EventBus事件总线模式如下图:
文章图片
本文主要从两个方面介绍源码:
1. 订阅者是如何注册到事件中心的;
2. 发布者发布了事件之后,事件中心是如何将事件调用到合适的订阅方法的。
订阅者注册到事件中心 订阅者注册到事件中心需要调用如下代码:
EventBus.gtetDefault().register(this)
订阅者可以是任何对象,唯一的要求是内部有@Subscribe修饰的方法,该方法是有一定要求的,这可以在后面的源码中看到EventBus对该方法的要求。
EventBus.getDefault() 该方法的代码如下:
public static EventBus getDefault() {
if (defaultInstance == null) {
synchronized (EventBus.class) {
if (defaultInstance == null) {
defaultInstance = new EventBus();
}
}
}
return defaultInstance;
}
可以看到EventBus是一个单例模式,也很好理解,毕竟管理者所有的订阅和和事件,有且只能有一个,单例决定了EventBus只能用于单个进程中的发布-订阅。
EventBus.register() register()方法的参数是Object,说明任何对象都可以是订阅者,该方法源码如下:
public void register(Object subscriber) {
Class> subscriberClass = subscriber.getClass();
//找到该类中所有被@Subscribe注解的合法方法
List subscriberMethods = subscriberMethodFinder.findSubscriberMethods(subscriberClass);
synchronized (this) {
//将对象、方法作为元组注册到事件中心
for (SubscriberMethod subscriberMethod : subscriberMethods) {
subscribe(subscriber, subscriberMethod);
}
}
}
从代码中可以看出主要有两步:
1. 找到@Subscribe修饰的方法,以SubscriberMethod对象表示方法的信息;
2. 将对象、方法作为元组注册到事件中心。
下面首先看一下SubscriberMethod的定义:
SubscriberMethod类的定义
public class SubscriberMethod {
final Method method;
final ThreadMode threadMode;
final Class> eventType;
final int priority;
final boolean sticky;
/** Used for efficient comparison */
String methodString;
}
上面就是其主要字段,一个合格的订阅方法(以Method对象表示)+@Subscribe注解中的信息:ThreadMode、EventType、priority、sticky。methodString字段是用来比较两个对象SubscriberMethod对象是否相等的依据。
SubScriberMethodFinder.findSubscriberMethods()
SubscriberMethodFind是用来找@Subscribe注解了方法的工具类,findSubscriberMethosd()的定义如下:
private static final Map, List> METHOD_CACHE = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
List findSubscriberMethods(Class> subscriberClass) {
//从缓存中查找该订阅者中的订阅方法
List subscriberMethods = METHOD_CACHE.get(subscriberClass);
//找到了,直接返回
if (subscriberMethods != null) {
return subscriberMethods;
}if (ignoreGeneratedIndex) {
subscriberMethods = findUsingReflection(subscriberClass);
} else {
subscriberMethods = findUsingInfo(subscriberClass);
}
//如果一个合格的订阅方法都没找到,抛出异常
if (subscriberMethods.isEmpty()) {
throw new EventBusException("Subscriber " + subscriberClass
+ " and its super classes have no public methods with the @Subscribe annotation");
}
//存入缓存并返回结果
else {
METHOD_CACHE.put(subscriberClass, subscriberMethods);
return subscriberMethods;
}
}
如果使用默认的EventBus,那么ignoreGeneratedIndex为false;由于查找订阅方法是一个耗时操作,因此SubscriberMethodFinder这儿对方法列表进行了缓存;这里先暂时不管该参数,那么僵使用findUsingReflection()方法进行查找,该方法的定义如下:
SubscriberMethod.findUsingReflection()
private static final int POOL_SIZE = 4;
private static final FindState[] FIND_STATE_POOL = new FindState[POOL_SIZE];
private List findUsingReflection(Class> subscriberClass) {
//获取FindState对象
FindState findState = prepareFindState();
//初始化
findState.initForSubscriber(subscriberClass);
//从该类开始向上寻找订阅方法
while (findState.clazz != null) {
findUsingReflectionInSingleClass(findState);
findState.moveToSuperclass();
}
//获取FindState中找到的订阅方法
return getMethodsAndRelease(findState);
}private FindState prepareFindState() {
synchronized (FIND_STATE_POOL) {
for (int i = 0;
i < POOL_SIZE;
i++) {
FindState state = FIND_STATE_POOL[i];
if (state != null) {
FIND_STATE_POOL[i] = null;
return state;
}
}
}
return new FindState();
}
这里可以看到,对FindState对象做了一个容量为4的对象池。由此可以推断FindState是一个相对重量级的对象,所以才做了对象池,其定义如下:
FindState类定义 FindState是SubscriberMethodFinder的静态内部类:
static class FindState {
