DeepLearning|AnnaAraslanova/FBNet 程序分析 NAS|AutoML|架构搜索|PyTorch|NAS

AnnaAraslanova/FBNet 是 FBNet 相对来说比较好的一个第三方实现。延迟测量采用 x86 处理器的结果近似。需要注意的是：

PyTorch GPU 并行对输入数据有要求；
随机超网络直接使用 BN 层似乎不妥。

supernet_main_file.py train_supernet 训练随机超网络。
sample_architecture_from_the_supernet 从中选出最优结构。

if __name__ == "__main__": assert args.train_or_sample in ['train', 'sample'] if args.train_or_sample == 'train': train_supernet() elif args.train_or_sample == 'sample': assert args.architecture_name != '' and args.architecture_name not in MODEL_ARCH hardsampling = False if args.hardsampling_bool_value in ['False', '0'] else True sample_architecture_from_the_supernet(unique_name_of_arch=args.architecture_name, hardsampling=hardsampling)

train_supernet Created with Rapha?l 2.2.0 train_supernet config_for_supernet create_directories_from_list get_logger SummaryWriter LookUpTable get_loaders get_test_loader FBNet_Stochastic_SuperNet weights_init SupernetLoss check_tensor_in_list CosineAnnealingLR TrainerSupernet TrainerSupernet.train_loop 设置随机种子，确保可复现。

manual_seed = 1 np.random.seed(manual_seed) torch.manual_seed(manual_seed) torch.cuda.manual_seed_all(manual_seed) torch.backends.cudnn.benchmark = True

CONFIG_SUPERNET 存储了超网络的配置参数。 create_directories_from_list 创建 tensorboard 日志文件路径。
get_logger 根据文件路径创建一个日志记录器并设置格式。
SummaryWriter 创建一个 TensorBoard 事件异步写入器。

1.7版本之后参数变成了logdir。

create_directories_from_list([CONFIG_SUPERNET['logging']['path_to_tensorboard_logs']])logger = get_logger(CONFIG_SUPERNET['logging']['path_to_log_file']) writer = SummaryWriter(log_dir=CONFIG_SUPERNET['logging']['path_to_tensorboard_logs'])

LookUpTable 会将结果写入文件。

#### LookUp table consists all information about layers lookup_table = LookUpTable(calulate_latency=CONFIG_SUPERNET['lookup_table']['create_from_scratch'])

【DeepLearning|AnnaAraslanova/FBNet 程序分析】get_loaders 划分训练和验证数据集。

#### DataLoading train_w_loader, train_thetas_loader = get_loaders(CONFIG_SUPERNET['dataloading']['w_share_in_train'], CONFIG_SUPERNET['dataloading']['batch_size'], CONFIG_SUPERNET['dataloading']['path_to_save_data'], logger) test_loader = get_test_loader(CONFIG_SUPERNET['dataloading']['batch_size'], CONFIG_SUPERNET['dataloading']['path_to_save_data'])

实例化 FBNet_Stochastic_SuperNet 。
nn.Module.apply 将fn递归地应用于每个子模块（由.children()返回）以及self。典型用途包括初始化模型的参数（另请参见 torch.nn.init）。
这里为什么调用 weights_init 而不是在内部初始化？

没有加载快照继续训练的功能。

torch.nn.DataParallel 在模块级实现数据并行性。此容器通过在批处理维度中进行分块，将输入拆分到指定设备上，从而使给定module的应用程序并行化（其他对象将在每个设备上复制一次）。在前向过程中，模块在每个设备上复制，每个副本处理输入的一部分。在向后传递期间，汇总每个副本的梯度到原始模块中。批量大小应大于使用的 GPU 数量。
另请参阅：Use nn.DataParallel instead of multiprocessing
允许将任意位置和关键字输入传递到 DataParallel，但某些类型是特殊处理的。在指定的dim上（默认为0）分散张量。浅复制元组、列表和字典类型。其他类型将在不同的线程之间共享，如果在模型的正向传递中写入，则可能会损坏。
在运行此 DataParallel 模块之前，并行化module必须在device_ids[0]上具有其参数和缓冲区。

每次前向时，模块都会复制到每个设备上，因此forward运行模块的任何更新都将丢失。例如，如果module具有在每个forward中递增的计数器属性，则它将始终保持在初始值，因为更新是对forward之后销毁的副本进行的。但是，DataParallel 保证device[0]上副本的参数和缓冲区与基本并行化module共享存储。因此将记录device[0]上的参数和缓冲区的原地更新。例如，BBatchNorm2d 和 spectral_norm() 依赖于此行为来更新缓冲区。
将调用module及其子模块上定义的前向和后向钩子len(device_ids)次，每个钩子的输入都位于特定的设备上。特别地，仅保证钩子在相应设备上的操作顺序正确。例如，不能保证在所有len(device_ids)个 forward() 调用之前执行通过 register_forward_pre_hook() 设置的钩子，但是每个钩子都会在该设备的相应 forward() 调用之前执行。

#### Model model = FBNet_Stochastic_SuperNet(lookup_table, cnt_classes=10).cuda() model = model.apply(weights_init) model = nn.DataParallel(model, device_ids=[0])

