学向勤中得,萤窗万卷书。这篇文章主要讲述Java技术指南「TestNG专题」单元测试框架之TestNG使用教程指南(下)相关的知识,希望能为你提供帮助。
承接上文
分组测试
这个group说明可以是在单个的测试方法上,也可以在class上,只要具有同样的group名称都会在同一个group中,同时group名称可以有多个,类似@Test(groups = {"
mysql"
,"
database"
})这种,范例如下:
一个测试文件NewTest.class:
public class NewTest {
@Test(groups="group1")
public void test1() {
System.out.println("test1 from group1");
Assert.assertTrue(true);
}@Test(groups="group1")
public void test11() {
System.out.println("test11 from group1");
Assert.assertTrue(true);
}@Test(groups="group2")
public void test2()
{
System.out.println("test2 from group2");
Assert.assertTrue(true);
}@BeforeTest
public void beforeTest()
{
System.out.println("beforeTest");
}@AfterTest
public void afterTest()
{
System.out.println("afterTest");
}@BeforeClass
public void beforeClass()
{
System.out.println("beforeClass");
}@AfterClass
public void afterClass()
{
System.out.println("afterClass");
}@BeforeSuite
public void beforeSuite()
{
System.out.println("beforeSuite");
}@AfterSuite
public void afterSuite()
{
System.out.println("afterSuite");
}@BeforeGroups(groups="group1")
public void beforeGroups()
{
System.out.println("beforeGroups");
}@AfterGroups(groups="group1")
public void afterGroups()
{
System.out.println("afterGroups");
}@BeforeMethod
public void beforeMethod()
{
System.out.println("beforeMethod");
}@AfterMethod
public void afterMethod()
{
System.out.println("afterMethod");
}
}
另一个TestCase1.class:
@Test(groups= "group2")
public class TestCase1 {@Test(enabled=false)
public void TestNgLearn1() {
System.out.println("this is TestNG test case1");
}
@Test
public void TestNgLearn2() {
System.out.println("this is TestNG test case2");
}
}
xml如下:
<
?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<
suite name="Suite" parallel="false">
<
test name="Test">
<
groups>
<
include name="group1">
<
/incloud>
<
include name="group2">
<
/incloud>
<
/groups>
<
classes>
<
class name="com.demo.test.testng.NewTest"/>
<
class name="com.demo.test.testng.TestCase1"/>
<
/classes>
<
/test>
<
!-- Test -->
<
/suite>
<
!-- Suite -->
运行结果如下:
beforeSuite
beforeTest
beforeClass
beforeGroups
beforeMethod
test1 from group1
afterMethod
beforeMethod
test11 from group1
afterMethod
afterGroups
beforeMethod
test2 from group2
afterMethod
afterClass
this is TestNG test case2
afterTest
afterSuite
如上所示,先运行了group1的两个用例,再运行group2的两条用例;
注意在xml标识group,需要将要运行的group加进来,同时还要将被标识这些group的class也加进来,不被加进去的不会运行;
分suite测试
- 测试套件是用于测试软件程序的行为或一组行为的测试用例的集合。 在TestNG中,我们无法在测试源代码中定义一个套件,但它可以由一个XML文件表示,因为套件是执行的功能。 它还允许灵活配置要运行的测试。
- 套件可以包含一个或多个测试,并由< suite> 标记定义。< suite> 是testng.xml的根标记。 它描述了一个测试套件,它又由几个< test> 部分组成。
依赖测试TestNG允许指定依赖关系:
- 在@Test注释中使用属性dependsOnMethods
- 在@Test注释中使用属性dependsOnGroups
- hard依赖:默认为此依赖方式,即其所有依赖的methods或者groups必须全部pass,否则被标识依赖的类或者方法将会被略过,在报告中标识为skip,如后面的范例所示,此为默认的依赖方式;
- soft依赖:此方式下,其依赖的方法或者组有不是全部pass也不会影响被标识依赖的类或者方法的运行,注意如果使用此方式,则依赖者和被依赖者之间必须不存在成功失败的因果关系,否则会导致用例失败。
- 此方法在注解中需要加入alwaysRun=true即可,如@Test(dependsOnMethods= {" TestNgLearn1" }, alwaysRun=true);
public class TestCase1 {
@Test(enabled=true)
public void TestNgLearn1() {
System.out.println("this is TestNG test case1");
}
@Test(dependsOnMethods= {"TestNgLearn1"})
public void TestNgLearn2() {
System.out.println("this is TestNG test case2");
}
}
运行结果:
this is TestNG test case1
this is TestNG test case2
PASSED: TestNgLearn1
PASSED: TestNgLearn2
范例二,被依赖方法fail:
public class TestCase1 {
@Test(enabled=true)
public void TestNgLearn1() {
System.out.println("this is TestNG test case1");
