Django CRUD（创建读取更新删除）示例 DjangoCRUD（创建读取更新删除）

本文概述

运行服务器
访问浏览器
添加记录
更新记录
删除记录

要创建执行CRUD操作的Django应用程序, 请执行以下步骤。
1.创建一个项目

$ django-admin startproject crudexample

2.创建一个应用

$ python3 manage.py startapp employee

3.项目结构
最初, 我们的项目如下所示：

4.数据库设置
在mysql中创建数据库djangodb, 并配置到django项目的settings.py文件中。参见示例。
// settings.py

DATABASES = {'default': {'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql', 'NAME': 'djangodb', 'USER':'root', 'PASSWORD':'mysql', 'HOST':'localhost', 'PORT':'3306'}}

5.建立模型
将以下代码放入models.py文件中。
// models.py

from django.db import modelsclass Employee(models.Model):eid = models.CharField(max_length=20)ename = models.CharField(max_length=100)eemail = models.EmailField()econtact = models.CharField(max_length=15)class Meta:db_table = "employee"

6.创建一个ModelForm
// forms.py

from django import formsfrom employee.models import Employeeclass EmployeeForm(forms.ModelForm):class Meta:model = Employeefields = "__all__"

7.创建视图功能
// views.py

from django.shortcuts import render, redirectfrom employee.forms import EmployeeFormfrom employee.models import Employee# Create your views here.def emp(request):if request.method == "POST":form = EmployeeForm(request.POST)if form.is_valid():try:form.save()return redirect('/show')except:passelse:form = EmployeeForm()return render(request, 'index.html', {'form':form})def show(request):employees = Employee.objects.all()return render(request, "show.html", {'employees':employees})def edit(request, id):employee = Employee.objects.get(id=id)return render(request, 'edit.html', {'employee':employee})def update(request, id):employee = Employee.objects.get(id=id)form = EmployeeForm(request.POST, instance = employee)if form.is_valid():form.save()return redirect("/show")return render(request, 'edit.html', {'employee': employee})def destroy(request, id):employee = Employee.objects.get(id=id)employee.delete()return redirect("/show")

8.提供路由
提供URL模式以使用视图功能进行映射。
// urls.py

from django.contrib import adminfrom django.urls import pathfrom employee import viewsurlpatterns = [path('admin/', admin.site.urls), path('emp', views.emp), path('show', views.show), path('edit/< int:id> ', views.edit), path('update/< int:id> ', views.update), path('delete/< int:id> ', views.destroy), ]

【Django CRUD（创建读取更新删除）示例】9.组织模板
在员工应用程序内创建一个模板文件夹, 并在目录内创建三个（索引, 编辑, 显示）html文件。每个代码如下。
// index.html

< !DOCTYPE html> < html lang="en"> < head> < meta charset="UTF-8"> < title> Index< /title> {% load staticfiles %}< link rel="stylesheet" href="http://www.srcmini.com/{% static'css/style.css' %}"/> < /head> < body> < form method="POST" class="post-form" action="/emp"> {% csrf_token %}< div class="container"> < br> < div class="form-group row"> < label class="col-sm-1 col-form-label"> < /label> < div class="col-sm-4"> < h3> Enter Details< /h3> < /div> < /div> < div class="form-group row"> < label class="col-sm-2 col-form-label"> Employee Id:< /label> < div class="col-sm-4"> {{ form.eid }}< /div> < /div> < div class="form-group row"> < label class="col-sm-2 col-form-label"> Employee Name:< /label> < div class="col-sm-4"> {{ form.ename }}< /div> < /div> < div class="form-group row"> < label class="col-sm-2 col-form-label"> Employee Email:< /label> < div class="col-sm-4"> {{ form.eemail }}< /div> < /div> < div class="form-group row"> < label class="col-sm-2 col-form-label"> Employee Contact:< /label> < div class="col-sm-4"> {{ form.econtact }}< /div> < /div> < div class="form-group row"> < label class="col-sm-1 col-form-label"> < /label> < div class="col-sm-4"> < button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary"> Submit< /button> < /div> < /div> < /div> < /form> < /body> < /html>