final List subscriberMethods = new ArrayList<>();
final Map anyMethodByEventType = new HashMap<>();
final Map subscriberClassByMethodKey = new HashMap<>();
final StringBuilder methodKeyBuilder = new StringBuilder(128);
Class> subscriberClass;
Class> clazz;
boolean skipSuperClasses;
SubscriberInfo subscriberInfo;
//初始化,为寻找订阅方法做准备
void initForSubscriber(Class> subscriberClass) {
this.subscriberClass = clazz = subscriberClass;
skipSuperClasses = false;
subscriberInfo = null;
}//回收,清空集合和恢复初始状态
void recycle() {
subscriberMethods.clear();
anyMethodByEventType.clear();
subscriberClassByMethodKey.clear();
methodKeyBuilder.setLength(0);
subscriberClass = null;
clazz = null;
skipSuperClasses = false;
subscriberInfo = null;
}
}
这里面skipSuperClasses默认为false,说明默认是不忽略父类的,也就说明对象A注册到了事件中心,也将其向上的继承结构注册到了事件中心,不过想想也好理解,因为EventBus要求订阅方法必须是public、non-staic、non-abstract,那么父类的这些方法也就是子类的,因此需要向上查找。关于订阅方法的签名要求,下面会有源码说明。
查找的核心逻辑是这个循环:
while (findState.clazz != null) {
//在单个类中查找订阅方法
findUsingReflectionInSingleClass(findState);
//将当前类置为其父类
findState.moveToSuperclass();
}
SubscriberMethodFinder.findUsingReflectionInSingleClass()
private void findUsingReflectionInSingleClass(FindState findState) {
Method[] methods;
//Step 1:获取该类声明的方法
try {
// This is faster than getMethods, especially when subscribers are fat classes like Activities
methods = findState.clazz.getDeclaredMethods();
} catch (Throwable th) {
// Workaround for java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError, see https://github.com/greenrobot/EventBus/issues/149
methods = findState.clazz.getMethods();
findState.skipSuperClasses = true;
}
//Step 2:遍历方法
for (Method method : methods) {
//获取方法的修饰符
int modifiers = method.getModifiers();
//case:修饰符合格
if ((modifiers & Modifier.PUBLIC) != 0 && (modifiers & MODIFIERS_IGNORE) == 0) {
//获取方法参数类型列表
Class>[] parameterTypes = method.getParameterTypes();
//case:参数长度合格
if (parameterTypes.length == 1) {
Subscribe subscribeAnnotation = method.getAnnotation(Subscribe.class);
//case:方法被@Subscribe注解修饰了
if (subscribeAnnotation != null) {
//获取参数类型,即事件类型
Class> eventType = parameterTypes[0];
//case:可以添加
if (findState.checkAdd(method, eventType)) {
ThreadMode threadMode = subscribeAnnotation.threadMode();
//将Method和注解的信息封装到SubscriberMethod保存到FindState中
findState.subscriberMethods.add(new SubscriberMethod(method, eventType, threadMode,
subscribeAnnotation.priority(), subscribeAnnotation.sticky()));
}
}
}
//case :参数长度不合格
else if (strictMethodVerification && method.isAnnotationPresent(Subscribe.class)) {
String methodName = method.getDeclaringClass().getName() + "." + method.getName();
throw new EventBusException("@Subscribe method " + methodName +
"must have exactly 1 parameter but has " + parameterTypes.length);
}
}
//case: 修饰符不合格
else if (strictMethodVerification && method.isAnnotationPresent(Subscribe.class)) {
String methodName = method.getDeclaringClass().getName() + "." + method.getName();
throw new EventBusException(methodName +
" is a illegal @Subscribe method: must be public, non-static, and non-abstract");
}
}
}
首先,从抛出的异常,可以看到几点:
1. @Subscribe修饰的方法只能有一个参数
2. @Subscriber修饰的方法必须是public、non-static、non-abstract
当符合了条件并且是@Subscribe注解修饰的方法,如果checkAnd()返回true,那么将Method和注解信息封装成SubscriberMethod保存到FindState中的列表中。
FindState.checkAnd()
boolean checkAdd(Method method, Class> eventType) {
// 2 level check: 1st level with event type only (fast), 2nd level with complete signature when required.
