(int minCapacity) { if (Integer.MAX_VALUE - minCapacity < 0) { // overflow throw new OutOfMemoryError(); } return (minCapacity> MAX_ARRAY_SIZE) ? minCapacity : MAX_ARRAY_SIZE; }public void trimToSize() { if (count < value.length) { value = https://www.it610.com/article/Arrays.copyOf(value, count); } }public void setLength(int newLength) { if (newLength < 0) throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(newLength); ensureCapacityInternal(newLength); if (count < newLength) { Arrays.fill(value, count, newLength,'\0'); }count = newLength; } @Override public char charAt(int index) { if ((index < 0) || (index >= count)) throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(index); return value[index]; }public int codePointAt(int index) { if ((index < 0) || (index >= count)) { throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(index); } return Character.codePointAtImpl(value, index, count); }public int codePointBefore(int index) { int i = index - 1; if ((i < 0) || (i >= count)) { throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(index); } return Character.codePointBeforeImpl(value, index, 0); }public int codePointCount(int beginIndex, int endIndex) { if (beginIndex < 0 || endIndex > count || beginIndex > endIndex) { throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(); } return Character.codePointCountImpl(value, beginIndex, endIndex-beginIndex); }public int offsetByCodePoints(int index, int codePointOffset) { if (index < 0 || index > count) { throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(); } return Character.offsetByCodePointsImpl(value, 0, count, index, codePointOffset); } public void getChars(int srcBegin, int srcEnd, char[] dst, int dstBegin) { if (srcBegin < 0) throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(srcBegin); if ((srcEnd < 0) || (srcEnd > count)) throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(srcEnd); if (srcBegin > srcEnd) throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException("srcBegin > srcEnd"); System.arraycopy(value, srcBegin, dst, dstBegin, srcEnd - srcBegin); } public void setCharAt(int index, char ch) { if ((index < 0) || (index >= count)) throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(index); value[index] = ch; } public AbstractStringBuilder append(Object obj) { return append(String.valueOf(obj)); }public AbstractStringBuilder append(String str) { if (str == null) return appendNull(); int len = str.length(); ensureCapacityInternal(count + len); str.getChars(0, len, value, count); count += len; return this; }public AbstractStringBuilder append(StringBuffer sb) { if (sb == null) return appendNull(); int len = sb.length(); ensureCapacityInternal(count + len); sb.getChars(0, len, value, count); count += len; return this; }AbstractStringBuilder append(AbstractStringBuilder asb) { if (asb == null) return appendNull(); int len = asb.length(); ensureCapacityInternal(count + len); asb.getChars(0, len, value, count); count += len; return this; }@Override public AbstractStringBuilder append(CharSequence s) { if (s == null) return appendNull(); if (s instanceof String) return this.append((String)s); if (s instanceof AbstractStringBuilder) return this.append((AbstractStringBuilder)s); return this.append(s, 0, s.length()); }private AbstractStringBuilder appendNull() { int c = count; ensureCapacityInternal(c + 4); final char[] value = https://www.it610.com/article/this.value; value[c++] ='n'; value[c++] = 'u'; value[c++] = 'l'; value[c++] = 'l'; count = c; return this; }@Override public AbstractStringBuilder append(CharSequence s, int start, int end) { if (s == null) s = "null"; if ((start < 0) || (start > end) || (end > s.length())) throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException( "start " + start + ", end " + end + ", s.length() " + s.length()); int len = end - start; ensureCapacityInternal(count + len); for (int i = start, j = count; i < end; i++, j++) value[j] = s.charAt(i); count += len; return this; } public AbstractStringBuilder append(char[] str) { int len = str.length; ensureCapacityInternal(count + len); System.arraycopy(str, 0, value, count, len); count += len; return this; }public AbstractStringBuilder append(char str[], int offset, int len) { if (len > 0)// let arraycopy report AIOOBE for len < 0 ensureCapacityInternal(count + len); System.arraycopy(str, offset, value, count, len); count += len; return this; }public AbstractStringBuilder append(boolean b) { if (b) { ensureCapacityInternal(count + 4); value[count++] = 't'; value[count++] = 'r'; value[count++] = 'u'; value[count++] = 'e'; } else { ensureCapacityInternal(count + 5); value[count++] = 'f'; value[count++] = 'a'; value[count++] = 'l'; value[count++] = 's'; value[count++] = 'e'; } return this; }@Override public AbstractStringBuilder append(char c) { ensureCapacityInternal(count + 1); value[count++] = c; return this; }public AbstractStringBuilder append(int i) { if (i == Integer.MIN_VALUE) { append("-2147483648"); return this; } int appendedLength = (i < 0) ? Integer.stringSize(-i) + 1 : Integer.stringSize(i); int spaceNeeded = count + appendedLength; ensureCapacityInternal(spaceNeeded); Integer.getChars(i, spaceNeeded, value); count = spaceNeeded; return this; }public AbstractStringBuilder append(long l) { if (l == Long.MIN_VALUE) { append("-9223372036854775808"); return this; } int appendedLength = (l < 0) ? Long.stringSize(-l) + 