本文是对Oracle RMAN各类压缩算法的对比测试。 Oracle RMAN的各类压缩算法： Oracle 提供Basic Compression Option（BCO）和Advanced Compression Option（ACO）两种选项，其中ACO又包含HIGH、MEDIUM、LOW三种压缩级别。
2.本次测试环境基本信息 测试环境：AIX 7.1 + Oracle 11.2.0.4 测试数据量：93G

SQL> select sum(bytes/1024/1024/1024) "GB" from dba_segments; GB ---------- 93.4935303

RMAN当前配置选项：

RMAN> show all; using target database control file instead of recovery catalog RMAN configuration parameters for database with db_unique_name jingyudb are: CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO REDUNDANCY 1; # default CONFIGURE BACKUP OPTIMIZATION OFF; # default CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO DISK; # default CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP OFF; # default CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO '%F'; # default CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 1 BACKUP TYPE TO BACKUPSET; # default CONFIGURE DATAFILE BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default CONFIGURE MAXSETSIZE TO UNLIMITED; # default CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION FOR DATABASE OFF; # default CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM 'AES128'; # default CONFIGURE COMPRESSION ALGORITHM 'BASIC' AS OF RELEASE 'DEFAULT' OPTIMIZE FOR LOAD TRUE ; # default CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG DELETION POLICY TO NONE; # default CONFIGURE SNAPSHOT CONTROLFILE NAME TO '+DATA/jingyudb/snapcf_jingyudb.f';

测试环境确认停止业务测试后，在准备期间发现数据库仍有大量job在运行，为了尽可能避免其对测试结果的影响，申请设置参数禁止job运行（注意测试完成后要恢复原始设置）：

SQL> alter system set job_queue_processes=0; System altered.

RMAN备份配置：

CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON; CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 4 BACKUP TYPE TO BACKUPSET;

3.测试步骤 3.1 使用BCO进行压缩备份 RMAN设置压缩备份的类型（默认就是这种压缩备份算法）：

CONFIGURE COMPRESSION ALGORITHM 'BASIC' AS OF RELEASE 'DEFAULT' OPTIMIZE FOR LOAD TRUE ; # default

脚本名称：rman01-basic.sh

echo "=================================================" >> /orabak/rman/rman01-basic.log echo "Begin backup at: `date`" >> /orabak/rman/rman01-basic.log rman target / <> /orabak/rman/rman01-basic.log run { backup as compressed backupset incremental level = 0 filesperset = 3 format='/orabak/rman/Test01-basic_%d_%U' database include current controlfile spfile; } exit; EOF echo "End backup at: `date`" >> /orabak/rman/rman01-basic.log echo "=================================================" >> /orabak/rman/rman01-basic.log exit 0