网络权重和结构参数关联到不同的优化器。
SupernetLoss 计算带有延迟的损失。
torch.optim.lr_scheduler.CosineAnnealingLR 使用余弦退火计划设置每个参数组的学习率，其中η m a x \eta_{max} ηmax? 设置为初始 lr， T c u r T_{cur} Tcur? 是自 SGDR 上次重启以来的纪元数：
η t + 1 = η m i n + ( η t ? η m i n ) 1 + cos ? ( T c u r + 1 T m a x π ) 1 + cos ? ( T c u r T m a x π ) , T c u r ≠ ( 2 k + 1 ) T m a x ; η t + 1 = η t + ( η m a x ? η m i n ) 1 ? cos ? ( 1 T m a x π ) 2 , T c u r = ( 2 k + 1 ) T m a x . \begin{aligned} \eta_{t+1} = \eta_{min} + (\eta_t - \eta_{min})\frac{1 + \cos(\frac{T_{cur+1}}{T_{max}}\pi)}{1 + \cos(\frac{T_{cur}}{T_{max}}\pi)}, T_{cur} \neq (2k+1)T_{max}; \\ \eta_{t+1} = \eta_{t} + (\eta_{max} - \eta_{min})\frac{1 - \cos(\frac{1}{T_{max}}\pi)}{2}, T_{cur} = (2k+1)T_{max}.\\ \end{aligned} ηt+1?=ηmin?+(ηt??ηmin?)1+cos(Tmax?Tcur??π)1+cos(Tmax?Tcur+1??π)?,Tcur???=(2k+1)Tmax?; ηt+1?=ηt?+(ηmax??ηmin?)21?cos(Tmax?1?π)?,Tcur?=(2k+1)Tmax?.?

#### Loss, Optimizer and Scheduler criterion = SupernetLoss().cuda()thetas_params = [param for name, param in model.named_parameters() if 'thetas' in name] params_except_thetas = [param for param in model.parameters() if not check_tensor_in_list(param, thetas_params)]w_optimizer = torch.optim.SGD(params=params_except_thetas, lr=CONFIG_SUPERNET['optimizer']['w_lr'], momentum=CONFIG_SUPERNET['optimizer']['w_momentum'], weight_decay=CONFIG_SUPERNET['optimizer']['w_weight_decay'])theta_optimizer = torch.optim.Adam(params=thetas_params, lr=CONFIG_SUPERNET['optimizer']['thetas_lr'], weight_decay=CONFIG_SUPERNET['optimizer']['thetas_weight_decay'])last_epoch = -1 w_scheduler = torch.optim.lr_scheduler.CosineAnnealingLR(w_optimizer, T_max=CONFIG_SUPERNET['train_settings']['cnt_epochs'], last_epoch=last_epoch)

TrainerSupernet 封装了训练过程。

#### Training Loop trainer = TrainerSupernet(criterion, w_optimizer, theta_optimizer, w_scheduler, logger, writer) trainer.train_loop(train_w_loader, train_thetas_loader, test_loader, model)

get_logger

""" Make python logger """ # [!] Since tensorboardX use default logger (e.g. logging.info()), we should use custom logger logger = logging.getLogger('fbnet') log_format = '%(asctime)s | %(message)s' formatter = logging.Formatter(log_format, datefmt='%m/%d %I:%M:%S %p') file_handler = logging.FileHandler(file_path) file_handler.setFormatter(formatter) stream_handler = logging.StreamHandler() stream_handler.setFormatter(formatter)logger.addHandler(file_handler) logger.addHandler(stream_handler) logger.setLevel(logging.INFO)return logger

LookUpTable Created with Rapha?l 2.2.0 LookUpTable candidate_blocks, search_space _generate_layers_parameters calulate_latency? _create_from_operations End _create_from_file yes no CANDIDATE_BLOCKS 列举了论文表2中的9种结构，详细参数在 PRIMITIVES 中。

Block type	expansion	Kernel	Group
k3_e1	1	3	1
k3_e1_g2	1	3	2
k3_e3	3	3	1
k3_e6	6	3	1
k5_e1	1	5	1
k5_e1_g2	1	5	2
k5_e3	3	5	1
k5_e6	6	5	1
skip	-	-	-

SEARCH_SPACE 对应论文表1网络结构（仅 TBS）。

Input shape	Block	f	n	s
22 4 2 × 3 224^2 \times 3 2242×3	3x3 conv	16	1	2
11 2 2 × 16 112^2 \times 16 1122×16	TBS	16	1	1
11 2 2 × 16 112^2 \times 16 1122×16	TBS	24	4	2
5 6 2 × 24 56^2 \times 24 562×24	TBS	32	4	2
2 8 2 × 32 28^2 \times 32 282×32	TBS	64	4	2
1 4 2 × 64 14^2 \times 64 142×64	TBS	112	4	1
1 4 2 × 112 14^2 \times 112 142×112	TBS	184	4	2
7 2 × 184 7^2 \times 184 72×184	TBS	352	1	1
7 2 × 352 7^2 \times 352 72×352	1x1 conv	1984	1	1
7 2 × 1504( 1984 ) 7^2 \times 1504~(1984) 72×1504 (1984)	x7 avgpool	-	1	1
1504 1504 1504	fc	1000	1	-

由search_space的输入形状数量推断层数。
创建操作符字典self.lookup_table_operations。
_generate_layers_parameters 从 SEARCH_SPACE 中解析出层参数和输入参数。

def __init__(self, candidate_blocks=CANDIDATE_BLOCKS, search_space=SEARCH_SPACE, calulate_latency=False): self.cnt_layers = len(search_space["input_shape"]) # constructors for each operation self.lookup_table_operations = {op_name : PRIMITIVES[op_name] for op_name in candidate_blocks} # arguments for the ops constructors. one set of arguments for all 9 constructors at each layer # input_shapes just for convinience self.layers_parameters, self.layers_input_shapes = self._generate_layers_parameters(search_space)

_create_from_operations 计算操作符的耗时并写入文件。
_read_lookup_table_from_file 从文件读取结果。

# lookup_table self.lookup_table_latency = None if calulate_latency: self._create_from_operations(cnt_of_runs=CONFIG_SUPERNET['lookup_table']['number_of_runs'], write_to_file=CONFIG_SUPERNET['lookup_table']['path_to_lookup_table']) else: self._create_from_file(path_to_file=CONFIG_SUPERNET['lookup_table']['path_to_lookup_table'])

