C#实现的4种常用数据校验方法小结(CRC校验|C#实现的4种常用数据校验方法小结(CRC校验,LRC校验,BCC校验,累加和校验)

【C#实现的4种常用数据校验方法小结(CRC校验|C#实现的4种常用数据校验方法小结(CRC校验,LRC校验,BCC校验,累加和校验)】CRC即循环冗余校验码(Cyclic Redundancy Check):是数据通信领域中最常用的一种查错校验码,其特征是信息字段和校验字段的长度可以任意选定。循环冗余检查(CRC)是一种数据传输检错功能,对数据进行多项式计算,并将得到的结果附在帧的后面,接收设备也执行类似的算法,以保证数据传输的正确性和完整性。
CRC算法参数模型解释:

  • NAME:参数模型名称。
  • WIDTH:宽度,即CRC比特数。
  • POLY:生成项的简写,以16进制表示。例如:CRC-32即是0x04C11DB7,忽略了最高位的"1",即完整的生成项是0x104C11DB7。
  • INIT:这是算法开始时寄存器(crc)的初始化预置值,十六进制表示。
  • REFIN:待测数据的每个字节是否按位反转,True或False。
  • REFOUT:在计算后之后,异或输出之前,整个数据是否按位反转,True或False。
  • XOROUT:计算结果与此参数异或后得到最终的CRC值。
/// **********************************************************************/// Name: CRC-4/ITUx4+x+1/// Poly: 0x03/// Init: 0x00/// Refin: true/// Refout: true/// Xorout: 0x00///*************************************************************************public static byte[] Crc1(byte[] buffer, int start = 0, int len = 0){if (buffer == null || buffer.Length == 0) return null; if (start < 0) return null; if (len == 0) len = buffer.Length - start; int length = start + len; if (length > buffer.Length) return null; byte crc = 0; // Initial valuefor (int i = start; i < length; i++){crc ^= buffer[i]; for (int j = 0; j < 8; j++){if ((crc & 1) > 0)crc = (byte)((crc >> 1) ^ 0x0C); //0x0C = (reverse 0x03)>>(8-4)elsecrc = (byte)(crc >> 1); }}return new byte[] { crc }; }/// **********************************************************************/// Name: CRC-5/EPCx5+x3+1/// Poly: 0x09/// Init: 0x09/// Refin: false/// Refout: false/// Xorout: 0x00///*************************************************************************public static byte[] Crc2(byte[] buffer, int start = 0, int len = 0){if (buffer == null || buffer.Length == 0) return null; if (start < 0) return null; if (len == 0) len = buffer.Length - start; int length = start + len; if (length > buffer.Length) return null; byte crc = 0x48; // Initial value: 0x48 = 0x09<<(8-5)for (int i = start; i < length; i++){crc ^= buffer[i]; for (int j = 0; j < 8; j++){if ((crc & 0x80) > 0)crc = (byte)((crc << 1) ^ 0x48); // 0x48 = 0x09<<(8-5)elsecrc = (byte)(crc << 1); }}return new byte[] { (byte)(crc >> 3) }; }/// **********************************************************************/// Name: CRC-5/ITUx5+x4+x2+1/// Poly: 0x15/// Init: 0x00/// Refin: true/// Refout: true/// Xorout: 0x00///*************************************************************************public static byte[] Crc3(byte[] buffer, int start = 0, int len = 0){if (buffer == null || buffer.Length == 0) return null; if (start < 0) return null; if (len == 0) len = buffer.Length - start; int length = start + len; if (length > buffer.Length) return null; byte crc = 0; // Initial valuefor (int i = start; i < length; i++){crc ^= buffer[i]; for (int j = 0; j < 8; j++){if ((crc & 1) > 0)crc = (byte)((crc >> 1) ^ 0x15); // 0x15 = (reverse 0x15)>>(8-5)elsecrc = (byte)(crc >> 1); }}return new byte[] { crc}; }/// **********************************************************************/// Name: CRC-5/USBx5+x2+1/// Poly: 0x05/// Init: 0x1F/// Refin: true/// Refout: true/// Xorout: 0x1F///*************************************************************************public static byte[] Crc4(byte[] buffer, int start = 0, int len = 0){if (buffer == null || buffer.Length == 0) return null; if (start < 0) return null; if (len == 0) len = buffer.Length - start; int length = start + len; if (length > buffer.Length) return null; byte crc = 0x1F; // Initial valuefor (int i = start; i < length; i++){crc ^= buffer[i]; for (int j = 0; j < 8; j++){if ((crc & 1) > 0)crc = (byte)((crc >> 1) ^ 0x14); // 0x14 = (reverse 0x05)>>(8-5)elsecrc = (byte)(crc >> 1); }}return new byte[] {(byte)( crc ^ 0x1F)}; }/// **********************************************************************/// Name: CRC-6/ITUx6+x+1/// Poly: 0x03/// Init: 0x00/// Refin: true/// Refout: true/// Xorout: 0x00///*************************************************************************public static byte[] Crc5(byte[] buffer, int start = 0, int len = 0){if (buffer == null || buffer.Length == 0) return null; if (start < 0) return null; if (len == 0) len = buffer.Length - start; int length = start + len; if (length > buffer.Length) return null; byte crc = 0; // Initial valuefor (int i = start; i < length; i++){crc ^= buffer[i]; for (int j = 0; j < 8; j++){if ((crc & 1) > 0)crc = (byte)((crc >> 1) ^ 0x30); // 0x30 = (reverse 0x03)>>(8-6)elsecrc = (byte)(crc >> 1); }}return new byte[] { crc}; }/// **********************************************************************/// Name: CRC-7/MMCx7+x3+1/// Poly: 0x09/// Init: 0x00/// Refin: false/// Refout: false/// Xorout: 0x00///*************************************************************************public static byte[] Crc6(byte[] buffer, int start = 0, int len = 0){if (buffer == null || buffer.Length == 0) return null; if (start < 0) return null; if (len == 0) len = buffer.Length - start; int length = start + len; if (length > buffer.Length) return null; byte crc = 0; // Initial valuefor (int i = start; i < length; i++){crc ^= buffer[i]; for (int j = 0; j < 8; j++){if ((crc & 0x80) > 0)crc = (byte)((crc << 1) ^ 0x12); // 0x12 = 0x09<<(8-7)elsecrc = (byte)(crc << 1); }}return new byte[] { (byte)(crc >> 1)}; }/// **********************************************************************/// Name: CRC8x8+x2+x+1/// Poly: 0x07/// Init: 0x00/// Refin: false/// Refout: false/// Xorout: 0x00///*************************************************************************public static byte[] Crc7(byte[] buffer, int start = 0, int len = 0){if (buffer == null || buffer.Length == 0) return null; if (start < 0) return null; if (len == 0) len = buffer.Length - start; int length = start + len; if (length > buffer.Length) return null; byte crc = 0; // Initial valuefor (int i = start; i < length; i++){crc ^= buffer[i]; for (int j = 0; j < 8; j++){if ((crc & 0x80) > 0)crc = (byte)((crc << 1) ^ 0x07); elsecrc = (byte)(crc << 1); }}return new byte[] { crc}; }/// **********************************************************************/// Name: CRC-8/ITUx8+x2+x+1/// Poly: 0x07/// Init: 0x00/// Refin: false/// Refout: false/// Xorout: 0x55///*************************************************************************public static byte[] Crc8(byte[] buffer, int start = 0, int len = 0){if (buffer == null || buffer.Length == 0) return null; if (start < 0) return null; if (len == 0) len = buffer.Length - start; int length = start + len; if (length > buffer.Length) return null; byte crc = 0; // Initial valuefor (int i = start; i < length; i++){crc ^= buffer[i]; for (int j = 0; j < 8; j++){if ((crc & 0x80) > 0)crc = (byte)((crc << 1) ^ 0x07); elsecrc = (byte)(crc << 1); }}return new byte[] { (byte)(crc ^ 0x55)}; }/// **********************************************************************/// Name: CRC-8/MAXIMx8+x5+x4+1/// Poly: 0x31/// Init: 0x00/// Refin: true/// Refout: true/// Xorout: 0x00///*************************************************************************public static byte[] Crc9(byte[] buffer, int