android ——后台下载

盛年不重来,一日难再晨,及时当勉励,岁月不待人。这篇文章主要讲述android ——后台下载相关的知识,希望能为你提供帮助。
这次的这个demo想要实现一个后台下载文件的功能,下载的时候会有一个告知进度的通知,
使用的依赖库就一个:

compile ‘com.squareup.okhttp3:okhttp:3.9.0‘

大体思路是创建一个AsyncTask运行在Service中,然后活动和Service进行通信,实现开始、暂停、取消下载的功能
所以先创建一个接口:
public interface DownloadListener { //用于通知当前下载进度 void onProgress(int progress); //用于通知下载成功 void onSuccess(); //用于通知下载失败 void onFailed(); //用于通知下载暂停 void onPaused(); //用于通知下载取消 void onCanceled(); }

然后是下载这个行为的AsyncTask,AsyncTask是一个可以十分简单的从子线程切换到主线程的工具,AsyncTask是一个抽象类所以要创建一个类去继承它。
首先AsyncTask有三个泛型参数,第一个Params是传入的参数的类型,这里需要传入的是文件下载的地址,所以设定为String类型,第二个参数是Progress后台任务执行的时候,需要显示进度时使用这里的泛型作为进度单位,所以这里设为Integer,第三个参数是Result用于反馈执行结果,这里依旧使用Integer
还有经常需要重写的四个方法,onPreExecute()这个方法是在任务开始前进行的,它由UI线程(主线程)调用,即可以进行UI操作,这里我想要在Service中执行这个下载的任务就不需要这个方法了就略过,然后是最重要的doInBackground(Params...),这个方法是onPreExecute()完成后,立即在后台进行的,用以执行任务,并将Result传给onPostExecute(Result)。另外,在此期间,可以调用publishProgress(Progress...),这个方法能够传递一些数据给onProgressUpdate(Progress...),所以这里就需要执行下载,保存,反馈进度所有的下载逻辑,再然后就是onProgressUpdate(Progress...)这里可以使用来自doInBackground的数据,然后UI的操作,这里就用来修改通知的进度条就行了,最后就是onPostExecute(Result)根据来自doInBackground的结果用于通知最后的结果了。
public class DownloadTask extends AsyncTask< String, Integer, Integer> {public static final int TYPE_SUCCESS = 0; public static final int TYPE_FAILED = 1; public static final int TYPE_PAUSED = 2; public static final int TYPE_CANCELED = 3; privateDownloadListener listener; private boolean isCanceled = false; private boolean isPaused = false; private int lastProgress; publicDownloadTask(DownloadListener listener){ this.listener = listener; }@Override protected Integer doInBackground(String... params) { InputStream is = null; RandomAccessFile savedFile = null; File file = null; try{ long downloadedLength = 0; //记录已经下载的文件长度 String downloadUrl = params[0]; String fileName = downloadUrl.substring(downloadUrl.lastIndexOf("/")); String directory = Environment.getExternalStoragePublicDirectory(Environment.DIRECTORY_DOWNLOADS).getPath(); file = new File(directory + fileName); if(file.exists()){ downloadedLength = file.length(); } long contentLength = getContentLength(downloadUrl); if(contentLength == 0){ return TYPE_FAILED; }else if(contentLength == downloadedLength){ //已下载字节与总文件字节相等 说明已经下载完成 return TYPE_SUCCESS; } OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient(); Request request = new Request.Builder() //断点下载,指定从那个字节下载 .addHeader("RANGE", "bytes=" + downloadedLength + "-") .url(downloadUrl) .build(); Response response = client.newCall(request).execute(); if (response != null){ is = response.body().byteStream(); savedFile = new RandomAccessFile(file, "rw"); savedFile.seek(downloadedLength); //跳过已经下载好的字节 byte[] b = new byte[1024]; int total = 0; int len; while((len = is.read(b)) != -1){ if(isCanceled){ return TYPE_CANCELED; }else if(isPaused){ return TYPE_PAUSED; }else { total += len; savedFile.write(b, 0, len); //计算已经下载的百分比 int progress = (int) ((total + downloadedLength) * 100 / contentLength); publishProgress(progress); } } response.body().close(); return TYPE_SUCCESS; } }catch (Exception e){ e.printStackTrace(); }finally { try { if(is != null){ is.close(); } if(savedFile != null){ savedFile.close(); } if (isCanceled & & file != null){ file.delete(); } }catch (Exception e){ e.printStackTrace(); } } return TYPE_FAILED; }@Override protected void onProgressUpdate(Integer... values) { int progress = values[0]; if(progress > lastProgress){ listener.onProgress(progress); lastProgress = progress; } }@Override protected void onPostExecute(Integer integer) { switch (integer){ case TYPE_SUCCESS: listener.onSuccess(); break; case TYPE_FAILED: listener.onFailed(); break; case TYPE_PAUSED: listener.onPaused(); break; case TYPE_CANCELED: listener.onCanceled(); break; default: break; } }public void pauseDownload(){ isPaused = true; }public void cancelDownload(){ isCanceled = true; }private long getContentLength(String downloadUrl) throws IOException{ OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient(); Request request = new Request.Builder() .url(downloadUrl) .build(); Response response = client.newCall(request).execute(); if(response != null & & response.isSuccessful()){ long contentLength = response.body().contentLength(); response.body().close(); return contentLength; } return0; } }