_generate_layers_parameters
_generate_layers_parameters 从search_space字典中读取参数，构造各层参数列表layers_parameters。这里的参数顺序需要与 PRIMITIVES 中一致。

# layers_parameters are : C_in, C_out, expansion, stride layers_parameters = [(search_space["input_shape"][layer_id][0], search_space["channel_size"][layer_id], # expansion (set to -999) embedded into operation and will not be considered # (look fbnet_building_blocks/fbnet_builder.py - this is facebookresearch code # and I don't want to modify it) -999, search_space["strides"][layer_id] ) for layer_id in range(self.cnt_layers)]# layers_input_shapes are (C_in, input_w, input_h) layers_input_shapes = search_space["input_shape"]return layers_parameters, layers_input_shapes

_create_from_operations
_create_from_operations _calculate_latency _write_lookup_table_to_file

self.lookup_table_latency = self._calculate_latency(self.lookup_table_operations, self.layers_parameters, self.layers_input_shapes, cnt_of_runs) if write_to_file is not None: self._write_lookup_table_to_file(write_to_file)

_calculate_latency
latency_table_layer_by_ops为每 TBS 创建一个字典，用于记录每个操作的耗时。
随机生成数据，globals() 返回表示当前全局符号表的字典。这始终是当前模块的字典（在函数或方法内部，这是定义它的模块，而不是调用它的模块）。
timeit.timeit 使用给定的语句、设置代码和计时器函数创建一个Timer 实例，并使用数字执行运行其 timeit() 方法。可选的globals参数指定用于执行代码的命名空间。

LATENCY_BATCH_SIZE = 1 latency_table_layer_by_ops = [{} for i in range(self.cnt_layers)]for layer_id in range(self.cnt_layers): for op_name in operations: op = operations[op_name](*layers_parameters[layer_id]) input_sample = torch.randn((LATENCY_BATCH_SIZE, *layers_input_shapes[layer_id])) globals()['op'], globals()['input_sample'] = op, input_sample total_time = timeit.timeit('output = op(input_sample)', setup="gc.enable()", \ globals=globals(), number=cnt_of_runs) # measured in micro-second latency_table_layer_by_ops[layer_id][op_name] = total_time / cnt_of_runs / LATENCY_BATCH_SIZE * 1e6return latency_table_layer_by_ops

_write_lookup_table_to_file
_write_lookup_table_to_file clear_files_in_the_list add_text_to_file clear_files_in_the_list 清空已有文件。
ops为操作符名称列表。第1行打印名称。

clear_files_in_the_list([path_to_file]) ops = [op_name for op_name in self.lookup_table_operations] text = [op_name + " " for op_name in ops[:-1]] text.append(ops[-1] + "\n")

打印操作符的耗时，每行为一个 TBS。
add_text_to_file 以文件形式保存结果。

for layer_id in range(self.cnt_layers): for op_name in ops: text.append(str(self.lookup_table_latency[layer_id][op_name])) text.append(" ") text[-1] = "\n" text = text[:-1]text = ''.join(text) add_text_to_file(text, path_to_file)

_create_from_file
_create_from_file _read_lookup_table_from_file

self.lookup_table_latency = self._read_lookup_table_from_file(path_to_file)

_read_lookup_table_from_file
从文件读取结果，第一行为名称。

latences = [line.strip('\n') for line in open(path_to_file)] ops_names = latences[0].split(" ") latences = [list(map(float, layer.split(" "))) for layer in latences[1:]]lookup_table_latency = [{op_name : latences[i][op_id] for op_id, op_name in enumerate(ops_names) } for i in range(self.cnt_layers)] return lookup_table_latency

get_loaders 随机裁减、翻转并标准化。

train_transform = transforms.Compose([ transforms.RandomCrop(32, padding=4), transforms.RandomHorizontalFlip(), transforms.ToTensor(), transforms.Normalize(CIFAR_MEAN, CIFAR_STD), ]) train_data = https://www.it610.com/article/datasets.CIFAR10(root=path_to_save_data, train=True, download=True, transform=train_transform)

创建索引，划分数据集。
torch.utils.data.SubsetRandomSampler 从给定的索引列表中随机抽样元素，无需替换。

num_train = len(train_data)# 50k indices = list(range(num_train))# split = int(np.floor(train_portion * num_train))# 40ktrain_idx, valid_idx = indices[:split], indices[split:]train_sampler = SubsetRandomSampler(train_idx)train_loader = torch.utils.data.DataLoader( train_data, batch_size=batch_size, sampler=train_sampler, pin_memory=True, num_workers=32)if train_portion == 1: return train_loadervalid_sampler = SubsetRandomSampler(valid_idx)val_loader = torch.utils.data.DataLoader( train_data, batch_size=batch_size, sampler=train_sampler, pin_memory=True, num_workers=16)return train_loader, val_loader

get_test_loader 测试仅作归一化。

test_transform = transforms.Compose([ transforms.ToTensor(), transforms.Normalize(CIFAR_MEAN, CIFAR_STD), ])test_data = https://www.it610.com/article/datasets.CIFAR10(root=path_to_save_data, train=False, download=True, transform=test_transform) test_loader = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(test_data, batch_size=batch_size, shuffle=False, num_workers=16) return test_loader