Assert.assertFalse(true);
}
@Test(dependsOnMethods= {"TestNgLearn1"})
public void TestNgLearn2() {
System.out.println("this is TestNG test case2");
}
}
结果:
this is TestNG test case1
FAILED: TestNgLearn1
junit.framework.AssertionFailedError
at junit.framework.Assert.fail(Assert.java:47)
at junit.framework.Assert.assertTrue(Assert.java:20)
at junit.framework.Assert.assertFalse(Assert.java:34)
at junit.framework.Assert.assertFalse(Assert.java:41)
at com.demo.test.testng.TestCase1.TestNgLearn1(TestCase1.java:26)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
at org.testng.internal.MethodInvocationHelper.invokeMethod(MethodInvocationHelper.java:104)
at org.testng.internal.Invoker.invokeMethod(Invoker.java:645)
at org.testng.internal.Invoker.invokeTestMethod(Invoker.java:851)
at org.testng.internal.Invoker.invokeTestMethods(Invoker.java:1177)
at org.testng.internal.TestMethodWorker.invokeTestMethods(TestMethodWorker.java:129)
at org.testng.internal.TestMethodWorker.run(TestMethodWorker.java:112)
at org.testng.TestRunner.privateRun(TestRunner.java:756)
at org.testng.TestRunner.run(TestRunner.java:610)
at org.testng.SuiteRunner.runTest(SuiteRunner.java:387)
at org.testng.SuiteRunner.runSequentially(SuiteRunner.java:382)
at org.testng.SuiteRunner.privateRun(SuiteRunner.java:340)
at org.testng.SuiteRunner.run(SuiteRunner.java:289)
at org.testng.SuiteRunnerWorker.runSuite(SuiteRunnerWorker.java:52)
at org.testng.SuiteRunnerWorker.run(SuiteRunnerWorker.java:86)
at org.testng.TestNG.runSuitesSequentially(TestNG.java:1293)
at org.testng.TestNG.runSuitesLocally(TestNG.java:1218)
at org.testng.TestNG.runSuites(TestNG.java:1133)
at org.testng.TestNG.run(TestNG.java:1104)
at org.testng.remote.AbstractRemoteTestNG.run(AbstractRemoteTestNG.java:114)
at org.testng.remote.RemoteTestNG.initAndRun(RemoteTestNG.java:251)
at org.testng.remote.RemoteTestNG.main(RemoteTestNG.java:77)SKIPPED: TestNgLearn2
范例三、group依赖:
@Test(groups = { "init" })
public void serverStartedOk() {}@Test(groups = { "init" })
public void initEnvironment() {}@Test(dependsOnGroups = { "init.*" })
public void method1() {}
参数化测试TestNG可以通过两种不同的方式将参数直接传递给测试方法:
使用testng.xml 使用数据提供者下面分别介绍两种传参方式:
- 使用textng.xml传送参数
public class TestCase1 {
@Test(enabled=true)
@Parameters({"param1", "param2"})
public void TestNgLearn1(String param1, int param2) {
System.out.println("this is TestNG test case1, and param1 is:"+param1+";
param2 is:"+param2);
Assert.assertFalse(false);
}
@Test(dependsOnMethods= {"TestNgLearn1"})
public void TestNgLearn2() {
System.out.println("this is TestNG test case2");
}
}
xml配置:
<
?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<
suite name="Suite" parallel="false">
<
test name="Test">
<
parameter name="param1" value="https://www.songbingjia.com/android/1011111" />
<
parameter name="param2" value="https://www.songbingjia.com/android/10" />
<
classes>
<
class name="com.demo.test.testng.TestCase1"/>
<
/classes>
<
/test>
<
!-- Test -->
<
/suite>
<
!-- Suite -->
运行xml,结果如下:
this is TestNG test case1, and param1 is:1011111;
param2 is:10
this is TestNG test case2===============================================
Suite
Total tests run: 2, Failures: 0, Skips: 0
===============================================
使用@DataProvider传递参数代码如下:
public class TestCase1 {
@DataProvider(name = "provideNumbers")
public Object[][] provideData() {
return new Object[][] { { 10, 20 }, { 100, 110 }, { 200, 210 } };
}
@Test(dataProvider = "provideNumbers")