具体其中下载时候 保存、断点下载、中断的逻辑下次再说吧==。
【android ——后台下载】然后是Service,Service的使用同样需要创建一个类来继承Service,这次的主题是Service,其实应该写点小demo探究生命周期什么的==,算了以后弄把,这次改标题就好了。然后这次是想要使用服务执行一个任务,然后让活动绑定这个服务,然后使用服务中的提供的接口实现开始、暂停、取消的功能,
绑定服务是 Service 类的实现,可让其他应用与其绑定和交互。要提供服务绑定,您必须实现 onBind() 回调方法。该方法返回的 IBinder 对象定义了客户端用来与服务进行交互的编程接口。 客户端可通过调用 bindService() 绑定到服务。调用时,它必须提供 ServiceConnection 的实现,后者会监控与服务的连接。bindService() 方法会立即无值返回, 但当 android 系统创建客户端与服务之间的连接时,会对 ServiceConnection 调用 onServiceConnected(),向客户端传递用来与服务通信的 IBinder。

这是google文档中的描述,意思就是这个子类中要重写的方法只有onBind(),这个方法会返回一个IBinder对象,意思就是创建一个内部类继承自Binder,这个类里面的方法就需要实现开始、暂停、取消。然后使用这个类创建一个名为的IBinder对象在onBind()中返回就好了
public class DownloadService extends Service {privateDownloadTask downloadTask; privateString downloadUrl; private DownloadListener listener = new DownloadListener() { @Override public void onProgress(int progress) { getNotificationManager().notify(1, getNotification("Downloading...", progress)); }@Override public void onSuccess() { downloadTask =null; //下载成功后将前台服务通知关闭,并创建一个下载成功的通知 stopForeground(true); getNotificationManager().notify(1, getNotification("下载中", -1)); Toast.makeText(DownloadService.this, "下载成功", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); }@Override public void onFailed() { downloadTask =null; //下载失败后将前台服务通知关闭,并创建一个下载成功的通知 stopForeground(true); getNotificationManager().notify(1, getNotification("下载失败", -1)); Toast.makeText(DownloadService.this, "下载失败", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); }@Override public void onPaused() { downloadTask = null; Toast.makeText(DownloadService.this, "下载暂停", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); }@Override public void onCanceled() { downloadTask = null; stopForeground(true); Toast.makeText(DownloadService.this, "下载取消", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } }; private DownloadBinder mBinder = new DownloadBinder(); @Override public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) { return mBinder; }class DownloadBinder extends Binder{public void startDownload(String url){ if(downloadTask == null){ downloadUrl = url; downloadTask = new DownloadTask(listener); downloadTask.execute(downloadUrl); startForeground(1,getNotification("Downloading...", 0)); Toast.makeText(DownloadService.this, "下载中", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } }public void pauseDownload(){ if(downloadTask != null){ downloadTask.pauseDownload(); } }public void cancelDownload(){ if(downloadTask != null){ downloadTask.cancelDownload(); }else { if(downloadUrl != null){ //取消下载时需要将文件删除 String fileName = downloadUrl.substring(downloadUrl.lastIndexOf("/")); String directory = Environment.getExternalStoragePublicDirectory(Environment.DIRECTORY_DOWNLOADS).getPath(); File file = new File(directory + fileName); if(file.exists()){ file.delete(); } getNotificationManager().cancel(1); stopForeground(true); Toast.makeText(DownloadService.this, "取消", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } } } }private NotificationManager getNotificationManager(){ return (NotificationManager) getSystemService(NOTIFICATION_SERVICE); }private Notification getNotification(String title, int progress){ Intent intent = new Intent(this, MainActivity.class); PendingIntent pi = PendingIntent.getActivity(this, 0, intent, 0); NotificationCompat.Builder builder = new NotificationCompat.Builder(this); builder.setSmallIcon(R.mipmap.ic_launcher); builder.setLargeIcon(BitmapFactory.decodeResource(getResources(),R.mipmap.ic_launcher)); builder.setContentIntent(pi); builder.setContentTitle(title); if(progress > 0){ //当进度大于0或者等于0的时候才显示下载进度 builder.setContentText(progress + "%"); builder.setProgress(100, progress , false); } return builder.build(); } }

