Android Camera2 拍照入门学习

愿君学长松,慎勿作桃李。这篇文章主要讲述Android Camera2 拍照入门学习相关的知识,希望能为你提供帮助。
原文:Android Camera2 拍照入门学习学习资料:

  • 肾虚将军android camera2 详解说明
  • 极客学院android.hardware.camera2 使用指南
android 5.0(21)之后,android.hardware.Camera被废弃(下面称为Camera1),还有一个android.graphics.Camera,这个android.graphics.Camera不是用来照相的,是用来处理图像的,可以做出3D的图像效果之类的,之前的Camera1则由android.hardware.Camera2来代替
Camera2支持RAW输出,可以调节曝光,对焦模式,快门等,功能比原先Camera强大
1.Camera1使用
使用步骤:
  1. 调用Camera.open(),打开相机,默认为后置,可以根据摄像头ID来指定打开前置还是后置
  2. 调用Camera.getParameters()得到一个Camera.Parameters对象
  3. 使用步骤2得到的Camera.Parameters对象,对拍照参数进行设置
  4. 调用Camera.setPreviewDispaly(SurfaceHolder holder),指定使用哪个SurfaceView来显示预览图片
  5. 调用Camera.startPreview()方法开始预览取景
  6. 调用Camera.takePicture()方法进行拍照
  7. 拍照结束后,调用Camera.stopPreview()结束取景预览,之后再replease()方法释放资源
这几个步骤从疯狂Android讲义中学到
1.1简单使用使用SurfaceView进行取景的预览,点击屏幕进行拍照,用ImageView来展示拍的照片

Android Camera2 拍照入门学习

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取景
Android Camera2 拍照入门学习

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拍照预览
想买关于操作系统和C的书看,知乎很多人推荐这两本,就买了,感觉确实不错
布局文件:
< RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent"> < SurfaceView android:id="@+id/surface_view_camera2_activity" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" /> < ImageView android:id="@+id/iv_show_camera2_activity" android:layout_width="180dp" android:layout_height="320dp" android:visibility="gone" android:layout_centerInParent="true" android:scaleType="centerCrop" /> < /RelativeLayout>