// Usually a subscriber doesn't have methods listening to the same event type.
Object existing = anyMethodByEventType.put(eventType, method);
//这个订阅方法是该事件类型的第一个,直接返回true
if (existing == null) {
return true;
}
//两个以上的方法订阅了同一事件类型
else {
if (existing instanceof Method) {
//case:检查不过关,抛出异常
if (!checkAddWithMethodSignature((Method) existing, eventType)) {
// Paranoia check
throw new IllegalStateException();
}
//以FinsState占位Map中Method对象
// Put any non-Method object to "consume" the existing Method
anyMethodByEventType.put(eventType, this);
}
//如果上一次existing是FinsState,那么再检查一次
return checkAddWithMethodSignature(method, eventType);
}
}
从注解中可以看到,执行两个层次的检查:
1. 第一层检查,只检查事件类型;如果该事件类型在该类中第一次出现,那么直接返回true;
2. 第二层检查,需要完整的检查方法签名,这种情况发生在该类中有多个方法同时订阅了某一事件类型。
这里我们需要分析,当一个事件类型出现了两个及其以上的订阅方法时,就会进入到二层检查; 而从代码中可以看到,如果有多个订阅同一事件的方法,那么existing将会在method和findstate中来回切换。
FindState.checkAndWithMethodSignature()
private boolean checkAddWithMethodSignature(Method method, Class> eventType) {
methodKeyBuilder.setLength(0);
methodKeyBuilder.append(method.getName());
methodKeyBuilder.append('>').append(eventType.getName());
String methodKey = methodKeyBuilder.toString();
Class> methodClass = method.getDeclaringClass();
Class> methodClassOld = subscriberClassByMethodKey.put(methodKey, methodClass);
if (methodClassOld == null || methodClassOld.isAssignableFrom(methodClass)) {
// Only add if not already found in a sub class
return true;
} else {
// Revert the put, old class is further down the class hierarchy
subscriberClassByMethodKey.put(methodKey, methodClassOld);
return false;
}
}
这里可以看到subscriberClassByMethodKey这个Map中的Key的形式是MethodName>EventType,在同一个类中,MethodName肯定是不相同的,那么key就不会相同,那么methodClassOld将一直为null,那么该方法将一直返回true;如果父类中也有该方法并且也是同一事件的订阅方法,那么在查找父类的订阅方法时,methodClassOld将不为null。
至此,只要checkAnd返回true,那么将一直向FindState中添加订阅方法,而一旦父类中发现了相同的方法,那么不添加,因此子类中已经添加过了。
FindState.moveToSuperClass
在单个类中查找完订阅方法,将调用moveToSupperClass()将clazz字段移到父类,其定义如下:
void moveToSuperclass() {
//case:跳过父类,clazz直接置为null
if (skipSuperClasses) {
clazz = null;
}
//case:不跳过父类
else {
//指向父类
clazz = clazz.getSuperclass();
String clazzName = clazz.getName();
//跳过系统类
/** Skip system classes, this just degrades performance. */
if (clazzName.startsWith("java.") || clazzName.startsWith("javax.") || clazzName.startsWith("android.")) {
clazz = null;
}
}
}
当把订阅者整个继承结构的订阅方法找完之后,调用了getMethodsAndRelease()方法,该方法的定义如下:
SubscriberMethodFinder.getMethodsAndRelease()
private List getMethodsAndRelease(FindState findState) {
List subscriberMethods = new ArrayList<>(findState.subscriberMethods);
findState.recycle();
synchronized (FIND_STATE_POOL) {
for (int i = 0;
i < POOL_SIZE;
i++) {
if (FIND_STATE_POOL[i] == null) {
FIND_STATE_POOL[i] = findState;
break;
}
}
}
return subscriberMethods;