脚本输出日志：rman01-basic.log

================================================= Begin backup at: Tue Jun2 15:08:03 CST 2020Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Tue Jun 2 15:08:03 2020Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates All rights reserved.connected to target database: jingyudb (DBID=3820045113)RMAN> 2> 3> 4> 5> 6> 7> 8> 9> Starting backup at 02-JUN-20 using target database control file instead of recovery catalog allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=1335 instance=jingyudb1 device type=DISK allocated channel: ORA_DISK_2 channel ORA_DISK_2: SID=1807 instance=jingyudb1 device type=DISK allocated channel: ORA_DISK_3 channel ORA_DISK_3: SID=2187 instance=jingyudb1 device type=DISK allocated channel: ORA_DISK_4 channel ORA_DISK_4: SID=2 instance=jingyudb1 device type=DISK channel ORA_DISK_1: starting compressed incremental level 0 datafile backup set channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set input datafile file number=00007 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/pt_data.1 input datafile file number=00003 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/undotbs1.262.971441603 input datafile file number=00011 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/pt_indx.2 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 02-JUN-20 channel ORA_DISK_2: starting compressed incremental level 0 datafile backup set channel ORA_DISK_2: specifying datafile(s) in backup set input datafile file number=00009 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/pt_indx.1 input datafile file number=00005 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/users.265.971441611 input datafile file number=00008 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/pt_indx channel ORA_DISK_2: starting piece 1 at 02-JUN-20 channel ORA_DISK_3: starting compressed incremental level 0 datafile backup set channel ORA_DISK_3: specifying datafile(s) in backup set input datafile file number=00006 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/pt_data input datafile file number=00004 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/undotbs2.264.971441609 channel ORA_DISK_3: starting piece 1 at 02-JUN-20 channel ORA_DISK_4: starting compressed incremental level 0 datafile backup set channel ORA_DISK_4: specifying datafile(s) in backup set input datafile file number=00010 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/pt_data.2 input datafile file number=00002 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/sysaux.261.971441603 input datafile file number=00001 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/system.260.971441599 channel ORA_DISK_4: starting piece 1 at 02-JUN-20 channel ORA_DISK_2: finished piece 1 at 02-JUN-20 piece handle=/orabak/rman/Test01-basic_jingyudb_2tv1ofmm_1_1 tag=TAG20200602T150805 comment=NONE channel ORA_DISK_2: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:08:25 channel ORA_DISK_2: starting compressed incremental level 0 datafile backup set channel ORA_DISK_2: specifying datafile(s) in backup set including current control file in backup set channel ORA_DISK_2: starting piece 1 at 02-JUN-20 channel ORA_DISK_2: finished piece 1 at 02-JUN-20 piece handle=/orabak/rman/Test01-basic_jingyudb_30v1og6f_1_1 tag=TAG20200602T150805 comment=NONE channel ORA_DISK_2: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01 channel ORA_DISK_2: starting compressed incremental level 0 datafile backup set channel ORA_DISK_2: specifying datafile(s) in backup set including current SPFILE in backup set channel ORA_DISK_2: starting piece 1 at 02-JUN-20 channel ORA_DISK_2: finished piece 1 at 02-JUN-20 piece handle=/orabak/rman/Test01-basic_jingyudb_31v1og6h_1_1 tag=TAG20200602T150805 comment=NONE channel ORA_DISK_2: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01 channel ORA_DISK_3: finished piece 1 at 02-JUN-20 piece handle=/orabak/rman/Test01-basic_jingyudb_2uv1ofmm_1_1 tag=TAG20200602T150805 comment=NONE channel ORA_DISK_3: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:09:52 channel ORA_DISK_4: finished piece 1 at 02-JUN-20 piece handle=/orabak/rman/Test01-basic_jingyudb_2vv1ofmm_1_1 tag=TAG20200602T150805 comment=NONE channel ORA_DISK_4: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:10:12 channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 02-JUN-20 piece handle=/orabak/rman/Test01-basic_jingyudb_2sv1ofmm_1_1 tag=TAG20200602T150805 comment=NONE channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:13:23 Finished backup at 02-JUN-20Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 02-JUN-20 piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/c-3820045113-20200602-05 comment=NONE Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 02-JUN-20RMAN> Recovery Manager complete. End backup at: Tue Jun2 15:21:30 CST 2020 =================================================

3.2 不使用压缩备份 RMAN设置压缩备份的类型：无需设置。 脚本名称：rman02-nocomp.sh

echo "=================================================" >> /orabak/rman/rman02-nocomp.log echo "Begin backup at: `date`" >> /orabak/rman/rman02-nocomp.log rman target / <> /orabak/rman/rman02-nocomp.log run { backup incremental level = 0 filesperset = 3 format='/orabak/rman/Test02-nocomp_%d_%U' database include current controlfile spfile; } exit; EOF echo "End backup at: `date`" >> /orabak/rman/rman02-nocomp.log echo "=================================================" >> /orabak/rman/rman02-nocomp.log exit 0