Activity代码:
public class CameraActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener {private SurfaceView mSurfaceView; private SurfaceHolder mSurfaceHolder; private Camera mCamera; private ImageView iv_show; private int viewWidth, viewHeight; //mSurfaceView的宽和高@Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_camera2); initView(); }/** * 初始化控件 */ private void initView() { iv_show = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.iv_show_camera2_activity); //mSurfaceView mSurfaceView = (SurfaceView) findViewById(R.id.surface_view_camera2_activity); mSurfaceHolder = mSurfaceView.getHolder(); // mSurfaceView 不需要自己的缓冲区 mSurfaceHolder.setType(SurfaceHolder.SURFACE_TYPE_PUSH_BUFFERS); // mSurfaceView添加回调 mSurfaceHolder.addCallback(new SurfaceHolder.Callback() { @Override public void surfaceCreated(SurfaceHolder holder) { //SurfaceView创建 // 初始化Camera initCamera(); }@Override public void surfaceChanged(SurfaceHolder holder, int format, int width, int height) { }@Override public void surfaceDestroyed(SurfaceHolder holder) { //SurfaceView销毁 // 释放Camera资源 if (mCamera != null) { mCamera.stopPreview(); mCamera.release(); } } }); //设置点击监听 mSurfaceView.setOnClickListener(this); }@Override public void onWindowFocusChanged(boolean hasFocus) { super.onWindowFocusChanged(hasFocus); if (mSurfaceView != null) { viewWidth = mSurfaceView.getWidth(); viewHeight = mSurfaceView.getHeight(); } }/** * SurfaceHolder 回调接口方法 */ private void initCamera() { mCamera = Camera.open(); //默认开启后置 mCamera.setDisplayOrientation(90); //摄像头进行旋转90° if (mCamera != null) { try { Camera.Parameters parameters = mCamera.getParameters(); //设置预览照片的大小 parameters.setPreviewFpsRange(viewWidth, viewHeight); //设置相机预览照片帧数 parameters.setPreviewFpsRange(4, 10); //设置图片格式 parameters.setPictureFormat(ImageFormat.JPEG); //设置图片的质量 parameters.set("jpeg-quality", 90); //设置照片的大小 parameters.setPictureSize(viewWidth, viewHeight); //通过SurfaceView显示预览 mCamera.setPreviewDisplay(mSurfaceHolder); //开始预览 mCamera.startPreview(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }/** * 点击回调方法 */ @Override public void onClick(View v) { if (mCamera == null) return; //自动对焦后拍照 mCamera.autoFocus(autoFocusCallback); }/** * 自动对焦 对焦成功后 就进行拍照 */ Camera.AutoFocusCallback autoFocusCallback = new Camera.AutoFocusCallback() { @Override public void onAutoFocus(boolean success, Camera camera) { if (success) {//对焦成功camera.takePicture(new Camera.ShutterCallback() {//按下快门 @Override public void onShutter() { //按下快门瞬间的操作 } }, new Camera.PictureCallback() { @Override public void onPictureTaken(byte[] data, Camera camera) {//是否保存原始图片的信息} }, pictureCallback); } } }; /** * 获取图片 */ Camera.PictureCallback pictureCallback = new Camera.PictureCallback() { @Override public void onPictureTaken(byte[] data, Camera camera) { final Bitmap resource = BitmapFactory.decodeByteArray(data, 0, data.length); if (resource == null) { Toast.makeText(CameraActivity.this, "拍照失败", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } final Matrix matrix = new Matrix(); matrix.setRotate(90); final Bitmap bitmap = Bitmap.createBitmap(resource, 0, 0, resource.getWidth(), resource.getHeight(), matrix, true); if (bitmap != null & & iv_show != null & & iv_show.getVisibility() == View.GONE) { mCamera.stopPreview(); iv_show.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE); mSurfaceView.setVisibility(View.GONE); Toast.makeText(CameraActivity.this, "拍照", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); iv_show.setImageBitmap(bitmap); } } }; }

权限:
< uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CAMERA" />

在获得图片后,想要显示的效果是照片是竖直显示,resource显示的却是逆时针旋转了90°,照片是横着的,就使用matrix.setRotate(90)进行旋转
2.Camera2
Android Camera2 拍照入门学习

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Camera2拍照示意图
这里引用了管道的概念将安卓设备和摄像头之间联通起来,系统向摄像头发送 Capture 请求,而摄像头会返回 CameraMetadata。这一切建立在一个叫作 CameraCaptureSession 的会话中。
Android Camera2 拍照入门学习