}
该方法主要完成两步:
1. 从FindState中把checkAnd()返回结果为true时保存的SubScriberMethod取出;
2. 回收FindState。
至此,获取到了订阅者中的所有订阅方法,下一步是将这些信息保存到事件中心,以备后续查找进行分发。
例子
下面以一个例子,说明子类重载父类的订阅方法时,父类中的方法将不再作用。
public class Subscriber {@Subscribe
public void read(Magazine magazine){Log.i(MagazineSubscriber.TAG,"superreadMagazine(): "+magazine.toString());
}
}ublic class MagazineSubscriber extends Subscriber{public static final String TAG="MagezineSubscriber";
public MagazineSubscriber() {
super();
EventBus.getDefault().register(this);
}@Override
@Subscribe
public void read(Magazine magazine) {
Log.i(TAG,"read: "+magazine.toString());
}@Subscribe
public void readMagazine1(Magazine magazine){Log.i(TAG,"readMagazine1(): "+magazine.toString());
}@Subscribe
public void readMagazine2(Magazine magazine){Log.i(TAG,"readMagazine2(): "+magazine.toString());
}}
在Activity A中初始化MagazineSubscriber,Activity B中发布一个Magezine事件,Log日志如下:
read: Magazine{title='hello', content='world'}
readMagazine1(): Magazine{title='hello', content='world'}
readMagazine2(): Magazine{title='hello', content='world'}
可以看到父类中的方法没有打出日志。
EventBus.subscribe() 在找到了订阅方法后,需要将其保存起来,subscribe()方法是在synchronized同步块中的。源码如下:
private void subscribe(Object subscriber, SubscriberMethod subscriberMethod) {
//获取事件类型
Class> eventType = subscriberMethod.eventType;
//将订阅者与订阅方法组装成元祖
Subscription newSubscription = new Subscription(subscriber, subscriberMethod);
//获取事件类型的所有Subscription
CopyOnWriteArrayList subscriptions = subscriptionsByEventType.get(eventType);
//case:第一次访问,创建一个新的list
if (subscriptions == null) {
subscriptions = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>();
subscriptionsByEventType.put(eventType, subscriptions);
} else {
//该订阅元组已经出现过,抛出异常
if (subscriptions.contains(newSubscription)) {
throw new EventBusException("Subscriber " + subscriber.getClass() + " already registered to event "
+ eventType);
}
}//按照优先级排序
int size = subscriptions.size();
for (int i = 0;
i <= size;
i++) {
if (i == size || subscriberMethod.priority > subscriptions.get(i).subscriberMethod.priority) {
subscriptions.add(i, newSubscription);
break;
}
}//获取订阅者里所有的订阅事件类型
List> subscribedEvents = typesBySubscriber.get(subscriber);
if (subscribedEvents == null) {
subscribedEvents = new ArrayList<>();
typesBySubscriber.put(subscriber, subscribedEvents);
}
subscribedEvents.add(eventType);
//case:如果该订阅方法是Sticky的
if (subscriberMethod.sticky) {
//eventInheritance默认是false
if (eventInheritance) {
// Existing sticky events of all subclasses of eventType have to be considered.
// Note: Iterating over all events may be inefficient with lots of sticky events,
// thus data structure should be changed to allow a more efficient lookup
// (e.g. an additional map storing sub classes of super classes: Class -> List).