start = 0, int len = 0){if (buffer == null || buffer.Length == 0) return null; if (start < 0) return null; if (len == 0) len = buffer.Length - start; int length = start + len; if (length > buffer.Length) return null; byte crc = 0; // Initial valuefor (int i = start; i < length; i++){crc ^= buffer[i]; for (int j = 0; j < 8; j++){if ((crc & 1) > 0)crc = (byte)((crc >> 1) ^ 0x8C); // 0x8C = reverse 0x31elsecrc = (byte)(crc >> 1); }}return new byte[] { crc}; }/// **********************************************************************/// Name: CRC-8/ROHCx8+x2+x+1/// Poly: 0x07/// Init: 0xFF/// Refin: true/// Refout: true/// Xorout: 0x00///*************************************************************************public static byte[] Crc10(byte[] buffer, int start = 0, int len = 0){if (buffer == null || buffer.Length == 0) return null; if (start < 0) return null; if (len == 0) len = buffer.Length - start; int length = start + len; if (length > buffer.Length) return null; byte crc = 0xFF; // Initial valuefor (int i = start; i < length; i++){crc ^= buffer[i]; for (int j = 0; j < 8; j++){if ((crc & 1) > 0)crc = (byte)((crc >> 1) ^ 0xE0); // 0xE0 = reverse 0x07elsecrc = (byte)(crc >> 1); }}return new byte[] { crc}; }/// Z1协议校验码计算static byte[] table = { 0x00, 0x1C, 0x38, 0x24, 0x70, 0x6C, 0x48, 0x54, 0xE0, 0xFC,0xD8, 0xC4, 0x90, 0x8C, 0xA8, 0xB4, 0xDC, 0xC0, 0xE4, 0xF8,0xAC, 0xB0, 0x94, 0x88, 0x3C, 0x20, 0x04, 0x18, 0x4C, 0x50,0x74, 0x68, 0xA4, 0xB8, 0x9C, 0x80, 0xD4, 0xC8, 0xEC, 0xF0,0x44, 0x58, 0x7C, 0x60, 0x34, 0x28, 0x0C, 0x10, 0x78, 0x64,0x40, 0x5C, 0x08, 0x14, 0x30, 0x2C, 0x98, 0x84, 0xA0, 0xBC,0xE8, 0xF4, 0xD0, 0xCC, 0x54, 0x48, 0x6C, 0x70, 0x24, 0x38,0x1C, 0x00, 0xB4, 0xA8, 0x8C, 0x90, 0xC4, 0xD8, 0xFC, 0xE0,0x88, 0x94, 0xB0, 0xAC, 0xF8, 0xE4, 0xC0, 0xDC, 0x68, 0x74,0x50, 0x4C, 0x18, 0x04, 0x20, 0x3C, 0xF0, 0xEC, 0xC8, 0xD4,0x80, 0x9C, 0xB8, 0xA4, 0x10, 0x0C, 0x28, 0x34, 0x60, 0x7C,0x58, 0x44, 0x2C, 0x30, 0x14, 0x08, 0x5C, 0x40, 0x64, 0x78,0xCC, 0xD0, 0xF4, 0xE8, 0xBC, 0xA0, 0x84, 0x98, 0xA8, 0xB4,0x90, 0x8C, 0xD8, 0xC4, 0xE0, 0xFC, 0x48, 0x54, 0x70, 0x6C,0x38, 0x24, 0x00, 0x1C, 0x74, 0x68, 0x4C, 0x50, 0x04, 0x18,0x3C, 0x20, 0x94, 0x88, 0xAC, 0xB0, 0xE4, 0xF8, 0xDC, 0xC0,0x0C, 0x10, 0x34, 0x28, 0x7C, 0x60, 0x44, 0x58, 0xEC, 0xF0,0xD4, 0xC8, 0x9C, 0x80, 0xA4, 0xB8, 0xD0, 0xCC, 0xE8, 0xF4,0xA0, 0xBC, 0x98, 0x84, 0x30, 0x2C, 0x08, 0x14, 0x40, 0x5C,0x78, 0x64, 0xFC, 0xE0, 0xC4, 0xD8, 0x8C, 0x90, 0xB4, 0xA8,0x1C, 0x00, 0x24, 0x38, 0x6C, 0x70, 0x54, 0x48, 0x20, 0x3C,0x18, 0x04, 0x50, 0x4C, 0x68, 0x74, 0xC0, 0xDC, 0xF8, 0xE4,0xB0, 0xAC, 0x88, 0x94, 0x58, 0x44, 0x60, 0x7C, 0x28, 0x34,0x10, 0x0C, 0xB8, 0xA4, 0x80, 0x9C, 0xC8, 0xD4, 0xF0, 0xEC,0x84, 0x98, 0xBC, 0xA0, 0xF4, 0xE8, 0xCC, 0xD0, 0x64, 0x78,0x5C, 0x40, 0x14, 0x08, 0x2C, 0x30}; public static byte[] Crc11(byte[] buffer, int start = 0, int len = 0){if (buffer == null || buffer.Length == 0) return null; if (start < 0) return null; if (len == 0) len = buffer.Length - start; int length = start + len; if (length > buffer.Length) return null; int i; byte crc = 0x00; int tableIndex; for (i = start; i < length; i++){tableIndex = crc ^ (buffer[i] & 0xFF); crc = table[tableIndex]; }return new byte[] { crc }; }/// **********************************************************************/// Name: CRC-12x16+x12+x5+1/// Poly: 0x80/// Init: 0x0000/// Refin: true/// Refout: true/// Xorout: 0x0000///*************************************************************************public static byte[] Crc12(byte[] buffer, int