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camera2中主要的类【Android Camera2 拍照入门学习】
以上从极客学院android.hardware.camera2 使用指南摘抄
  • CameraManaer 摄像头管理器,用于检测摄像头,打开系统摄像头,调用CameraManager.getCameraCharacteristics(String)可以获取指定摄像头的相关特性
  • CameraCharacteristics 摄像头的特性
  • CameraDevice 摄像头,类似android.hardware.Camera也就是Camera1Camera
  • CameraCaptureSession 这个对象控制摄像头的预览或者拍照,setRepeatingRequest()开启预览,capture()拍照,CameraCaptureSession提供了StateCallback、CaptureCallback两个接口来监听CameraCaptureSession的创建和拍照过程。
  • CameraRequest和CameraRequest.Builder,预览或者拍照时,都需要一个CameraRequest对象。CameraRequest表示一次捕获请求,用来对z照片的各种参数设置,比如对焦模式、曝光模式等。CameraRequest.Builder用来生成CameraRequest对象。
以上从肾虚将军的android camera2 详解说明摘抄
2.1 简单使用使用的依然是SurfaceView来进行展示预览
主要思路:
  1. 获得摄像头管理器CameraManager mCameraManagermCameraManager.openCamera()来打开摄像头
  2. 指定要打开的摄像头,并创建openCamera()所需要的CameraDevice.StateCallback stateCallback
  3. CameraDevice.StateCallback stateCallback中调用takePreview(),这个方法中,使用CaptureRequest.Builder创建预览需要的CameraRequest,并初始化了CameraCaptureSession,最后调用了setRepeatingRequest(previewRequest, null, childHandler)进行了预览
  4. 点击屏幕,调用takePicture(),这个方法内,最终调用了capture(mCaptureRequest, null, childHandler)
  5. new ImageReader.OnImageAvailableListener(){}回调方法中,将拍照拿到的图片进行展示
代码:
public class Camera2Activity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener { private static final SparseIntArray ORIENTATIONS = new SparseIntArray(); ///为了使照片竖直显示 static { ORIENTATIONS.append(Surface.ROTATION_0, 90); ORIENTATIONS.append(Surface.ROTATION_90, 0); ORIENTATIONS.append(Surface.ROTATION_180, 270); ORIENTATIONS.append(Surface.ROTATION_270, 180); }private SurfaceView mSurfaceView; private SurfaceHolder mSurfaceHolder; private ImageView iv_show; private CameraManager mCameraManager; //摄像头管理器 private Handler childHandler, mainHandler; private String mCameraID; //摄像头Id 0 为后1 为前 private ImageReader mImageReader; private CameraCaptureSession mCameraCaptureSession; private CameraDevice mCameraDevice; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_camera2); initVIew(); }/** * 初始化 */ private void initVIew() { iv_show = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.iv_show_camera2_activity); //mSurfaceView mSurfaceView = (SurfaceView) findViewById(R.id.surface_view_camera2_activity); mSurfaceView.setOnClickListener(this); mSurfaceHolder = mSurfaceView.getHolder(); mSurfaceHolder.setKeepScreenOn(true); // mSurfaceView添加回调 mSurfaceHolder.addCallback(new SurfaceHolder.Callback() { @Override public void surfaceCreated(SurfaceHolder holder) { //SurfaceView创建 // 初始化Camera initCamera2(); }@Override public void surfaceChanged(SurfaceHolder holder, int format, int width, int height) { }@Override public void surfaceDestroyed(SurfaceHolder holder) { //SurfaceView销毁 // 释放Camera资源 if (null != mCameraDevice) { mCameraDevice.close(); Camera2Activity.this.mCameraDevice = null; } } }); }/** * 初始化Camera2 */ @RequiresApi(api = Build.VERSION_CODES.LOLLIPOP) private void initCamera2() { HandlerThread handlerThread = new HandlerThread("Camera2"); handlerThread.start(); childHandler = new Handler(handlerThread.getLooper()); mainHandler = new Handler(getMainLooper()); mCameraID = "" + CameraCharacteristics.LENS_FACING_FRONT; //后摄像头 mImageReader = ImageReader.newInstance(1080, 1920, ImageFormat.JPEG,1); mImageReader.setOnImageAvailableListener(new ImageReader.OnImageAvailableListener() { //可以在这里处理拍照得到的临时照片 例如,写入本地 @Override public void onImageAvailable(ImageReader reader) { mCameraDevice.close(); mSurfaceView.setVisibility(View.GONE); iv_show.