1 : Long.stringSize(l); int spaceNeeded = count + appendedLength; ensureCapacityInternal(spaceNeeded); Long.getChars(l, spaceNeeded, value); count = spaceNeeded; return this; }public AbstractStringBuilder append(float f) { FloatingDecimal.appendTo(f,this); return this; }public AbstractStringBuilder append(double d) { FloatingDecimal.appendTo(d,this); return this; }public AbstractStringBuilder delete(int start, int end) { if (start < 0) throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(start); if (end > count) end = count; if (start > end) throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(); int len = end - start; if (len > 0) { System.arraycopy(value, start+len, value, start, count-end); count -= len; } return this; }public AbstractStringBuilder appendCodePoint(int codePoint) { final int count = this.count; if (Character.isBmpCodePoint(codePoint)) { ensureCapacityInternal(count + 1); value[count] = (char) codePoint; this.count = count + 1; } else if (Character.isValidCodePoint(codePoint)) { ensureCapacityInternal(count + 2); Character.toSurrogates(codePoint, value, count); this.count = count + 2; } else { throw new IllegalArgumentException(); } return this; }public AbstractStringBuilder deleteCharAt(int index) { if ((index < 0) || (index >= count)) throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(index); System.arraycopy(value, index+1, value, index, count-index-1); count--; return this; }public AbstractStringBuilder replace(int start, int end, String str) { if (start < 0) throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(start); if (start > count) throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException("start > length()"); if (start > end) throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException("start > end"); if (end > count) end = count; int len = str.length(); int newCount = count + len - (end - start); ensureCapacityInternal(newCount); System.arraycopy(value, end, value, start + len, count - end); str.getChars(value, start); count = newCount; return this; } public String substring(int start) { return substring(start, count); }@Override public CharSequence subSequence(int start, int end) { return substring(start, end); }public String substring(int start, int end) { if (start < 0) throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(start); if (end > count) throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(end); if (start > end) throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(end - start); return new String(value, start, end - start); }public AbstractStringBuilder insert(int index, char[] str, int offset, int len) { if ((index < 0) || (index > length())) throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(index); if ((offset < 0) || (len < 0) || (offset > str.length - len)) throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException( "offset " + offset + ", len " + len + ", str.length " + str.length); ensureCapacityInternal(count + len); System.arraycopy(value, index, value, index + len, count - index); System.arraycopy(str, offset, value, index, len); count += len; return this; }public AbstractStringBuilder insert(int offset, Object obj) { return insert(offset, String.valueOf(obj)); }public AbstractStringBuilder insert(int offset, String str) { if ((offset < 0) || (offset > length())) throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(offset); if (str == null) str = "null"; int len = str.length(); ensureCapacityInternal(count + len); System.arraycopy(value, offset, value, offset + len, count - offset); str.getChars(value, offset); count += len; return this; }public AbstractStringBuilder insert(int offset, char[] str) { if ((offset < 0) || (offset > length())) throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(offset); int len = str.length; ensureCapacityInternal(count + len); System.arraycopy(value, offset, value, offset + len, count - offset); System.arraycopy(str, 0, value, offset, len); count += len; return this; }public AbstractStringBuilder insert(int dstOffset, CharSequence s) { if (s == null) s = "null"; if (s instanceof String) return this.insert(dstOffset, (String)s); return this.insert(dstOffset, s, 0, s.length()); }public AbstractStringBuilder insert(int dstOffset, CharSequence s, int start, int end) { if (s == null) s = "null"; if ((dstOffset < 0) || (dstOffset > this.length())) throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("dstOffset "+dstOffset); if ((start < 0) || (end < 0) || (start > end) || (end > s.length())) throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException( "start " + start + ", end " + end + ", s.length() " + s.length()); int len = end - start; ensureCapacityInternal(count + len); System.arraycopy(value, dstOffset, value, dstOffset + len, count - dstOffset); for (int i=start; i> 1; j >= 0; j--) { int k = n - j; char cj = value[j]; char ck = value[k]; value[j] = ck; value[k] = cj; if (Character.isSurrogate(cj) || Character.isSurrogate(ck)) { hasSurrogates = true; } } if (hasSurrogates) { reverseAllValidSurrogatePairs(); } return this; }private void reverseAllValidSurrogatePairs() { for (int i = 0; i < count - 1; i++) { char c2 = value[i]; if (Character.isLowSurrogate(c2)) { char c1 = value[i + 1]; if (Character.isHighSurrogate(c1)) { value[i++] = c1; value[i] = c2; } } } }@Override public abstract String toString(); final char[] getValue() { return value; }}