FBNet_Stochastic_SuperNet FBNet_Stochastic_SuperNet ConvBNRelu MixedOperation ConvBNRelu 构建基本模块，仅初始化了卷积参数。
torch.nn.ModuleList 将子模块保存在列表中。ModuleList 可以像常规 Python 列表一样编制索引，但它包含的模块已正确注册，并且所有 Module 方法都可以看到它们。
MixedOperation 运行操作符列表并求延迟加权和。

def __init__(self, lookup_table, cnt_classes=1000): super(FBNet_Stochastic_SuperNet, self).__init__()# self.first identical to 'add_first' in the fbnet_building_blocks/fbnet_builder.py self.first = ConvBNRelu(input_depth=3, output_depth=16, kernel=3, stride=2, pad=3 // 2, no_bias=1, use_relu="relu", bn_type="bn") self.stages_to_search = nn.ModuleList([MixedOperation( lookup_table.layers_parameters[layer_id], lookup_table.lookup_table_operations, lookup_table.lookup_table_latency[layer_id]) for layer_id in range(lookup_table.cnt_layers)]) self.last_stages = nn.Sequential(OrderedDict([ ("conv_k1", nn.Conv2d(lookup_table.layers_parameters[-1][1], 1504, kernel_size = 1)), ("avg_pool_k7", nn.AvgPool2d(kernel_size=7)), ("flatten", Flatten()), ("fc", nn.Linear(in_features=1504, out_features=cnt_classes)), ]))

forward
网络抽象为：
first stages_to_search last_stages

y = self.first(x) for mixed_op in self.stages_to_search: y, latency_to_accumulate = mixed_op(y, temperature, latency_to_accumulate) y = self.last_stages(y) return y, latency_to_accumulate

MixedOperation MixedOperation 根据proposed_operations字典构建操作列表、延迟列表及相应参数。
提取出proposed_operations的键得到列表ops_names。latency为字典。

# Arguments: # proposed_operations is a dictionary {operation_name : op_constructor} # latency is a dictionary {operation_name : latency} def __init__(self, layer_parameters, proposed_operations, latency): super(MixedOperation, self).__init__() ops_names = [op_name for op_name in proposed_operations]self.ops = nn.ModuleList([proposed_operations[op_name](*layer_parameters) for op_name in ops_names]) self.latency = [latency[op_name] for op_name in ops_names] self.thetas = nn.Parameter(torch.Tensor([1.0 / len(ops_names) for i in range(len(ops_names))]))

forward
m l , i = GumbelSoftmax ( θ l , i ∣ θ l ) = exp ? [ ( θ l , i + g l , i ) / τ ] ∑ i exp ? [ ( θ l , i + g l , i ) / τ ] , \begin{aligned} m_{l, i} & = \text{GumbelSoftmax}(\theta_{l, i}|\mathrm{\theta_{l}}) \\ & = \frac{\exp[(\theta_{l,i} + g_{l,i})/\tau]}{\sum_i \exp[(\theta_{l,i} + g_{l,i})/\tau]}, \end{aligned} ml,i??=GumbelSoftmax(θl,i?∣θl?)=∑i?exp[(θl,i?+gl,i?)/τ]exp[(θl,i?+gl,i?)/τ]?,?
x l + 1 = ∑ i m l , i ? b l , i ( x l ) , \begin{aligned} x_{l+1} = \sum_i m_{l, i} \cdot b_{l, i}(x_{l}), \end{aligned} xl+1?=i∑?ml,i??bl,i?(xl?),?
LAT ( a ) = ∑ l ∑ i m l , i ? LAT ( b l , i ) . \begin{aligned} \text{LAT}(a) = \sum_l \sum_i m_{l,i} \cdot \text{LAT} (b_{l,i}). \end{aligned} LAT(a)=l∑?i∑?ml,i??LAT(bl,i?).?
torch.nn.functional.gumbel_softmax 从 Gumbel-Softmax 分布（[Concrete Distribution] [Gumbel-Softmax]）采样，并可选择离散化。
参数：

logits：[…, num_features]未标准化的概率对数
tau：非负标量温度
hard：如果为True，则返回的样本将被离散化为 one-hot 矢量，但可微，就好像它是 autograd 中的软样本一样
dim(int)：计算 softmax 的维数。默认值：-1。

返回：
采样与logits形状相同的张量，服从 Gumbel-Softmax 分布。如果hard=True，则返回的样本将是独热的，否则它们将是各dim概率和为1的概率分布。

此函数出于遗留原因，可能会在将来从 nn.Functional 中删除。

hard的主要技巧是做 y_hard - y_soft.detach() + y_soft
它实现了两件事：

使输出值完全独热（因为我们加然后减去 y_soft 值）
使梯度等于 y_soft 梯度（因为我们剥离所有其他梯度）

这里self.thetas需要加 torch.Tensor.unsqueeze 操作变成2维。

soft_mask_variables = nn.functional.gumbel_softmax(self.thetas, temperature) output= sum(m * op(x) for m, op in zip(soft_mask_variables, self.ops)) latency = sum(m * lat for m, lat in zip(soft_mask_variables, self.latency)) latency_to_accumulate = latency_to_accumulate + latency return output, latency_to_accumulate

weights_init weights_init 仅初始化卷积和全连接。

if deepth > max_depth: return if isinstance(m, torch.nn.Conv2d): torch.nn.init.kaiming_uniform_(m.weight.data) if m.bias is not None: torch.nn.init.constant_(m.bias.data, 0) elif isinstance(m, torch.nn.Linear): m.weight.data.normal_(0, 0.01) if m.bias is not None: m.bias.data.zero_() elif isinstance(m, torch.nn.BatchNorm2d): return elif isinstance(m, torch.nn.ReLU): return elif isinstance(m, torch.nn.Module): deepth += 1 for m_ in m.modules(): weights_init(m_, deepth) else: raise ValueError("%s is unk" % m.__class__.__name__)