start = 0, int len = 0){if (buffer == null || buffer.Length == 0) return null; if (start < 0) return null; if (len == 0) len = buffer.Length - start; int length = start + len; if (length > buffer.Length) return null; ushort crc = 0; // Initial valueshort iQ = 0, iR = 0; for (int i = start; i < length; i++){// 多项式除法// 如果该位为1if ((buffer[i] & (0x80 >> iR)) > 0){// 则在余数尾部添1否则添0crc |= 0x01; }// 如果12位除数中的最高位为1,则够除if (crc >= 0x1000){crc ^= 0x180D; }crc <<= 1; iR++; if (8 == iR){iR = 0; iQ++; }}// 对后面添加的12个0做处理for (int i = 0; i < 12; i++){if (crc >= 0x1000){crc ^= 0x180D; }crc <<= 1; }crc >>= 1; byte[] ret = BitConverter.GetBytes(crc); Array.Reverse(ret); return ret; }/// **********************************************************************/// Name: CRC-16/CCITTx16+x12+x5+1/// Poly: 0x1021/// Init: 0x0000/// Refin: true/// Refout: true/// Xorout: 0x0000///*************************************************************************public static byte[] Crc13(byte[] buffer, int start = 0, int len = 0){if (buffer == null || buffer.Length == 0) return null; if (start < 0) return null; if (len == 0) len = buffer.Length - start; int length = start + len; if (length > buffer.Length) return null; ushort crc = 0; // Initial valuefor (int i = start; i < length; i++){crc ^= buffer[i]; for (int j = 0; j < 8; j++){if ((crc & 1) > 0)crc = (ushort)((crc >> 1) ^ 0x8408); // 0x8408 = reverse 0x1021elsecrc = (ushort)(crc >> 1); }}byte[] ret = BitConverter.GetBytes(crc); Array.Reverse(ret); return ret; }/// **********************************************************************/// Name: CRC-16/CCITT FALSEx16+x12+x5+1/// Poly: 0x1021/// Init: 0xFFFF/// Refin: false/// Refout: false/// Xorout: 0x0000///*************************************************************************public static byte[] Crc14(byte[] buffer, int start = 0, int len = 0){if (buffer == null || buffer.Length == 0) return null; if (start < 0) return null; if (len == 0) len = buffer.Length - start; int length = start + len; if (length > buffer.Length) return null; ushort crc = 0xFFFF; // Initial valuefor (int i = start; i < length; i++){crc ^= (ushort)(buffer[i] << 8); for (int j = 0; j < 8; j++){if ((crc & 0x8000) > 0)crc = (ushort)((crc << 1) ^ 0x1021); elsecrc = (ushort)(crc << 1); }}byte[] ret = BitConverter.GetBytes(crc); Array.Reverse(ret); return ret; }/// **********************************************************************/// Name: CRC-16/DNPx16+x13+x12+x11+x10+x8+x6+x5+x2+1/// Poly: 0x3D65/// Init: 0x0000/// Refin: true/// Refout: true/// Xorout: 0xFFFF///*************************************************************************public static byte[] Crc15(byte[] buffer, int start = 0, int len = 0){if (buffer == null || buffer.Length == 0) return null; if (start < 0) return null; if (len == 0) len = buffer.Length - start; int length = start + len; if (length > buffer.Length) return null; ushort crc = 0; // Initial valuefor (int i = start; i < length; i++){crc ^= buffer[i]; for (int j = 0; j < 8; j++){if ((crc & 1) > 0)crc = (ushort)((crc >> 1) ^ 0xA6BC); // 0xA6BC = reverse 0x3D65elsecrc = (ushort)(crc >> 1); }}byte[] ret = BitConverter.GetBytes((ushort)~crc); Array.Reverse(ret); return ret; }/// **********************************************************************/// Name: CRC-16/IBMx16+x15+x2+1/// Poly: 0x8005/// Init: 0x0000/// Refin: true/// Refout: true/// Xorout: 0x0000///*************************************************************************public static byte[] Crc16(byte[] buffer, int