Set, Object>> entries = stickyEvents.entrySet();
for (Map.Entry, Object> entry : entries) {
Class> candidateEventType = entry.getKey();
if (eventType.isAssignableFrom(candidateEventType)) {
Object stickyEvent = entry.getValue();
checkPostStickyEventToSubscription(newSubscription, stickyEvent);
}
}
} else {
Object stickyEvent = stickyEvents.get(eventType);
checkPostStickyEventToSubscription(newSubscription, stickyEvent);
}
}
}
上面的代码主要做两步:
1. 根据事件类型获取订阅元组列表,按照优先级顺序保存到List中;
2. 处理事件是Sticky的情况; 可以看到最终都调用checkPostStickyEventToSubscription()方法;关于Sticky事件在EventBus配置、粘性事件、优先级和取消事件分发博客中有介绍。
一般来说,如果是Sticky事件,那么stickyEvents将会有结果的,下面看一下checkPostStickyEvevtToSubscription。
EventBus.checkPostEventToSubscription()
private void checkPostStickyEventToSubscription(Subscription newSubscription, Object stickyEvent) {
if (stickyEvent != null) {
// If the subscriber is trying to abort the event, it will fail (event is not tracked in posting state)
// --> Strange corner case, which we don't take care of here.
postToSubscription(newSubscription, stickyEvent, isMainThread());
}
}private void postToSubscription(Subscription subscription, Object event, boolean isMainThread) {
switch (subscription.subscriberMethod.threadMode) {
case POSTING:
invokeSubscriber(subscription, event);
break;
case MAIN:
if (isMainThread) {
invokeSubscriber(subscription, event);
} else {
mainThreadPoster.enqueue(subscription, event);
}
break;
case MAIN_ORDERED:
if (mainThreadPoster != null) {
mainThreadPoster.enqueue(subscription, event);
} else {
// temporary: technically not correct as poster not decoupled from subscriber
invokeSubscriber(subscription, event);
}
break;
case BACKGROUND:
if (isMainThread) {
backgroundPoster.enqueue(subscription, event);
} else {
invokeSubscriber(subscription, event);
}
break;
case ASYNC:
asyncPoster.enqueue(subscription, event);
break;
default:
throw new IllegalStateException("Unknown thread mode: " + subscription.subscriberMethod.threadMode);
}
}
可以看到将会调用postToSubscription()方法,这里有涉及线程分发的选项,关于线程分发的知识,可以参考EventBus的线程分发,下一篇准备介绍线程分发的源码。这里就以POSTING case往下继续看。
void invokeSubscriber(Subscription subscription, Object event) {
try {
subscription.subscriberMethod.method.invoke(subscription.subscriber, event);
} catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
handleSubscriberException(subscription, event, e.getCause());
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
throw new IllegalStateException("Unexpected exception", e);
}
}
可以看到,这儿就是通过反射去调用订阅者的订阅方法。
至此,可以分析完了订阅者是如何将自己订阅到事件中心的,要点有如下几点:
1. EventBus保存了订阅者以及其父类中所有@Subscribe注解了的方法;
2. 订阅者+订阅方法是一个元组;
3. 如果事件是Sticky的,那么将使用反射进行调用;如果不是Sticky的,那么保存在EventBus中的List中。
由此带来的思考,由于EventBus保存了所有的订阅信息:订阅者+订阅方法,会不会占用内存很大?发布者发布事件,事件如何到订阅方法的 其实看完上面的代码,应该有个大体思路了,东西都保存在了EventBus中,发布者发完事件,EventBus根据事件去找到所有订阅方法,然后反射调用就OK了,下面我们将实践看一下,是不是这么一个步骤。
EventBus.post() 一切从发布者的post()方法说起,源码如下:
private final ThreadLocal currentPostingThreadState = new ThreadLocal() {
@Override
protected PostingThreadState initialValue() {
return new PostingThreadState();
}
};
final static class PostingThreadState {
final List
上面涉及ThreadLocal,不了解的朋友可以参考ThreadLocal源码分析。PostThreadState会为每个线程创建一份,然后共用。同一个线程中发布的事件都会存到它的List中。 postSingleEvent()就是发送单个事件的方法,