// show.html

< !DOCTYPE html> < html lang="en"> < head> < meta charset="UTF-8"> < title> Employee Records< /title> {% load staticfiles %}< link rel="stylesheet" href="http://www.srcmini.com/{% static'css/style.css' %}"/> < /head> < body> < table class="table table-striped table-bordered table-sm"> < thead class="thead-dark"> < tr> < th> Employee ID< /th> < th> Employee Name< /th> < th> Employee Email< /th> < th> Employee Contact< /th> < th> Actions< /th> < /tr> < /thead> < tbody> {% for employee in employees %}< tr> < td> {{ employee.eid }}< /td> < td> {{ employee.ename }}< /td> < td> {{ employee.eemail }}< /td> < td> {{ employee.econtact }}< /td> < td> < a href="http://www.srcmini.com/edit/{{ employee.id }}"> < span class="glyphicon glyphicon-pencil" > Edit< /span> < /a> < a href="http://www.srcmini.com/delete/{{ employee.id }}"> Delete< /a> < /td> < /tr> {% endfor %}< /tbody> < /table> < br> < br> < center> < a href="http://www.srcmini.com/emp" class="btn btn-primary"> Add New Record< /a> < /center> < /body> < /html>

// edit.html

< !DOCTYPE html> < html lang="en"> < head> < meta charset="UTF-8"> < title> Index< /title> {% load staticfiles %}< link rel="stylesheet" href="http://www.srcmini.com/{% static'css/style.css' %}"/> < /head> < body> < form method="POST" class="post-form" action="/update/{{employee.id}}"> {% csrf_token %}< div class="container"> < br> < div class="form-group row"> < label class="col-sm-1 col-form-label"> < /label> < div class="col-sm-4"> < h3> Update Details< /h3> < /div> < /div> < div class="form-group row"> < label class="col-sm-2 col-form-label"> Employee Id:< /label> < div class="col-sm-4"> < input type="text" name="eid" id="id_eid" required maxlength="20" value="http://www.srcmini.com/{{ employee.eid }}"/> < /div> < /div> < div class="form-group row"> < label class="col-sm-2 col-form-label"> Employee Name:< /label> < div class="col-sm-4"> < input type="text" name="ename" id="id_ename" required maxlength="100" value="http://www.srcmini.com/{{ employee.ename }}" /> < /div> < /div> < div class="form-group row"> < label class="col-sm-2 col-form-label"> Employee Email:< /label> < div class="col-sm-4"> < input type="email" name="eemail" id="id_eemail" required maxlength="254" value="http://www.srcmini.com/{{ employee.eemail }}" /> < /div> < /div> < div class="form-group row"> < label class="col-sm-2 col-form-label"> Employee Contact:< /label> < div class="col-sm-4"> < input type="text" name="econtact" id="id_econtact" required maxlength="15" value="http://www.srcmini.com/{{ employee.econtact }}" /> < /div> < /div> < div class="form-group row"> < label class="col-sm-1 col-form-label"> < /label> < div class="col-sm-4"> < button type="submit" class="btn btn-success"> Update< /button> < /div> < /div> < /div> < /form> < /body> < /html>

10.静态文件处理
在员工应用中创建一个static / css文件夹, 然后在其中放置一个CSS。单击此处下载css文件。
11.项目结构

12.创建迁移
使用以下命令为创建的模型雇员创建迁移。

$ python3 manage.py makemigrations

迁移后, 再执行一条命令以反映向数据库的迁移。但在此之前, 请在settings.py文件的INSTALLED_APPS中提及应用程序（员工）的名称。
// settings.py

INSTALLED_APPS = ['django.contrib.admin', 'django.contrib.auth', 'django.contrib.contenttypes', 'django.contrib.sessions', 'django.contrib.messages', 'django.contrib.staticfiles', 'employee']

运行命令以迁移迁移。