start = 0, int len = 0){if (buffer == null || buffer.Length == 0) return null; if (start < 0) return null; if (len == 0) len = buffer.Length - start; int length = start + len; if (length > buffer.Length) return null; ushort crc = 0; // Initial valuefor (int i = start; i < length; i++){crc ^= buffer[i]; for (int j = 0; j < 8; j++){if ((crc & 1) > 0)crc = (ushort)((crc >> 1) ^ 0xA001); // 0xA001 = reverse 0x8005elsecrc = (ushort)(crc >> 1); }}byte[] ret = BitConverter.GetBytes(crc); Array.Reverse(ret); return ret; }/// **********************************************************************/// Name: CRC-16/MAXIMx16+x15+x2+1/// Poly: 0x8005/// Init: 0x0000/// Refin: true/// Refout: true/// Xorout: 0xFFFF///*************************************************************************public static byte[] Crc17(byte[] buffer, int start = 0, int len = 0){if (buffer == null || buffer.Length == 0) return null; if (start < 0) return null; if (len == 0) len = buffer.Length - start; int length = start + len; if (length > buffer.Length) return null; ushort crc = 0; // Initial valuefor (int i = start; i < length; i++){crc ^= buffer[i]; for (int j = 0; j < 8; j++){if ((crc & 1) > 0)crc = (ushort)((crc >> 1) ^ 0xA001); // 0xA001 = reverse 0x8005elsecrc = (ushort)(crc >> 1); }}byte[] ret = BitConverter.GetBytes((ushort)~crc); Array.Reverse(ret); return ret; }/// **********************************************************************/// Name: CRC-16/MODBUSx16+x15+x2+1/// Poly: 0x8005/// Init: 0xFFFF/// Refin: true/// Refout: true/// Xorout: 0x0000///*************************************************************************public static byte[] Crc18(byte[] buffer, int start = 0, int len = 0){if (buffer == null || buffer.Length == 0) return null; if (start < 0) return null; if (len == 0) len = buffer.Length - start; int length = start + len; if (length > buffer.Length) return null; ushort crc = 0xFFFF; // Initial valuefor (int i = start; i < length; i++){crc ^= buffer[i]; for (int j = 0; j < 8; j++){if ((crc & 1) > 0)crc = (ushort)((crc >> 1) ^ 0xA001); // 0xA001 = reverse 0x8005elsecrc = (ushort)(crc >> 1); }}byte[] ret = BitConverter.GetBytes(crc); Array.Reverse(ret); return ret; }/// **********************************************************************/// Name: CRC-16/USBx16+x15+x2+1/// Poly: 0x8005/// Init: 0xFFFF/// Refin: true/// Refout: true/// Xorout: 0xFFFF///*************************************************************************public static byte[] Crc19(byte[] buffer, int start = 0, int len = 0){if (buffer == null || buffer.Length == 0) return null; if (start < 0) return null; if (len == 0) len = buffer.Length - start; int length = start + len; if (length > buffer.Length) return null; ushort crc = 0xFFFF; // Initial valuefor (int i = start; i < length; i++){crc ^= buffer[i]; for (int j = 0; j < 8; j++){if ((crc & 1) > 0)crc = (ushort)((crc >> 1) ^ 0xA001); // 0xA001 = reverse 0x8005elsecrc = (ushort)(crc >> 1); }}byte[] ret = BitConverter.GetBytes((ushort)~crc); Array.Reverse(ret); return ret; }/// **********************************************************************/// Name: CRC-16/X25x16+x12+x5+1/// Poly: 0x1021/// Init: 0xFFFF/// Refin: true/// Refout: true/// Xorout: 0xFFFF///*************************************************************************public static byte[] Crc20(byte[] buffer, int start = 0, int len = 0){if (buffer == null || buffer.Length == 0) return null; if (start < 0) return null; if (len == 0) len = buffer.Length - start; int length = start + len; if (length > buffer.Length) return null; ushort crc = 0xFFFF; // Initial valuefor (int i = start; i < length; i++){crc ^= buffer[i]; for (int j = 0; j < 8; j++){if ((crc & 1) > 0)crc = (ushort)((crc >> 1) ^ 0x8408); // 0x8408 = reverse 0x1021elsecrc = (ushort)(crc >> 1); }}byte[] ret = BitConverter.GetBytes((ushort)~crc); Array.Reverse(ret); return ret; }/// **********************************************************************/// Name: CRC-16/XMODEMx16+x12+x5+1/// Poly: 0x1021/// Init: 0x0000/// Refin: false/// Refout: false/// Xorout: 0x0000///*************************************************************************public static byte[] Crc21(byte[] buffer, int start = 0, int len = 0){if (buffer == null || buffer.Length == 0) return null; if (start < 0) return null; if (len == 0) len = buffer.Length - start; int length = start + len; if (length > buffer.Length) return null; ushort crc = 0; // Initial valuefor (int i = start; i < length; i++){crc ^= (ushort)(buffer[i] << 8); for (int j = 0; j < 8; j++){if ((crc & 0x8000) > 0)crc = (ushort)((crc << 1) ^ 0x1021); elsecrc = (ushort)(crc << 1); }}byte[] ret = BitConverter.GetBytes(crc); Array.Reverse(ret); return ret; }/// **********************************************************************/// Name: CRC32x32+x26+x23+x22+x16+x12+x11+x10+x8+x7+x5+x4+x2+x+1/// Poly: 0x04C11DB7/// Init: 0xFFFFFFFF/// Refin: true/// Refout: true/// Xorout: 0xFFFFFFFF///*************************************************************************public static byte[] Crc22(byte[] buffer, int start = 0, int len = 0){if (buffer == null || buffer.Length == 0) return null; if (start < 0) return null; if (len == 0) len = buffer.Length - start; int length = start + len; if (length > buffer.Length) return null; uint crc = 0xFFFFFFFF; // Initial valuefor (int i = start; i < length; i++){crc ^= buffer[i]; for (int j = 0; j < 8; j++){if ((crc & 1) > 0)crc = (crc >> 1) ^ 0xEDB88320; // 0xEDB88320= reverse 0x04C11DB7elsecrc = crc >> 1; }}byte[] ret = BitConverter.GetBytes(~crc); Array.Reverse(ret); return ret; }/// **********************************************************************/// Name: CRC32/MPEG-2x32+x26+x23+x22+x16+x12+x11+x10+x8+x7+x5+x4+x2+x+1/// Poly: 0x04C11DB7/// Init: 0xFFFFFFFF/// Refin: false/// Refout: false/// Xorout: 0x00000000///*************************************************************************public static byte[] Crc23(byte[] buffer, int start = 0, int len = 0){if (buffer == null || buffer.Length == 0) return null; if (start < 0) return null; if (len == 0) len = buffer.Length - start; int length = start + len; if (length > buffer.Length) return null; uint crc = 0xFFFFFFFF; // Initial valuefor (int i = start; i < length; i++){crc ^= (uint)(buffer[i] << 24); for (int j = 0; j < 8; j++){if ((crc & 0x80000000) > 0)crc = (crc << 1) ^ 0x04C11DB7; elsecrc = crc << 1; }}byte[] ret = BitConverter.GetBytes(crc); Array.Reverse(ret); return ret; }

检验和(checksum),在数据处理和数据通信领域中,用于校验目的地一组数据项的和。它通常是以十六进制为数制表示的形式。如果校验和的数值超过十六进制的FF,也就是255. 就要求其补码作为校验和。通常用来在通信中,尤其是远距离通信中保证数据的完整性和准确性。
public static byte[] allAdd(byte[] buffer, int start = 0, int len = 0){if (buffer == null || buffer.Length == 0) return null; if (start < 0) return null; if (len == 0) len = buffer.Length - start; int length = start + len; if (length > buffer.Length) return null; byte bcc = 0; // Initial valuefor (int i = start; i < len; i++){bcc ^= buffer[i]; }return new byte[] { bcc }; }

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