SupernetLoss

def __init__(self): super(SupernetLoss, self).__init__() self.alpha = CONFIG_SUPERNET['loss']['alpha'] self.beta = CONFIG_SUPERNET['loss']['beta'] self.weight_criterion = nn.CrossEntropyLoss()

forward
L ( a , w a ) =CE ( a , w a ) ? α log ? ( LAT ( a ) ) β . \begin{aligned} \mathcal{L}(a, w_a) = \text{ CE}(a, w_a) \cdot \alpha \log(\text{LAT}(a))^\beta. \end{aligned} L(a,wa?)= CE(a,wa?)?αlog(LAT(a))β.?
需要对torch.log(latency ** self.beta)求均值。

self.beta应放在外面，否则会失去作用。

ce = self.weight_criterion(outs, targets) lat = torch.log(latency ** self.beta)losses_ce.update(ce.item(), N) losses_lat.update(lat.item(), N)loss = self.alpha * ce * lat return loss #.unsqueeze(0)

TrainerSupernet AverageMeter 能够累积数据求均值。

def __init__(self, criterion, w_optimizer, theta_optimizer, w_scheduler, logger, writer): self.top1= AverageMeter() self.top3= AverageMeter() self.losses= AverageMeter() self.losses_lat = AverageMeter() self.losses_ce= AverageMeter()self.logger = logger self.writer = writerself.criterion = criterion self.w_optimizer = w_optimizer self.theta_optimizer = theta_optimizer self.w_scheduler = w_schedulerself.temperature= CONFIG_SUPERNET['train_settings']['init_temperature'] self.exp_anneal_rate= CONFIG_SUPERNET['train_settings']['exp_anneal_rate'] # apply it every epoch self.cnt_epochs= CONFIG_SUPERNET['train_settings']['cnt_epochs'] self.train_thetas_from_the_epoch = CONFIG_SUPERNET['train_settings']['train_thetas_from_the_epoch'] self.print_freq= CONFIG_SUPERNET['train_settings']['print_freq'] self.path_to_save_model= CONFIG_SUPERNET['train_settings']['path_to_save_model']

train_loop
train_loop _training_step _validate 首先训练网络权重self.train_thetas_from_the_epoch个 epoch。
调用 _training_step 一次训练一个 epoch，名字不具有表现力。

best_top1 = 0.0# firstly, train weights only for epoch in range(self.train_thetas_from_the_epoch): self.writer.add_scalar('learning_rate/weights', self.w_optimizer.param_groups[0]['lr'], epoch)self.logger.info("Firstly, start to train weights for epoch %d" % (epoch)) self._training_step(model, train_w_loader, self.w_optimizer, epoch, info_for_logger="_w_step_") self.w_scheduler.step()

然后交替训练权重和结构。交替更新一定程度上降低了效率。

for epoch in range(self.train_thetas_from_the_epoch, self.cnt_epochs): self.writer.add_scalar('learning_rate/weights', self.w_optimizer.param_groups[0]['lr'], epoch) self.writer.add_scalar('learning_rate/theta', self.theta_optimizer.param_groups[0]['lr'], epoch)self.logger.info("Start to train weights for epoch %d" % (epoch)) self._training_step(model, train_w_loader, self.w_optimizer, epoch, info_for_logger="_w_step_") self.w_scheduler.step()self.logger.info("Start to train theta for epoch %d" % (epoch)) self._training_step(model, train_thetas_loader, self.theta_optimizer, epoch, info_for_logger="_theta_step_")top1_avg = self._validate(model, test_loader, epoch) if best_top1 < top1_avg: best_top1 = top1_avg self.logger.info("Best top1 acc by now. Save model") save(model, self.path_to_save_model)self.temperature = self.temperature * self.exp_anneal_rate

_training_step

需要显式构造latency_to_accumulate变量，且元素与设备数量相同。

_intermediate_stats_logging 记录损失、top1、top3、交叉熵以及延迟。
_epoch_stats_logging 记录 epoch 状态信息到 tensorboard。

model = model.train() start_time = time.time()for step, (X, y) in enumerate(loader): X, y = X.cuda(non_blocking=True), y.cuda(non_blocking=True) # X.to(device, non_blocking=True), y.to(device, non_blocking=True) N = X.shape[0]optimizer.zero_grad() latency_to_accumulate = Variable(torch.Tensor([[0.0]]), requires_grad=True).cuda() outs, latency_to_accumulate = model(X, self.temperature, latency_to_accumulate) loss = self.criterion(outs, y, latency_to_accumulate, self.losses_ce, self.losses_lat, N) loss.backward() optimizer.step()self._intermediate_stats_logging(outs, y, loss, step, epoch, N, len_loader=len(loader), val_or_train="Train")self._epoch_stats_logging(start_time=start_time, epoch=epoch, info_for_logger=info_for_logger, val_or_train='train') for avg in [self.top1, self.top3, self.losses]: avg.reset()

_validate
验证准确率。

model.eval() start_time = time.time()with torch.no_grad(): for step, (X, y) in enumerate(loader): X, y = X.cuda(), y.cuda() N = X.shape[0]latency_to_accumulate = torch.Tensor([[0.0]]).cuda() outs, latency_to_accumulate = model(X, self.temperature, latency_to_accumulate) loss = self.criterion(outs, y, latency_to_accumulate, self.losses_ce, self.losses_lat, N)self._intermediate_stats_logging(outs, y, loss, step, epoch, N, len_loader=len(loader), val_or_train="Valid")top1_avg = self.top1.get_avg() self._epoch_stats_logging(start_time=start_time, epoch=epoch, val_or_train='val') for avg in [self.top1, self.top3, self.losses]: avg.reset() return top1_avg

_intermediate_stats_logging
accuracy 计算准确率。

prec1, prec3 = accuracy(outs, y, topk=(1, 5)) self.losses.update(loss.item(), N) self.top1.update(prec1.item(), N) self.top3.update(prec3.item(), N)