脚本输出日志：rman02-nocomp.log

================================================= Begin backup at: Tue Jun2 15:47:39 CST 2020Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Tue Jun 2 15:47:39 2020Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates All rights reserved.connected to target database: jingyudb (DBID=3820045113)RMAN> 2> 3> 4> 5> 6> 7> 8> Starting backup at 02-JUN-20 using target database control file instead of recovery catalog allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=1807 instance=jingyudb1 device type=DISK allocated channel: ORA_DISK_2 channel ORA_DISK_2: SID=2187 instance=jingyudb1 device type=DISK allocated channel: ORA_DISK_3 channel ORA_DISK_3: SID=2 instance=jingyudb1 device type=DISK allocated channel: ORA_DISK_4 channel ORA_DISK_4: SID=193 instance=jingyudb1 device type=DISK channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental level 0 datafile backup set channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set input datafile file number=00007 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/pt_data.1 input datafile file number=00003 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/undotbs1.262.971441603 input datafile file number=00011 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/pt_indx.2 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 02-JUN-20 channel ORA_DISK_2: starting incremental level 0 datafile backup set channel ORA_DISK_2: specifying datafile(s) in backup set input datafile file number=00009 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/pt_indx.1 input datafile file number=00005 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/users.265.971441611 input datafile file number=00008 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/pt_indx channel ORA_DISK_2: starting piece 1 at 02-JUN-20 channel ORA_DISK_3: starting incremental level 0 datafile backup set channel ORA_DISK_3: specifying datafile(s) in backup set input datafile file number=00006 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/pt_data input datafile file number=00004 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/undotbs2.264.971441609 channel ORA_DISK_3: starting piece 1 at 02-JUN-20 channel ORA_DISK_4: starting incremental level 0 datafile backup set channel ORA_DISK_4: specifying datafile(s) in backup set input datafile file number=00010 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/pt_data.2 input datafile file number=00002 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/sysaux.261.971441603 input datafile file number=00001 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/system.260.971441599 channel ORA_DISK_4: starting piece 1 at 02-JUN-20 channel ORA_DISK_2: finished piece 1 at 02-JUN-20 piece handle=/orabak/rman/Test02-nocomp_jingyudb_34v1oi0u_1_1 tag=TAG20200602T154742 comment=NONE channel ORA_DISK_2: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:07:08 channel ORA_DISK_2: starting incremental level 0 datafile backup set channel ORA_DISK_2: specifying datafile(s) in backup set channel ORA_DISK_3: finished piece 1 at 02-JUN-20 piece handle=/orabak/rman/Test02-nocomp_jingyudb_35v1oi0v_1_1 tag=TAG20200602T154742 comment=NONE channel ORA_DISK_3: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:07:09 channel ORA_DISK_3: starting incremental level 0 datafile backup set channel ORA_DISK_3: specifying datafile(s) in backup set including current SPFILE in backup set channel ORA_DISK_3: starting piece 1 at 02-JUN-20 channel ORA_DISK_4: finished piece 1 at 02-JUN-20 piece handle=/orabak/rman/Test02-nocomp_jingyudb_36v1oi0v_1_1 tag=TAG20200602T154742 comment=NONE channel ORA_DISK_4: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:07:09 including current control file in backup set channel ORA_DISK_2: starting piece 1 at 02-JUN-20 channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 02-JUN-20 piece handle=/orabak/rman/Test02-nocomp_jingyudb_33v1oi0u_1_1 tag=TAG20200602T154742 comment=NONE channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:07:36 channel ORA_DISK_2: finished piece 1 at 02-JUN-20 piece handle=/orabak/rman/Test02-nocomp_jingyudb_37v1oieb_1_1 tag=TAG20200602T154742 comment=NONE channel ORA_DISK_2: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:25 channel ORA_DISK_3: finished piece 1 at 02-JUN-20 piece handle=/orabak/rman/Test02-nocomp_jingyudb_38v1oiec_1_1 tag=TAG20200602T154742 comment=NONE channel ORA_DISK_3: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:26 Finished backup at 02-JUN-20Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 02-JUN-20 piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/c-3820045113-20200602-06 comment=NONE Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 02-JUN-20RMAN> Recovery Manager complete. End backup at: Tue Jun2 15:55:22 CST 2020 =================================================

3.3 使用ACO中LOW级别进行压缩备份 RMAN设置压缩备份的类型（压缩算法设置为LOW，其他不变）：

CONFIGURE COMPRESSION ALGORITHM 'BASIC' AS OF RELEASE 'DEFAULT' OPTIMIZE FOR LOAD TRUE ; # default CONFIGURE COMPRESSION ALGORITHM 'LOW' AS OF RELEASE 'DEFAULT' OPTIMIZE FOR LOAD TRUE ;

