药物|尿酸降不下来?当心这5类药物在作怪( 二 )


● 抗结核药物
吡嗪酰胺是一种抗分枝杆菌药物,作为一种强效尿酸盐潴留剂,不仅会诱发高尿酸血症,还可能导致急性痛风性发作 。在300mg/d的剂量下,吡嗪酰胺可导致尿酸的肾脏清除率降低超过80% 。
吡嗪酰胺与别嘌呤醇、秋水仙碱、丙磺舒、磺吡酮合用,可增加血尿酸浓度而降低上述药物对痛风的疗效,因此合用时应调整剂量 。
乙胺丁醇也可诱导血清尿酸水平显著升高,主要出现在治疗后第2-4周 。乙胺丁醇同样可诱发痛风性关节炎 。
● 硫唑嘌呤、巯嘌呤
硫唑嘌呤系巯嘌呤的咪唑衍生物,在体内分解为巯嘌呤而起作用 。其免疫作用机制与巯嘌呤相同,即具有嘌呤拮抗作用 。
由于别嘌呤醇和非布司他等抑制尿酸生成药可抑制黄嘌呤氧化酶,非布司他与硫唑嘌呤或巯嘌呤同服会使巯嘌呤的血药浓度升高,从而导致其骨髓抑制等不良反应增强 。
因此,硫唑嘌呤或巯嘌呤禁用于正在接受非布司他治疗的患者 。与别嘌醇合用时硫唑嘌呤应减至原剂量的1/4 。
小结
总之,药物诱导的高尿酸血症和痛风是临床实践中日益普遍的问题 。药物通过各种机制升高血清尿酸水平 。因治疗需要而不能避免联合用药时,患者必须维持充分水化,并持续监测尿酸水平,尽可能减少不良反应的发生 。
参考文献:
[1]. 药品说明书.
[2].CChen Y, Cheng J, Chen Y, et al. Association between serum vitamin D and uric acid in the eastern Chinese population: a population-based cross-sectional study. BMC Endocr Disord. 2020;20(1):79.
[3]. Kanbay M, Akcay A, Huddam B, et al. Influence of cyclosporine and tacrolimus on serum uric acid levels in stable kidney transplant recipients. Transplant Proc. 2005;37(7):3119-3120.
[4]. Ben Salem C, Slim R, Fathallah N, Hmouda H. Drug-induced hyperuricaemia and gout. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2017;56(5):679-688.
[5]. Wilson L, Nair KV, Saseen JJ. Comparison of new-onset gout in adults prescribed chlorthalidone vs. hydrochlorothiazide for hypertension. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2014;16(12):864-868.
[6]. Peterzan MA, Hardy R, Chaturvedi N, Hughes AD. Meta-analysis of dose-response relationships for hydrochlorothiazide, chlorthalidone, and bendroflumethiazide on blood pressure, serum potassium, and urate. Hypertension. 2012;59(6):1104-1109.
[7]. Vandell AG, McDonough CW, Gong Y, et al. Hydrochlorothiazide-induced hyperuricaemia in the pharmacogenomic evaluation of antihypertensive responses study. J Intern Med. 2014;276(5):486-497.
[8]. Ohshiro K, Sakima A, Nakada S, et al. Beneficial effect of switching from a combination of angiotensin II receptor blockers other than losartan and thiazides to a fixed dose of losartan/hydrochlorothiazide on uric acid metabolism in hypertensive patients. Clin Exp Hypertens. 2011;33(8):565-570.
[9]. Caliceti C, Calabria D, Roda A, Cicero AFG. Fructose Intake, Serum Uric Acid, and Cardiometabolic Disorders: A Critical Review. Nutrients. 2017;9(4):395.
[10]. Zhang P, Wang H, Chen XH, Liang WY, Liu WW, Liu ML. Effect of low-dose aspirin on serum uric acid levels in Chinese individuals over 60: subanalysis of a multicentre randomized clinical trial. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2020;24(5):2719-2724.
[11]. Nardin M, Verdoia M, Pergolini P, et al. Serum uric acid levels during dual antiplatelet therapy with ticagrelor or clopidogrel: Results from a single-centre study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2016;26(7):567
本文来源;医学界临床药学频道
【药物|尿酸降不下来?当心这5类药物在作怪】编辑:徐少卿审校:陈雪礼

推荐阅读