public void TestNgLearn1(int param1, int param2) {
System.out.println("this is TestNG test case1, and param1 is:"+param1+";
param2 is:"+param2);
Assert.assertFalse(false);
}
@Test(dependsOnMethods= {"TestNgLearn1"})
public void TestNgLearn2() {
System.out.println("this is TestNG test case2");
}
}
运行此class,结果为:
this is TestNG test case1, and param1 is:10;
param2 is:20
this is TestNG test case1, and param1 is:100;
param2 is:110
this is TestNG test case1, and param1 is:200;
param2 is:210
this is TestNG test case2
PASSED: TestNgLearn1(10, 20)
PASSED: TestNgLearn1(100, 110)
PASSED: TestNgLearn1(200, 210)
PASSED: TestNgLearn2
XML配置文件说明suite标签
- name属性
- verbose属性
- parallel属性
- 此属性是指代运行方式,默认为none,即串行运行方式;并行执行方法包括如下几种,下面做分别说明:
- methods:方法层级,若为此值,则该suite下所有的测试方法都将进行多线程,即测试用例级别的多线程。如果用例之间有依赖,则执行顺序会按照设定的依赖来运行;
< suite name="My suite" parallel="methods" thread-count="5">
- tests:TestNG将在同一线程中运行相同的<
Test>
标签中的所有方法,每个<
test>
标签都将处于一个单独的线程中,这允许您将不是线程安全的所有类分组在同一个<
test>
中,并保证它们都将在同一个线程中运行,同时利用TestNG使用尽可能多的线程运行测试。
< suite name="My suite" parallel="tests" thread-count="5">
- classes:类级别并发,即TestNG会将该suite下每个class都将在单独的线程中运行,同一个class下的所有用例都将在同一个线程中运行;
< suite name="My suite" parallel="classes" thread-count="5">
- instances:实例级别,即TestNG将在同一线程中运行同一实例中的所有方法,两个不同实例上的两个方法将在不同的线程中运行。
< suite name="My suite" parallel="instances" thread-count="5">
- methods:方法层级,若为此值,则该suite下所有的测试方法都将进行多线程,即测试用例级别的多线程。如果用例之间有依赖,则执行顺序会按照设定的依赖来运行;
- thread-count属性
- annotations属性
- time-out属性
- group-by-instances属性
- preserve-order属性
此标签无特别意义,其下可以包括多个标签,如groups、classes等,如下介绍下几种书写方式:
选择一个包中的全部测试脚本(包含子包)
<
test name = "allTestsInAPackage" >
<
packages>
<
package name = "whole.path.to.package.* />
<
/packages>
<
/test>
<
test name = "allTestsInAClass" >
<
classes>
<
class name="whole.path.to.package.className />
<
/classes>
<
/test>
<
test name = "aFewTestsFromAClass" >
<
classes>
<
class name="whole.path.to.package.className >
<
methods>
<
include name = "firstMethod" />
<
include name = "secondMethod" />
<
include name = "thirdMethod" />
<
/methods>
<
/class>
<
/classes>
<
/test>
group标签此标签必然是在< test> 标签下的,用于标识那些组会被用于测试或者被排除在测试之外,其同级必然要包含一个< classes> 标签或者< pakages> 标签,用于指定groups来自于哪些包或者类;
如下即为包含一个group,排除一个group的例子:
<
groups>
<
run>
<
include name = "includedGroupName" />
<
exclude name = "excludedGroupName" />
<
/run>
<
/groups>
高级应用:
<
test name="Regression1">
<
groups>
<
define name="functest">
<
include name="windows"/>
<
include name="linux"/>
<
/define>
<
define name="all">
<
include name="functest"/>
<
include name="checkintest"/>
<
/define>
<
run>
<
include name="all"/>
<
/run>
<
/groups>
<
classes>
<
class name="test.sample.Test1"/>
<
/classes>
<
/test>
其他其他的话就是测试脚本的选择了,有三种方式:
选择一个包
<
packages>
<
package name = "packageName" />
<
/packages>
选择一个类
<
classes>
<
class name = "className" />
<
/classes>
选择一个方法
<
classes>
<
class name = "className" />
<
methods>
<
include name = "methodName" />
<
/methods>
<
/class>
<
/classes>
【Java技术指南「TestNG专题」单元测试框架之TestNG使用教程指南(下)】这里也支持正则表达式,例如:
<
test name="Test1">
<
classes>
<
class name="example1.Test1">
<
methods>
<
include name=".*enabledTestMethod.*"/>
<
exclude name=".*brokenTestMethod.*"/>
<
/methods>
<
/class>
<
/classes>
<
/test>
推荐阅读
- 终极版C语言-尹成-专题视频课程
- 零基础上手HAL库之—环境搭建
- 学历焦虑正在摧毁新一代测试工程师!学历不够如何破局()
- Linux下大容量磁盘分区格式化
- SpringCloud升级之路2020.0.x版-24.测试SPLoadBalancer
- DruidDeterminePartitionsJob源码解析
- 0003 - NameNode工作机制解析
- IDEA的5大调试技巧,你都会吗()
- 史上最简单的 Jmeter 跨线程组取参数值的两种办法 (不写代码)