脚本名称：rman03-low.sh

echo "=================================================" >> /orabak/rman/rman03-low.log echo "Begin backup at: `date`" >> /orabak/rman/rman03-low.log rman target / <> /orabak/rman/rman03-low.log run { backup as compressed backupset incremental level = 0 filesperset = 3 format='/orabak/rman/Test03-low_%d_%U' database include current controlfile spfile; } exit; EOF echo "End backup at: `date`" >> /orabak/rman/rman03-low.log echo "=================================================" >> /orabak/rman/rman03-low.log exit 0

脚本输出日志：rman03-low.log

================================================= Begin backup at: Tue Jun2 13:28:37 CST 2020Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Tue Jun 2 13:28:37 2020Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates All rights reserved.connected to target database: jingyudb (DBID=3820045113)RMAN> 2> 3> 4> 5> 6> 7> 8> 9> Starting backup at 02-JUN-20 using target database control file instead of recovery catalog allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=1807 instance=jingyudb1 device type=DISK allocated channel: ORA_DISK_2 channel ORA_DISK_2: SID=2187 instance=jingyudb1 device type=DISK allocated channel: ORA_DISK_3 channel ORA_DISK_3: SID=2 instance=jingyudb1 device type=DISK allocated channel: ORA_DISK_4 channel ORA_DISK_4: SID=193 instance=jingyudb1 device type=DISK channel ORA_DISK_1: starting compressed incremental level 0 datafile backup set channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set input datafile file number=00007 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/pt_data.1 input datafile file number=00003 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/undotbs1.262.971441603 input datafile file number=00011 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/pt_indx.2 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 02-JUN-20 channel ORA_DISK_2: starting compressed incremental level 0 datafile backup set channel ORA_DISK_2: specifying datafile(s) in backup set input datafile file number=00009 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/pt_indx.1 input datafile file number=00005 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/users.265.971441611 input datafile file number=00008 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/pt_indx channel ORA_DISK_2: starting piece 1 at 02-JUN-20 channel ORA_DISK_3: starting compressed incremental level 0 datafile backup set channel ORA_DISK_3: specifying datafile(s) in backup set input datafile file number=00006 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/pt_data input datafile file number=00004 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/undotbs2.264.971441609 channel ORA_DISK_3: starting piece 1 at 02-JUN-20 channel ORA_DISK_4: starting compressed incremental level 0 datafile backup set channel ORA_DISK_4: specifying datafile(s) in backup set input datafile file number=00010 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/pt_data.2 input datafile file number=00002 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/sysaux.261.971441603 input datafile file number=00001 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/system.260.971441599 channel ORA_DISK_4: starting piece 1 at 02-JUN-20 channel ORA_DISK_2: finished piece 1 at 02-JUN-20 piece handle=/orabak/rman/Test03-low_jingyudb_28v1o9s8_1_1 tag=TAG20200602T132839 comment=NONE channel ORA_DISK_2: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:03:45 channel ORA_DISK_2: starting compressed incremental level 0 datafile backup set channel ORA_DISK_2: specifying datafile(s) in backup set including current control file in backup set channel ORA_DISK_2: starting piece 1 at 02-JUN-20 channel ORA_DISK_2: finished piece 1 at 02-JUN-20 piece handle=/orabak/rman/Test03-low_jingyudb_2bv1oa39_1_1 tag=TAG20200602T132839 comment=NONE channel ORA_DISK_2: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03 channel ORA_DISK_2: starting compressed incremental level 0 datafile backup set channel ORA_DISK_2: specifying datafile(s) in backup set including current SPFILE in backup set channel ORA_DISK_2: starting piece 1 at 02-JUN-20 channel ORA_DISK_2: finished piece 1 at 02-JUN-20 piece handle=/orabak/rman/Test03-low_jingyudb_2cv1oa3e_1_1 tag=TAG20200602T132839 comment=NONE channel ORA_DISK_2: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03 channel ORA_DISK_3: finished piece 1 at 02-JUN-20 piece handle=/orabak/rman/Test03-low_jingyudb_29v1o9s8_1_1 tag=TAG20200602T132839 comment=NONE channel ORA_DISK_3: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:04:25 channel ORA_DISK_4: finished piece 1 at 02-JUN-20 piece handle=/orabak/rman/Test03-low_jingyudb_2av1o9s8_1_1 tag=TAG20200602T132839 comment=NONE channel ORA_DISK_4: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:04:55 channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 02-JUN-20 piece handle=/orabak/rman/Test03-low_jingyudb_27v1o9s8_1_1 tag=TAG20200602T132839 comment=NONE channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:05:05 Finished backup at 02-JUN-20Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 02-JUN-20 piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/c-3820045113-20200602-02 comment=NONE Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 02-JUN-20RMAN> Recovery Manager complete. End backup at: Tue Jun2 13:33:46 CST 2020 =================================================