private void postSingleEvent(Object event, PostingThreadState postingState) throws Error {
Class> eventClass = event.getClass();
boolean subscriptionFound = false;
//case:事件继承,默认false,需要找出该事件的继承结构
if (eventInheritance) {
List> eventTypes = lookupAllEventTypes(eventClass);
int countTypes = eventTypes.size();
for (int h = 0;
h < countTypes;
h++) {
Class> clazz = eventTypes.get(h);
subscriptionFound |= postSingleEventForEventType(event, postingState, clazz);
}
} else {
subscriptionFound = postSingleEventForEventType(event, postingState, eventClass);
}
//如果没有找到订阅方法消费
if (!subscriptionFound) {
if (logNoSubscriberMessages) {
logger.log(Level.FINE, "No subscribers registered for event " + eventClass);
}
if (sendNoSubscriberEvent && eventClass != NoSubscriberEvent.class &&
eventClass != SubscriberExceptionEvent.class) {
post(new NoSubscriberEvent(this, event));
}
}
}
从上面可以看到,核心代码是调用了postSingleEventForEventType()方法,该方法的代码如下:
private boolean postSingleEventForEventType(Object event, PostingThreadState postingState, Class> eventClass) {
CopyOnWriteArrayList subscriptions;
//加锁,因为注册线程会向该Map中插入数据
synchronized (this) {
subscriptions = subscriptionsByEventType.get(eventClass);
}
//如果有该事件类型的订阅元组
if (subscriptions != null && !subscriptions.isEmpty()) {
//遍历元组,由于存放的时候是按优先级的,所以这里也按优先级进行消费
for (Subscription subscription : subscriptions) {
//置状态
postingState.event = event;
postingState.subscription = subscription;
boolean aborted = false;
try {
//发布到单个订阅元组
postToSubscription(subscription, event, postingState.isMainThread);
//是否被中途取消了
aborted = postingState.canceled;
} finally {
postingState.event = null;
postingState.subscription = null;
postingState.canceled = false;
}
//如果中断了,那么退出
if (aborted) {
break;
}
}
return true;
}
return false;
}
可以看到最终调用了postToSubscription()方法将事件发布给订阅者,该方法在上面已经碰到了,最终是通过反射进行调用的;这样依次将每一个事件完成了发布。
取消事件分发 上面涉及到一个参数,PostingThreadState的canceled参数,该参数会在取消事件时标志。取消事件分发是在事件消费方法中调用cancelEventDelivery()方法,该方法的限制场景是ThreadMode是POSTING的情景下,下面会说明原因。该方法的代码如下:
public void cancelEventDelivery(Object event) {
//获取当前线程的PostingThreadState
PostingThreadState postingState = currentPostingThreadState.get();
//情况判断,当前不在分发事件,抛出异常
if (!postingState.isPosting) {
throw new EventBusException(
"This method may only be called from inside event handling methods on the posting thread");
} else if (event == null) {
throw new EventBusException("Event may not be null");
} else if (postingState.event != event) {
throw new EventBusException("Only the currently handled event may be aborted");
} else if (postingState.subscription.subscriberMethod.threadMode != ThreadMode.POSTING) {
throw new EventBusException(" event handlers may only abort the incoming event");
}//设置标志位,后续事件将在分发中终止
postingState.canceled = true;
}
上面说过,每个线程有一个PostingThreadState,而分发方法和订阅方法都会获取PostingThreadState进行标志位的设置来达到消息通信的,这要求必须得是同一个对象,也就是说发布和订阅是在同一个线程中,而ThreadMode为POSTING的情况下,发布和事件消费是在同一个线程中,这儿也能想象该类为啥叫PostingThreadState了。
总结 【Android基础|EventBus源码分析之订阅-发布模型】经过上面的源码分析,可以理解事件中心是如何保存订阅者的,订阅者为啥只需调用register()方法,其他就可以什么都不管了,因此事件中心会利用反射找出@Subscribe注解了的方法,然后保存起来;发布者为啥只要post()出事件,剩下的就不要管了,因为事件中心会去寻找出之前保存的订阅者以及订阅方法,然后通过反射进行调用。
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