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE); // 拿到拍照照片数据 Image image = reader.acquireNextImage(); ByteBuffer buffer = image.getPlanes()[0].getBuffer(); byte[] bytes = new byte[buffer.remaining()]; buffer.get(bytes); //由缓冲区存入字节数组 final Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeByteArray(bytes, 0, bytes.length); if (bitmap != null) { iv_show.setImageBitmap(bitmap); } } }, mainHandler); //获取摄像头管理 mCameraManager = (CameraManager) getSystemService(Context.CAMERA_SERVICE); try { if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.CAMERA) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) { return; } //打开摄像头 mCameraManager.openCamera(mCameraID, stateCallback, mainHandler); } catch (CameraAccessException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } }/** * 摄像头创建监听 */ private CameraDevice.StateCallback stateCallback = new CameraDevice.StateCallback() { @Override public void onOpened(CameraDevice camera) {//打开摄像头 mCameraDevice = camera; //开启预览 takePreview(); }@Override public void onDisconnected(CameraDevice camera) {//关闭摄像头 if (null != mCameraDevice) { mCameraDevice.close(); Camera2Activity.this.mCameraDevice = null; } }@Override public void onError(CameraDevice camera, int error) {//发生错误 Toast.makeText(Camera2Activity.this, "摄像头开启失败", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } }; /** * 开始预览 */ private void takePreview() { try { // 创建预览需要的CaptureRequest.Builder final CaptureRequest.Builder previewRequestBuilder = mCameraDevice.createCaptureRequest(CameraDevice.TEMPLATE_PREVIEW); // 将SurfaceView的surface作为CaptureRequest.Builder的目标 previewRequestBuilder.addTarget(mSurfaceHolder.getSurface()); // 创建CameraCaptureSession,该对象负责管理处理预览请求和拍照请求 mCameraDevice.createCaptureSession(Arrays.asList(mSurfaceHolder.getSurface(), mImageReader.getSurface()), new CameraCaptureSession.StateCallback() // ③ { @Override public void onConfigured(CameraCaptureSession cameraCaptureSession) { if (null == mCameraDevice) return; // 当摄像头已经准备好时,开始显示预览 mCameraCaptureSession = cameraCaptureSession; try { // 自动对焦 previewRequestBuilder.set(CaptureRequest.CONTROL_AF_MODE, CaptureRequest.CONTROL_AF_MODE_CONTINUOUS_PICTURE); // 打开闪光灯 previewRequestBuilder.set(CaptureRequest.CONTROL_AE_MODE, CaptureRequest.CONTROL_AE_MODE_ON_AUTO_FLASH); // 显示预览 CaptureRequest previewRequest = previewRequestBuilder.build(); mCameraCaptureSession.setRepeatingRequest(previewRequest, null, childHandler); } catch (CameraAccessException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } }@Override public void onConfigureFailed(CameraCaptureSession cameraCaptureSession) { Toast.makeText(Camera2Activity.this, "配置失败", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } }, childHandler); } catch (CameraAccessException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } }/** * 点击事件 */ @Override public void onClick(View v) { takePicture(); }/** * 拍照 */ private void takePicture() { if (mCameraDevice == null) return; // 创建拍照需要的CaptureRequest.Builder final CaptureRequest.Builder captureRequestBuilder; try { captureRequestBuilder = mCameraDevice.createCaptureRequest(CameraDevice.TEMPLATE_STILL_CAPTURE); // 将imageReader的surface作为CaptureRequest.Builder的目标 captureRequestBuilder.addTarget(mImageReader.getSurface()); // 自动对焦 captureRequestBuilder.set(CaptureRequest.CONTROL_AF_MODE, CaptureRequest.CONTROL_AF_MODE_CONTINUOUS_PICTURE); // 自动曝光 captureRequestBuilder.set(CaptureRequest.CONTROL_AE_MODE, CaptureRequest.CONTROL_AE_MODE_ON_AUTO_FLASH); // 获取手机方向 int rotation = getWindowManager().getDefaultDisplay().getRotation(); // 根据设备方向计算设置照片的方向 captureRequestBuilder.set(CaptureRequest.JPEG_ORIENTATION, ORIENTATIONS.get(rotation)); //拍照 CaptureRequest mCaptureRequest = captureRequestBuilder.build(); mCameraCaptureSession.capture(mCaptureRequest, null, childHandler); } catch (CameraAccessException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }

布局代码以及权限与Camera1中一样,效果一样
预览时,是将mSurfaceHolder.getSurface()作为目标
显示拍照结果时,是将mImageReader.getSurface()作为目标
3.最后Camera2的功能很强大,暂时也只是学习了最基本的思路
住的地方,没有桌子,于是坐地上,趴在床上敲代码,腰疼。逛淘宝买桌子去
感谢极客学院和肾虚将军的学习资料


文/英勇青铜5(简书作者)
原文链接:http://www.jianshu.com/p/7f766eb2f4e7
著作权归作者所有,转载请联系作者获得授权,并标注“简书作者”。

















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