3.4 使用ACO中MEDIUM级别进行压缩备份 RMAN设置压缩备份的类型（压缩算法设置为MEDIUM，其他不变）：

CONFIGURE COMPRESSION ALGORITHM 'BASIC' AS OF RELEASE 'DEFAULT' OPTIMIZE FOR LOAD TRUE ; # default CONFIGURE COMPRESSION ALGORITHM 'MEDIUM' AS OF RELEASE 'DEFAULT' OPTIMIZE FOR LOAD TRUE ;

脚本名称：rman04-medium.sh

echo "=================================================" >> /orabak/rman/rman04-medium.log echo "Begin backup at: `date`" >> /orabak/rman/rman04-medium.log rman target / <> /orabak/rman/rman04-medium.log run { backup as compressed backupset incremental level = 0 filesperset = 3 format='/orabak/rman/Test04-medium_%d_%U' database include current controlfile spfile; } exit; EOF echo "End backup at: `date`" >> /orabak/rman/rman04-medium.log echo "=================================================" >> /orabak/rman/rman04-medium.log exit 0

脚本输出日志：rman04-medium.log

================================================= Begin backup at: Tue Jun2 13:40:22 CST 2020Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Tue Jun 2 13:40:22 2020Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates All rights reserved.connected to target database: jingyudb (DBID=3820045113)RMAN> 2> 3> 4> 5> 6> 7> 8> 9> Starting backup at 02-JUN-20 using target database control file instead of recovery catalog allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=1807 instance=jingyudb1 device type=DISK allocated channel: ORA_DISK_2 channel ORA_DISK_2: SID=2187 instance=jingyudb1 device type=DISK allocated channel: ORA_DISK_3 channel ORA_DISK_3: SID=2 instance=jingyudb1 device type=DISK allocated channel: ORA_DISK_4 channel ORA_DISK_4: SID=193 instance=jingyudb1 device type=DISK channel ORA_DISK_1: starting compressed incremental level 0 datafile backup set channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set input datafile file number=00007 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/pt_data.1 input datafile file number=00003 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/undotbs1.262.971441603 input datafile file number=00011 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/pt_indx.2 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 02-JUN-20 channel ORA_DISK_2: starting compressed incremental level 0 datafile backup set channel ORA_DISK_2: specifying datafile(s) in backup set input datafile file number=00009 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/pt_indx.1 input datafile file number=00005 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/users.265.971441611 input datafile file number=00008 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/pt_indx channel ORA_DISK_2: starting piece 1 at 02-JUN-20 channel ORA_DISK_3: starting compressed incremental level 0 datafile backup set channel ORA_DISK_3: specifying datafile(s) in backup set input datafile file number=00006 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/pt_data input datafile file number=00004 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/undotbs2.264.971441609 channel ORA_DISK_3: starting piece 1 at 02-JUN-20 channel ORA_DISK_4: starting compressed incremental level 0 datafile backup set channel ORA_DISK_4: specifying datafile(s) in backup set input datafile file number=00010 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/pt_data.2 input datafile file number=00002 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/sysaux.261.971441603 input datafile file number=00001 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/system.260.971441599 channel ORA_DISK_4: starting piece 1 at 02-JUN-20 channel ORA_DISK_2: finished piece 1 at 02-JUN-20 piece handle=/orabak/rman/Test04-medium_jingyudb_2fv1oai9_1_1 tag=TAG20200602T134024 comment=NONE channel ORA_DISK_2: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:04:15 channel ORA_DISK_2: starting compressed incremental level 0 datafile backup set channel ORA_DISK_2: specifying datafile(s) in backup set channel ORA_DISK_3: finished piece 1 at 02-JUN-20 piece handle=/orabak/rman/Test04-medium_jingyudb_2gv1oai9_1_1 tag=TAG20200602T134024 comment=NONE channel ORA_DISK_3: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:04:15 channel ORA_DISK_3: starting compressed incremental level 0 datafile backup set channel ORA_DISK_3: specifying datafile(s) in backup set including current SPFILE in backup set channel ORA_DISK_3: starting piece 1 at 02-JUN-20 including current control file in backup set channel ORA_DISK_2: starting piece 1 at 02-JUN-20 channel ORA_DISK_3: finished piece 1 at 02-JUN-20 piece handle=/orabak/rman/Test04-medium_jingyudb_2jv1oaq8_1_1 tag=TAG20200602T134024 comment=NONE channel ORA_DISK_3: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01 channel ORA_DISK_2: finished piece 1 at 02-JUN-20 piece handle=/orabak/rman/Test04-medium_jingyudb_2iv1oaq8_1_1 tag=TAG20200602T134024 comment=NONE channel ORA_DISK_2: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01 channel ORA_DISK_4: finished piece 1 at 02-JUN-20 piece handle=/orabak/rman/Test04-medium_jingyudb_2hv1oai9_1_1 tag=TAG20200602T134024 comment=NONE channel ORA_DISK_4: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:05:01 channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 02-JUN-20 piece handle=/orabak/rman/Test04-medium_jingyudb_2ev1oai9_1_1 tag=TAG20200602T134024 comment=NONE channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:05:51 Finished backup at 02-JUN-20Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 02-JUN-20 piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/c-3820045113-20200602-03 comment=NONE Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 02-JUN-20RMAN> Recovery Manager complete. End backup at: Tue Jun2 13:46:18 CST 2020 =================================================