如果迭代数满足打印间隔或者是最后一次则记录信息。

if (step > 1 and step % self.print_freq == 0) or step == len_loader - 1: self.logger.info(val_or_train+ ": [{:3d}/{}] Step {:03d}/{:03d} Loss {:.3f} " "Prec@(1,3) ({:.1%}, {:.1%}), ce_loss {:.3f}, lat_loss {:.3f}".format( epoch + 1, self.cnt_epochs, step, len_loader - 1, self.losses.get_avg(), self.top1.get_avg(), self.top3.get_avg(), self.losses_ce.get_avg(), self.losses_lat.get_avg()))

_epoch_stats_logging
记录 epoch 状态信息到 tensorboard。

self.writer.add_scalar('train_vs_val/'+val_or_train+'_loss'+info_for_logger, self.losses.get_avg(), epoch) self.writer.add_scalar('train_vs_val/'+val_or_train+'_top1'+info_for_logger, self.top1.get_avg(), epoch) self.writer.add_scalar('train_vs_val/'+val_or_train+'_top3'+info_for_logger, self.top3.get_avg(), epoch) self.writer.add_scalar('train_vs_val/'+val_or_train+'_losses_lat'+info_for_logger, self.losses_lat.get_avg(), epoch) self.writer.add_scalar('train_vs_val/'+val_or_train+'_losses_ce'+info_for_logger, self.losses_ce.get_avg(), epoch)top1_avg = self.top1.get_avg() self.logger.info(info_for_logger+val_or_train + ": [{:3d}/{}] Final Prec@1 {:.4%} Time {:.2f}".format( epoch+1, self.cnt_epochs, top1_avg, time.time() - start_time))

accuracy torch.topk 返回给定输入张量沿给定维度的k个最大元素。如果未给定dim，则选择输入的最后一个维度。如果largest为False，则返回k个最小元素。返回(values, indices)的命名元组，其中索引是原始输入张量中元素的索引。如果布尔值选项sorted为True，则将确保返回的k个元素本身已排序。

""" Computes the precision@k for the specified values of k """ maxk = max(topk) batch_size = target.size(0)_, pred = output.topk(maxk, 1, True, True) pred = pred.t() # one-hot case if target.ndimension() > 1: target = target.max(1)[1]correct = pred.eq(target.view(1, -1).expand_as(pred))res = [] for k in topk: correct_k = correct[:k].view(-1).float().sum(0) res.append(correct_k.mul_(1.0 / batch_size))return res