那么这个父类他是建造者吗?其实不然,因为我们发现他已实现了接口一些方法
public interface Appendable {Appendable append(CharSequence csq) throws IOException; Appendable append(CharSequence csq, int start, int end) throws IOException; Appendable append(char c) throws IOException; }

刚刚在StringBuilder构造器中填入"hello,world",就调用了append
public final class StringBuilder extends AbstractStringBuilder implements java.io.Serializable, CharSequence {static final long serialVersionUID = 4383685877147921099L; public StringBuilder() { super(16); }public StringBuilder(int capacity) { super(capacity); }public StringBuilder(String str) { super(str.length() + 16); append(str); }public StringBuilder(CharSequence seq) { this(seq.length() + 16); append(seq); }}

背后调用的就是继承的父类方法,我们就能发现append其实已实现了
abstract class AbstractStringBuilder implements Appendable, CharSequence {//省略其他关键性代码..... public AbstractStringBuilder append(Object obj) { return append(String.valueOf(obj)); }public AbstractStringBuilder append(String str) { if (str == null) return appendNull(); int len = str.length(); ensureCapacityInternal(count + len); str.getChars(0, len, value, count); count += len; return this; }public AbstractStringBuilder append(StringBuffer sb) { if (sb == null) return appendNull(); int len = sb.length(); ensureCapacityInternal(count + len); sb.getChars(0, len, value, count); count += len; return this; }AbstractStringBuilder append(AbstractStringBuilder asb) { if (asb == null) return appendNull(); int len = asb.length(); ensureCapacityInternal(count + len); asb.getChars(0, len, value, count); count += len; return this; } }

那么怎么理解StringBuilder里的建造者模式,产品、指挥者等这些角色呢?
这里需要阐述一个观点:我们在去查看源码的时候,有可能发现在使用的时候设计模式思想很相似,但形式上又与我们画的类图保持完全的一致
所以我们在这里没有很准确的找到产品、建造者、指挥者、具体建造者
但是建造者模式是什么呢?
建造者模式是一步一步创建一个复杂的对象,它允许用户只通过指定复杂对象的类型和内容就可以构建它们, 用户不需要知道内部的具体构建细节
源码中建造者模式角色分析 所以我们来分析一下StringBuilder在建造者模式下的角色
  • Appendable 接口定义了多个 append 方法(抽象方法)
即 Appendable 为抽象建造者, 定义了抽象方法
  • AbstractStringBuilder 实现了Appendable接口方法
这里的 AbstractStringBuilder已经是建造者,只是不能实例化
  • StringBuilder 即充当了指挥者角色,同时充当了具体的建造者
建造方法的实现是由 AbstractStringBuilder 完成 , 而 StringBuilder 继承了 AbstractStringBuilder
public final class StringBuilder extends AbstractStringBuilder implements java.io.Serializable, CharSequence {//省略其他关键性代码..... @Override public StringBuilder append(String str) { super.append(str); return this; }} //具体建造方法由父类AbstractStringBuilder的方法实现 //建造后返回自己的类型AbstractStringBuilder abstract class AbstractStringBuilder implements Appendable, CharSequence {//省略其他关键性代码.....public AbstractStringBuilder append(String str) { if (str == null) return appendNull(); int len = str.length(); ensureCapacityInternal(count + len); str.getChars(0, len, value, count); count += len; return this; } }

我所知道设计模式之建造者模式
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七、建造者模式的注意事项和细节
客户端(使用程序)不必知道产品内部组成的细节,将产品本身与产品的创建过程解耦,使得相同的创建过程可以创建不同的产品对象
每一个具体建造者都相对独立,而与其他的具体建造者无关,因此可以很方便地替换具体建造者或增加新的具体建造者, 用户使用不同的具体建造者即可得到不同的产品对象
可以更加精细地控制产品的创建过程 。将复杂产品的创建步骤分解在不同的方法中,使得创建过程更加清晰, 也更方便使用程序来控制创建过程
增加新的具体建造者无须修改原有类库的代码,指挥者类针对抽象建造者类编程,系统扩展方便,符合“开闭原则
建造者模式所创建的产品一般具有较多的共同点,其组成部分相似,如果产品之间的差异性很大,则不适合使用建造者模式,因此其使用范围受到一定的限制。
如果产品的内部变化复杂,可能会导致需要定义很多具体建造者类来实现这种变化,导致系统变得很庞大,因此在这种情况下,要考虑是否选择建造者模式
参考资料
尚硅谷:设计模式(韩顺平老师):建造者模式
Refactoring.Guru:《深入设计模式》

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