3.5 使用ACO中HIGH级别进行压缩备份 RMAN设置压缩备份的类型（压缩算法设置为HIGH，其他不变）：

CONFIGURE COMPRESSION ALGORITHM 'BASIC' AS OF RELEASE 'DEFAULT' OPTIMIZE FOR LOAD TRUE ; # default CONFIGURE COMPRESSION ALGORITHM 'HIGH' AS OF RELEASE 'DEFAULT' OPTIMIZE FOR LOAD TRUE ;

脚本名称：rman05-high.sh

echo "=================================================" >> /orabak/rman/rman05-high.log echo "Begin backup at: `date`" >> /orabak/rman/rman05-high.log rman target / <> /orabak/rman/rman05-high.log run { backup as www.jintianxuesha.com compressed backupset incremental level = 0 filesperset = 3 format='/orabak /rman/Test05-high_%d_%U' database include current www.yuchengyule.com controlfile spfile; } exit; EOF echo "End backup at: `date`" >> /orabak/rman/rman05-high.log echo "www.pinguo2yl.comwww.yunzeyle.cn=================================================" >> /orabak/rman/rman05-high.log exit 0脚本输出日志：rman05-high.log ================================================= Begin backup at: Tue Jun2 13:49:57 CST 2020Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Tue Jun 2 13:49:57 2020Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates All rights reserved.connected to target database: jingyudb (DBID=3820045113)RMAN> 2> 3> 4> 5> 6> 7> 8> 9> Starting backup at 02-JUN-20 using target database control file instead of recovery catalog allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=1807 instance=jingyudb1 device type=DISK allocated channel: ORA_DISK_2 channel ORA_DISK_2: SID=2187 instance=jingyudb1 device type=DISK allocated channel: ORA_DISK_3 channel ORA_DISK_3: SID=2 instance=jingyudb1 device type=DISK allocated channel: ORA_DISK_4 channel ORA_DISK_4: SID=193 instance=jingyudb1 device type=DISK channel ORA_DISK_1: starting compressed incremental level 0 datafile backup set channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set input datafile file number=00007 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/pt_data.1 input datafile file number=00003 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/undotbs1.262.971441603 input datafile file number=00011 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/pt_indx.2 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 02-JUN-20 channel ORA_DISK_2: starting compressed incremental level 0 datafile backup set channel ORA_DISK_2: specifying datafile(s) in backup set input datafile file number=00009 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/pt_indx.1 input datafile file number=00005 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/users.265.971441611 input datafile file number=00008 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/pt_indx channel ORA_DISK_2: starting piece 1 at 02-JUN-20 channel ORA_DISK_3: starting compressed incremental level 0 datafile backup set channel ORA_DISK_3: www.jinliyld.cn specifying datafile(s) in backup set input datafile file number=00006 name=www.letianhuanchao.cn +DATA/jingyudb/datafile/pt_data input datafile file number=00004 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/undotbs2.264.971441609 channel ORA_DISK_3: starting piece 1 at 02-JUN-20 channel ORA_DISK_4: starting