PRIMITIVES

"skip": lambda C_in, C_out, expansion, stride, **kwargs: Identity( C_in, C_out, stride ), "ir_k3": lambda C_in, C_out, expansion, stride, **kwargs: IRFBlock( C_in, C_out, expansion, stride, **kwargs ), "ir_k5": lambda C_in, C_out, expansion, stride, **kwargs: IRFBlock( C_in, C_out, expansion, stride, kernel=5, **kwargs ), "ir_k7": lambda C_in, C_out, expansion, stride, **kwargs: IRFBlock( C_in, C_out, expansion, stride, kernel=7, **kwargs ), "ir_k1": lambda C_in, C_out, expansion, stride, **kwargs: IRFBlock( C_in, C_out, expansion, stride, kernel=1, **kwargs ), "shuffle": lambda C_in, C_out, expansion, stride, **kwargs: IRFBlock( C_in, C_out, expansion, stride, shuffle_type="mid", pw_group=4, **kwargs ), "basic_block": lambda C_in, C_out, expansion, stride, **kwargs: CascadeConv3x3( C_in, C_out, stride ), "shift_5x5": lambda C_in, C_out, expansion, stride, **kwargs: ShiftBlock5x5( C_in, C_out, expansion, stride ), # layer search 2 "ir_k3_e1": lambda C_in, C_out, expansion, stride, **kwargs: IRFBlock( C_in, C_out, 1, stride, kernel=3, **kwargs ), "ir_k3_e3": lambda C_in, C_out, expansion, stride, **kwargs: IRFBlock( C_in, C_out, 3, stride, kernel=3, **kwargs ), "ir_k3_e6": lambda C_in, C_out, expansion, stride, **kwargs: IRFBlock( C_in, C_out, 6, stride, kernel=3, **kwargs ), "ir_k3_s4": lambda C_in, C_out, expansion, stride, **kwargs: IRFBlock( C_in, C_out, 4, stride, kernel=3, shuffle_type="mid", pw_group=4, **kwargs ), "ir_k5_e1": lambda C_in, C_out, expansion, stride, **kwargs: IRFBlock( C_in, C_out, 1, stride, kernel=5, **kwargs ), "ir_k5_e3": lambda C_in, C_out, expansion, stride, **kwargs: IRFBlock( C_in, C_out, 3, stride, kernel=5, **kwargs ), "ir_k5_e6": lambda C_in, C_out, expansion, stride, **kwargs: IRFBlock( C_in, C_out, 6, stride, kernel=5, **kwargs ), "ir_k5_s4": lambda C_in, C_out, expansion, stride, **kwargs: IRFBlock( C_in, C_out, 4, stride, kernel=5, shuffle_type="mid", pw_group=4, **kwargs ), # layer search se "ir_k3_e1_se": lambda C_in, C_out, expansion, stride, **kwargs: IRFBlock( C_in, C_out, 1, stride, kernel=3, se=True, **kwargs ), "ir_k3_e3_se": lambda C_in, C_out, expansion, stride, **kwargs: IRFBlock( C_in, C_out, 3, stride, kernel=3, se=True, **kwargs ), "ir_k3_e6_se": lambda C_in, C_out, expansion, stride, **kwargs: IRFBlock( C_in, C_out, 6, stride, kernel=3, se=True, **kwargs ), "ir_k3_s4_se": lambda C_in, C_out, expansion, stride, **kwargs: IRFBlock( C_in, C_out, 4, stride, kernel=3, shuffle_type="mid", pw_group=4, se=True, **kwargs ), "ir_k5_e1_se": lambda C_in, C_out, expansion, stride, **kwargs: IRFBlock( C_in, C_out, 1, stride, kernel=5, se=True, **kwargs ), "ir_k5_e3_se": lambda C_in, C_out, expansion, stride, **kwargs: IRFBlock( C_in, C_out, 3, stride, kernel=5, se=True, **kwargs ), "ir_k5_e6_se": lambda C_in, C_out, expansion, stride, **kwargs: IRFBlock( C_in, C_out, 6, stride, kernel=5, se=True, **kwargs ), "ir_k5_s4_se": lambda C_in, C_out, expansion, stride, **kwargs: IRFBlock( C_in, C_out, 4, stride, kernel=5, shuffle_type="mid", pw_group=4, se=True, **kwargs ), # layer search 3 (in addition to layer search 2) "ir_k3_s2": lambda C_in, C_out, expansion, stride, **kwargs: IRFBlock( C_in, C_out, 1, stride, kernel=3, shuffle_type="mid", pw_group=2, **kwargs ), "ir_k5_s2": lambda C_in, C_out, expansion, stride, **kwargs: IRFBlock( C_in, C_out, 1, stride, kernel=5, shuffle_type="mid", pw_group=2, **kwargs ), "ir_k3_s2_se": lambda C_in, C_out, expansion, stride, **kwargs: IRFBlock( C_in, C_out, 1, stride, kernel=3, shuffle_type="mid", pw_group=2, se=True, **kwargs ), "ir_k5_s2_se": lambda C_in, C_out, expansion, stride, **kwargs: IRFBlock( C_in, C_out, 1, stride, kernel=5, shuffle_type="mid", pw_group=2, se=True, **kwargs ), # layer search 4 (in addition to layer search 3) "ir_k3_sep": lambda C_in, C_out, expansion, stride, **kwargs: IRFBlock( C_in, C_out, expansion, stride, kernel=3, cdw=True, **kwargs ), "ir_k33_e1": lambda C_in, C_out, expansion, stride, **kwargs: IRFBlock( C_in, C_out, 1, stride, kernel=3, cdw=True, **kwargs ), "ir_k33_e3": lambda C_in, C_out, expansion, stride, **kwargs: IRFBlock( C_in, C_out, 3, stride, kernel=3, cdw=True, **kwargs ), "ir_k33_e6": lambda C_in, C_out, expansion, stride, **kwargs: IRFBlock( C_in, C_out, 6, stride, kernel=3, cdw=True, **kwargs ), # layer search 5 (in addition to layer search 4) "ir_k7_e1": lambda C_in, C_out, expansion, stride, **kwargs: IRFBlock( C_in, C_out, 1, stride, kernel=7, **kwargs ), "ir_k7_e3": lambda C_in, C_out, expansion, stride, **kwargs: IRFBlock( C_in, C_out, 3, stride, kernel=7, **kwargs ), "ir_k7_e6": lambda C_in, C_out, expansion, stride, **kwargs: IRFBlock( C_in, C_out, 6, stride, kernel=7, **kwargs ), "ir_k7_sep": lambda C_in, C_out, expansion, stride, **kwargs: IRFBlock( C_in, C_out, expansion, stride, kernel=7, cdw=True, **kwargs ), "ir_k7_sep_e1": lambda C_in, C_out, expansion, stride, **kwargs: IRFBlock( C_in, C_out, 1, stride, kernel=7, cdw=True, **kwargs ), "ir_k7_sep_e3": lambda C_in, C_out, expansion, stride, **kwargs: IRFBlock( C_in, C_out, 3, stride, kernel=7, cdw=True, **kwargs ), "ir_k7_sep_e6": lambda C_in, C_out, expansion, stride, **kwargs: IRFBlock( C_in, C_out, 6, stride, kernel=7, cdw=True, **kwargs ), }

ConvBNRelu ConvBNRelu 模块选项很多，可设置不使用 BN，或者使用 FrozenBatchNorm2d。相对来说，nn.BatchNorm2d(C_out, affine=affine)更常见一些。

def __init__( self, input_depth, output_depth, kernel, stride, pad, no_bias, use_relu, bn_type, group=1, *args, **kwargs ): super(ConvBNRelu, self).__init__()assert use_relu in ["relu", None] if isinstance(bn_type, (list, tuple)): assert len(bn_type) == 2 assert bn_type[0] == "gn" gn_group = bn_type[1] bn_type = bn_type[0] assert bn_type in ["bn", "af", "gn", None] assert stride in [1, 2, 4]op = Conv2d( input_depth, output_depth, kernel_size=kernel, stride=stride, padding=pad, bias=not no_bias, groups=group, *args, **kwargs ) nn.init.kaiming_normal_(op.weight, mode="fan_out", nonlinearity="relu") if op.bias is not None: nn.init.constant_(op.bias, 0.0) self.add_module("conv", op)if bn_type == "bn": bn_op = BatchNorm2d(output_depth) elif bn_type == "gn": bn_op = nn.GroupNorm(num_groups=gn_group, num_channels=output_depth) elif bn_type == "af": bn_op = FrozenBatchNorm2d(output_depth) if bn_type is not None: self.add_module("bn", bn_op)if use_relu == "relu": self.add_module("relu", nn.ReLU(inplace=True))

sample_architecture_from_the_supernet Created with Rapha?l 2.2.0 sample_architecture_from_the_supernet verification get_logger LookUpTable FBNet_Stochastic_SuperNet load hardsampling？ writh_new_ARCH_to_fbnet_modeldef End softmax yes no 加载模型。由于 save 保存的是 torch.nn.DataParallel 类型的模型，所以
load 的输入也需保持一致。其属性module为原模型。

