C++实现LeetCode(63.不同的路径之二)

[LeetCode] 63. Unique Paths II 不同的路径之二 A robot is located at the top-left corner of a m x n grid (marked 'Start' in the diagram below).
The robot can only move either down or right at any point in time. The robot is trying to reach the bottom-right corner of the grid (marked 'Finish' in the diagram below).
Now consider if some obstacles are added to the grids. How many unique paths would there be?
C++实现LeetCode(63.不同的路径之二)
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An obstacle and empty space is marked as 1 and 0 respectively in the grid.
Note: m and n will be at most 100.
【C++实现LeetCode(63.不同的路径之二)】Example 1:

Input:
[
[0,0,0],
[0,1,0],
[0,0,0]
]
Output: 2
Explanation:
There is one obstacle in the middle of the 3x3 grid above.
There are two ways to reach the bottom-right corner:
1. Right -> Right -> Down -> Down
2. Down -> Down -> Right -> Right
这道题是之前那道 Unique Paths 的延伸,在路径中加了一些障碍物,还是用动态规划 Dynamic Programming 来解,使用一个二维的 dp 数组,大小为 (m+1) x (n+1),这里的 dp[i][j] 表示到达 (i-1, j-1) 位置的不同路径的数量,那么i和j需要更新的范围就是 [1, m] 和 [1, n]。状态转移方程跟之前那道题是一样的,因为每个位置只能由其上面和左面的位置移动而来,所以也是由其上面和左边的 dp 值相加来更新当前的 dp 值,如下所示:
dp[i][j] = dp[i-1][j] + dp[i][j-1]
这里就能看出来初始化 d p数组的大小为 (m+1) x (n+1),是为了 handle 边缘情况,当i或j为0时,减1可能会出错。当某个位置是障碍物时,其 dp 值为0,直接跳过该位置即可。这里还需要初始化 dp 数组的某个值,使得其能正常累加。当起点不是障碍物时,其 dp 值应该为1,即dp[1][1] = 1,由于其是由 dp[0][1] + dp[1][0] 更新而来,所以二者中任意一个初始化为1即可。由于之后 LeetCode 更新了这道题的 test case,使得使用 int 型的 dp 数组会有溢出的错误,所以改为使用 long 型的数组来避免 overflow,代码如下:
解法一:
class Solution {public:int uniquePathsWithObstacles(vector>& obstacleGrid) {if (obstacleGrid.empty() || obstacleGrid[0].empty() || obstacleGrid[0][0] == 1) return 0; int m = obstacleGrid.size(), n = obstacleGrid[0].size(); vector> dp(m + 1, vector(n + 1, 0)); dp[0][1] = 1; for (int i = 1; i <= m; ++i) {for (int j = 1; j <= n; ++j) {if (obstacleGrid[i - 1][j - 1] != 0) continue; dp[i][j] = dp[i - 1][j] + dp[i][j - 1]; }}return dp[m][n]; }};

或者我们也可以使用一维 dp 数组来解,省一些空间,参见代码如下:
解法二:
class Solution {public:int uniquePathsWithObstacles(vector>& obstacleGrid) {if (obstacleGrid.empty() || obstacleGrid[0].empty() || obstacleGrid[0][0] == 1) return 0; int m = obstacleGrid.size(), n = obstacleGrid[0].size(); vector dp(n, 0); dp[0] = 1; for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) {for (int j = 0; j < n; ++j) {if (obstacleGrid[i][j] == 1) dp[j] = 0; else if (j > 0) dp[j] += dp[j - 1]; }}return dp[n - 1]; }};

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