compressed incremental level 0 datafile backup set channel ORA_DISK_4: specifying datafile(s) in backup set input datafile file number=00010 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/pt_data.2 input datafile file number=00002 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/sysaux.261.971441603 input datafile file number=00001 name=+DATA/jingyudb/datafile/system.260.971441599 channel ORA_DISK_4: starting piece 1 at 02-JUN-20 channel ORA_DISK_2: finished piece 1 at 02-JUN-20 piece handle=/orabak/rman/Test05-high_jingyudb_2mv1ob48_1_1 tag=TAG20200602T134959 comment=NONE channel ORA_DISK_2: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:24:25 channel ORA_DISK_2: www.yachengyl.cn starting compressed incremental level 0 datafile backup set channel ORA_DISK_2:www.51kunlunyule.com specifying datafile(s) in backup set including current control file in backup set channel ORA_DISK_2: starting piece 1 at 02-JUN-20 channel ORA_DISK_2: finished piece 1 at 02-JUN-20 piece handle=/orabak/rman/Test05-high_jingyudb_2pv1oci1_1_1 tag=TAG20200602T134959 comment=NONE channel ORA_DISK_2: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01 channel ORA_DISK_2: starting compressed incremental level 0 datafile backup set channel ORA_DISK_2: specifying datafile(s) in backup set including current SPFILE in backup set channel ORA_DISK_2: starting piece 1 at 02-JUN-20 channel ORA_DISK_2: finished piece 1 at 02-JUN-20 piece handle=/orabak/rman/Test05-high_jingyudb_2qv1oci3_1_1 tag=TAG20200602T134959 comment=NONE channel ORA_DISK_2: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01 channel ORA_DISK_3: finished piece 1 at 02-JUN-20 piece handle=/orabak/rman/Test05-high_jingyudb_2nv1ob48_1_1 tag=TAG20200602T134959 comment=NONE channel ORA_DISK_3: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:46:52 channel ORA_DISK_4: finished piece 1 at 02-JUN-20 piece handle=/orabak/rman/Test05-high_jingyudb_2ov1ob48_1_1 tag=TAG20200602T134959 comment=NONE channel ORA_DISK_4: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:53:13 channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 02-JUN-20 piece handle=/orabak/rman/Test05-high_jingyudb_2lv1ob47_1_1 tag=TAG20200602T134959 comment=NONE channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:58:23 Finished backup at 02-JUN-20Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 02-JUN-20 piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/c-3820045113-20200602-04 comment=NONE Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 02-JUN-20RMAN> Recovery Manager complete. End backup at: Tue Jun2 14:48:24 CST 2020 =================================================

4.各类备份方式对比分析 根据实际测试的结果，对比各类备份方式的差异。
4.1 生成备份文件大小差异

$ du -sg Test01-basic*|awk '{a+=$1}END{print a}' 17.31 $ du -sg Test02-nocomp*|awk '{a+=$1}END{print a}' 90.21 $ du -sg Test03-low*|awk '{a+=$1}END{print a}' 20.58 $ du -sg Test04-medium*|awk '{a+=$1}END{print a}' 16.67 $ du -sg Test05-high*|awk '{a+=$1}END{print a}' 10.49

从本次测试结果来看，当前环境下，各类备份方式生成备份文件大小：
不使用压缩（90.21G） > ACO-low（20.58G） > BCO-basic（17.31G） > ACO-medium（16.67G） > ACO-high（10.49G）。
4.2 备份时长差异