logger = get_logger(CONFIG_SUPERNET['logging']['path_to_log_file'])lookup_table = LookUpTable() model = FBNet_Stochastic_SuperNet(lookup_table, cnt_classes=10).cuda() model = nn.DataParallel(model)load(model, CONFIG_SUPERNET['train_settings']['path_to_save_model'])ops_names = [op_name for op_name in lookup_table.lookup_table_operations] cnt_ops = len(ops_names)

numpy.linspace 在指定的间隔内返回均匀间隔的数字。
scipy.special.softmax
如果是hardsampling，每个 TBS 直接取θ \theta θ 最大的操作符；否则计算概率：
P θ l ( b l = b l , i ) = softmax ( θ l , i ; θ l ) = exp ? ( θ l , i ) ∑ i exp ? ( θ l , i ) . P θ ( a ) = ∏ l P θ l ( b l = b l , i ( a ) ) , \begin{aligned} P_{\mathrm{\theta}_{l}}(b_l = b_{l,i}) = \text{softmax}(\theta_{l,i}; \mathrm{\theta}_l) = \frac{\exp(\theta_{l,i})}{\sum_i \exp(\theta_{l,i})}. \end{aligned} \begin{aligned} P_{\mathrm{\theta}}(a) = \prod_l P_{\mathrm{\theta}_l} (b_l = b_{l,i}^{(a)}), \end{aligned} Pθl??(bl?=bl,i?)=softmax(θl,i?; θl?)=∑i?exp(θl,i?)exp(θl,i?)?.?Pθ?(a)=l∏?Pθl??(bl?=bl,i(a)?),?
writh_new_ARCH_to_fbnet_modeldef

arch_operations=[] if hardsampling: for layer in model.module.stages_to_search: arch_operations.append(ops_names[np.argmax(layer.thetas.detach().cpu().numpy())]) else: rng = np.linspace(0, cnt_ops - 1, cnt_ops, dtype=int) for layer in model.module.stages_to_search: distribution = softmax(layer.thetas.detach().cpu().numpy()) arch_operations.append(ops_names[np.random.choice(rng, p=distribution)])logger.info("Sampled Architecture: " + " - ".join(arch_operations)) writh_new_ARCH_to_fbnet_modeldef(arch_operations, my_unique_name_for_ARCH=unique_name_of_arch) logger.info("CONGRATULATIONS! New architecture " + unique_name_of_arch \ + " was written into fbnet_building_blocks/fbnet_modeldef.py")

load

model.load_state_dict(torch.load(model_path))

writh_new_ARCH_to_fbnet_modeldef MODEL_ARCH 用于保存模型结构。
检查名字是否已存在。

assert len(ops_names) == 22 if my_unique_name_for_ARCH in MODEL_ARCH: print("The specification with the name", my_unique_name_for_ARCH, "already written \ to the fbnet_building_blocks.fbnet_modeldef. Please, create a new name \ or delete the specification from fbnet_building_blocks.fbnet_modeldef (by hand)") assert my_unique_name_for_ARCH not in MODEL_ARCH

将ops_names转为字符串列表ops，进一步按 stage 分组拼接为ops_lines

### create text to inserttext_to_write = "\"" + my_unique_name_for_ARCH + "\": {\n\ \"block_op_type\": [\n"ops = ["[\"" + str(op) + "\"], " for op in ops_names] ops_lines = [ops[0], ops[1:5], ops[5:9], ops[9:13], ops[13:17], ops[17:21], ops[21]] ops_lines = [''.join(line) for line in ops_lines] text_to_write += '' + '\n'.join(ops_lines)

记录每次的维度信息。e即 expantion_ratio。

e = [(op_name[-1] if op_name[-2] == 'e' else '1') for op_name in ops_names]text_to_write += "\n\ ],\n\ \"block_cfg\": {\n\ \"first\": [16, 2],\n\ \"stages\": [\n\ [["+e[0]+", 16, 1, 1]],# stage 1\n\ [["+e[1]+", 24, 1, 2]],[["+e[2]+", 24, 1, 1]],\ [["+e[3]+", 24, 1, 1]],[["+e[4]+", 24, 1, 1]],# stage 2\n\ [["+e[5]+", 32, 1, 2]],[["+e[6]+", 32, 1, 1]],\ [["+e[7]+", 32, 1, 1]],[["+e[8]+", 32, 1, 1]],# stage 3\n\ [["+e[9]+", 64, 1, 2]],[["+e[10]+", 64, 1, 1]],\ [["+e[11]+", 64, 1, 1]],[["+e[12]+", 64, 1, 1]],# stage 4\n\ [["+e[13]+", 112, 1, 1]], [["+e[14]+", 112, 1, 1]], \ [["+e[15]+", 112, 1, 1]], [["+e[16]+", 112, 1, 1]], # stage 5\n\ [["+e[17]+", 184, 1, 2]], [["+e[18]+", 184, 1, 1]], \ [["+e[19]+", 184, 1, 1]], [["+e[20]+", 184, 1, 1]], # stage 6\n\ [["+e[21]+", 352, 1, 1]],# stage 7\n\ ],\n\ \"backbone\": [num for num in range(23)],\n\ },\n\ },\n\ }\ "

读取./fbnet_building_blocks/fbnet_modeldef.py，追加后写入。
需要跳过末尾的右括号。
next 通过调用 _next_() 方法从迭代器中检索下一个项。如果给定default，则在迭代器耗尽时返回，否则引发 StopIteration。

### open file and find place to insert with open('./fbnet_building_blocks/fbnet_modeldef.py') as f1: lines = f1.readlines() end_of_MODEL_ARCH_id = next(i for i in reversed(range(len(lines))) if lines[i].strip() == '}') text_to_write = lines[:end_of_MODEL_ARCH_id] + [text_to_write] with open('./fbnet_building_blocks/fbnet_modeldef.py', 'w') as f2: f2.writelines(text_to_write)

参考资料：