python 包之 httpx 请求操作教程 python

一、安装
httpx是Python新一代的网络请求库
httpx与 requests 库的基本使用方法几乎是一模一样的
基于Python3的功能齐全的http请求模块
既能发送同步请求，也能发送异步请求
支持HTTP/1.1和HTTP/2
支持直接向WSGI应用程序或者ASGI应用程序发送请求

pip install httpx

二、请求类型

import httpx httpx.get('https://www.baidu.com') httpx.post('https://www.baidu.com') httpx.put('https://www.baidu.com') httpx.delete('https://www.baidu.com') httpx.head('https://www.baidu.com') httpx.options('https://www.baidu.com')

三、带参数请求

import httpxdata = https://www.it610.com/article/{'name': 'autofelix', 'age': 25 }response = httpx.get('https://www.baidu.com', params=data) print(response.url) print(response.text)

四、自定义 headers

import httpxheaders = { 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko' } response =httpx.get('https://www.baidu.com', headers=headers) print(response.text)

五、请求的属性

import httpxresponse = httpx.get('https://www.baidu.com')# 响应状态码 response.status_code # 响应头 response.headers # 响应cookie response.cookies # 请求url response.url # 历史记录 response.history

六、使用client发送请求

import httpxwith httpx.Client() as client: response = client.get('https://www.baidu.com') print(response.text)

七、HTTP代理

import httpxproxies= { 'http': 'http://127.0.0.1:9999', 'https': 'http://127.0.0.1:8888' }with httpx.Client(proxies=proxies) as client: response = client.get('https://www.baidu.com') print(response)

八、超时处理

import httpx# 普通请求超时处理 httpx.get('https://www.baidu.com', timeout=10.0)# 普通请求关闭超时处理 httpx.get('https://www.baidu.com', timeout=None)# client实例超时处理 with httpx.Client() as client: client.get('https://www.baidu.com', timeout=None)# client实例关闭超时处理 with httpx.Client() as client: client.get('https://www.baidu.com', timeout=10.0)

九、SSL验证

import httpx# 自带ca证书 response = httpx.get('https://www.baidu.com', verify="path/cert/client.pem")# 完全禁用SSL验证 response = httpx.get('https://www.baidu.com', verify=False)

十、异步操作
使用async/await语句来进行异步操作
使用异步client比使用多线程发送请求更加高效，更能体现明显的性能优势

import asyncio import httpxasync def main(): async with httpx.AsyncClient() as client: response = await client.get('https://www.baidu.com') print(response)if __name__ == '__main__': asyncio.run(main())

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