$BCO-basic（13分27秒） Begin backup at: Tue Jun2 15:08:03 CST 2020 End backup at: Tue Jun2 15:21:30 CST 2020$不使用压缩（7分43秒） Begin backup at: Tue Jun2 15:47:39 CST 2020 End backup at: Tue Jun2 15:55:22 CST 2020$ACO-low（5分9秒） Begin backup at: Tue Jun2 13:28:37 CST 2020 End backup at: Tue Jun2 13:33:46 CST 2020$ACO-medium（5分56秒） Begin backup at: Tue Jun2 13:40:22 CST 2020 End backup at: Tue Jun2 13:46:18 CST 2020$ACO-high（58分27秒） Begin backup at: Tue Jun2 13:49:57 CST 2020 End backup at: Tue Jun2 14:48:24 CST 2020

从本次测试结果来看，当前环境下，各类备份方式备份时长差异：ACO-high（58分27秒） > BCO-basic（13分27秒） > 不使用压缩（7分43秒） > ACO-medium（5分56秒） > ACO-low（5分9秒）。
4.3 备份CPU资源差异 使用OSW采集到的数据进行分析，只需关注 13:00 - 16:00 这个时间区间内的情况。

java -Duser.language=en -Duser.country=us -jar oswbba.jar -i /Users/jingyuzhao/Documents/oswbb/archive/ -b Jun 2 13:00:00 2020 -e Jun 2 16:00:00 2020

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综上，可以看到CPU主要都是User消耗的：在使用ACO-low备份期间（13:28:37 - 13:33:46），CPU使用率为10%左右；在使用ACO-medium备份期间（13:40:22 - 13:46:18），CPU使用率为37%左右；在使用ACO-high备份期间（13:49:57 - 14:48:24），CPU使用率为40%左右；在使用BCO-basic压缩备份期间（15:08:03 - 15:21:30），CPU使用率为40%左右；在不使用压缩备份期间（15:47:39 - 15:55:22），CPU使用率为1%左右。
4.4 备份Memory资源差异
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综上，可以看到Memory的free实际在几次备份看不出明显差异，从swap使用来看也同样没有明显差异（上下浮动不到100MB）。从现有的内存监控数据来看，各类备份看不出对内存有明显的差异。
4.5 备份IO资源差异
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综上，可以看到IO主要集中在hdisk0、hdisk1、hdisk2三块盘：在使用ACO-low备份期间（13:28:37 - 13:33:46），IO使用率为100%左右；在使用ACO-medium备份期间（13:40:22 - 13:46:18），IO使用率为100%左右；在使用ACO-high备份期间（13:49:57 - 14:48:24），IO使用率平均在15%左右；在使用BCO-basic压缩备份期间（15:08:03 - 15:21:30），IO使用率为50%左右；在不使用压缩备份期间（15:47:39 - 15:55:22），IO使用率为100%左右。
5.总结 本文档对5种类型的备份方式分别进行了实际测试和对比分析，下面将相关结论总结为下表：

备份时间	压缩类型	备份时长	备份文件大小	CPU使用	Memory	IO
13:28:37 - 13:33:46	ACO-low	5分9秒	20.58GB	10%	不明显	100%
13:40:22 - 13:46:18	ACO-medium	5分56秒	16.67GB	37%	不明显	100%
13:49:57 - 14:48:24	ACO-high	58分27秒	10.49GB	40%	不明显	15%
15:08:03 - 15:21:30	BCO-basic	13分27秒	17.31GB	40%	不明显	50%
15:47:39 - 15:55:22	不使用压缩	7分43秒	90.21GB	1%	不明显	100%

【本次测试环境基本信息】整体来看，如果没有特殊的需求，BCO的basic已经可以满足需求；如果确认选用ACO，可以看到ACO-low级别CPU使用率最低，备份文件要比BCO-basic偏大；ACO-medium级别在CPU使用率、备份时长、备份文件大小都要比BCO-basic有所提升；而ACO-high级别的备份，虽然备份文件是最小的，但消耗时间过长，要谨慎使用。
另外需要特别说明的是，Oracle官方也在文档中明确提到，不同压缩级别的性能具体表现如何，取决于实际环境，所以本文测试结论只局限于该测试环境和数据情况，如果其他环境需要选择，还需要针对性进行测试。

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