然后就是活动了,活动中要实现的就是控制服务中的任务,
Intent intent = new Intent(this, DownloadService.class); startService(intent); //启动服务 bindService(intent, connection, BIND_AUTO_CREATE); //绑定服务

首先是启动和绑定这个服务。其中的connection是一个需要重写的匿名类
private DownloadService.DownloadBinder downloadBinder; private ServiceConnection connection = new ServiceConnection() { @Override public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName componentName, IBinder iBinder) { downloadBinder = (DownloadService.DownloadBinder) iBinder; }@Override public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName componentName) {} };

downloadBinder就是在服务中创建的类,这里的绑定只需要把服务返回的iBinder实例化即可。
整体的代码是这样:
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {private DownloadService.DownloadBinder downloadBinder; private ServiceConnection connection = new ServiceConnection() { @Override public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName componentName, IBinder iBinder) { downloadBinder = (DownloadService.DownloadBinder) iBinder; }@Override public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName componentName) {} }; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); Button startDownload = (Button) findViewById(R.id.start_download); Button pauseDownload = (Button) findViewById(R.id.pause_download); Button cancelDownload = (Button) findViewById(R.id.cancel_download); Intent intent = new Intent(this, DownloadService.class); startService(intent); //启动服务 bindService(intent, connection, BIND_AUTO_CREATE); //绑定服务 if(ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(MainActivity.this, android.Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){ ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(MainActivity.this, new String[]{android.Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE},1); }startDownload.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View view) { String url = "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/guolindev/eclipse/master/eclipse-inst-win64.exe"; downloadBinder.startDownload(url); } }); pauseDownload.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View view) { downloadBinder.pauseDownload(); } }); cancelDownload.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View view) { downloadBinder.cancelDownload(); } }); }@Override public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) { switch (requestCode){ case 1: if (grantResults.length > 0 & & grantResults[0] != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){ Toast.makeText(this, "拒绝权限将无法使用程序",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); finish(); } break; default: } }@Override protected void onDestroy() { super.onDestroy(); unbindService(connection); } }

然后还有注意权限的申请
< manifest ... < uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/> < uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/> ... < /manifest>


    推荐阅读