django插件之django-import-export _Django

得意犹堪夸世俗，诏黄新湿字如鸦。这篇文章主要讲述django插件之django-import-export相关的知识，希望能为你提供帮助。
文档：??https://django-import-export.readthedocs.io/en/latest/getting_started.html#creating-import-export-resource??

顾名思义，这是一个用于处理导入和导出数据的库。django-import-export库支持多种格式，包括xls、csv、json、yaml以及tablib支持的所有其他格式。它还有一个Django管理集成，使用起来非常方便

安装：

pip install django-import-export

配置：

settings.py文件

INSTALLED_APPS = (
...
import_export,
)

# 默认值为False。它确定库是否会在数据导入中使用数据库事务，以确保安全。

IMPORT_EXPORT_USE_TRANSACTIONS = True

Resourcesdjango-import-export库使用Resource的概念，它的类定义非常类似于Django处理模型表单和管理类的方式。
在文档中，作者建议将与资源相关的代码放在admin.py文件。但是，如果实现与Django admin没有关系，我通常更喜欢在app文件夹里创建一个名为resources.py。

model.py

from django.db import models
class Person(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=30)
email = models.EmailField(blank=True)
birth_date = models.DateField()
location = models.CharField(max_length=100, blank=True)

resources.py

from import_export import resources
from .models import Person
class PersonResource(resources.ModelResource):
class Meta:
model = Person

这是最简单的定义。您可以将几个配置传递给元类，如：??fields???, ??exclude??

fields = (appid,) : 指定导出的字段
export_order = (appid,name) : 指定导出的顺序
exclude = (appid,) : 不用导出的内容
import_id_fields = (ID,) :指定ID字段名称

导出数据：

CSV）

from .resources import PersonResource
person_resource = PersonResource()
dataset = person_resource.export()
dataset.csv

id,name,email,birth_date,location
1,John,john@doe.com,2016-08-11,Helsinki
2,Peter,peter@example.com,2016-08-11,Helsinki
3,Maria,maria@gmail.com,2016-08-11,Barcelona
4,Vitor,vitor@freitas.com,2016-08-11,Oulu
5,Erica,erica@gmail.com,2016-08-11,Oulu

JSON）

dataset.json

[
"id": 1, "name": "John", "email": "john@doe.com", "birth_date": "2016-08-11", "location": "Helsinki",
"id": 2, "name": "Peter", "email": "peter@example.com", "birth_date": "2016-08-11", "location": "Helsinki",
"id": 3, "name": "Maria", "email": "maria@gmail.com", "birth_date": "2016-08-11", "location": "Barcelona",
"id": 4, "name": "Vitor", "email": "vitor@freitas.com", "birth_date": "2016-08-11", "location": "Oulu",
"id": 5, "name": "Erica", "email": "erica@gmail.com", "birth_date": "2016-08-11", "location": "Oulu"
]

YAML)

dataset.yaml

- birth_date: 2016-08-11, email: john@doe.com, id: 1, location: Helsinki, name: John
- birth_date: 2016-08-11, email: peter@example.com, id: 2, location: Helsinki, name: Peter
- birth_date: 2016-08-11, email: maria@gmail.com, id: 3, location: Barcelona, name: Maria
- birth_date: 2016-08-11, email: vitor@freitas.com, id: 4, location: Oulu, name: Vitor
- birth_date: 2016-08-11, email: erica@gmail.com, id: 5, location: Oulu, name: Erica

过滤数据：

from .resources import PersonResource
from .models import Person
person_resource = PersonResource()
queryset = Person.objects.filter(location=Helsinki)
dataset = person_resource.export(queryset)
dataset.yaml

- birth_date: 2016-08-11, email: john@doe.com, id: 1, location: Helsinki, name: John
- birth_date: 2016-08-11, email: peter@example.com, id: 2, location: Helsinki, name: Peter

视图示例：

导出CSV）

from django.http import HttpResponse
from .resources import PersonResource
def export(request):
person_resource = PersonResource()
dataset = person_resource.export()
response = HttpResponse(dataset.csv, content_type=text/csv)
response[Content-Disposition] = attachment; filename="persons.csv"
return response

导出Excel：

from django.http import HttpResponse
from .resources import PersonResource
def export(request):
person_resource = PersonResource()
dataset = person_resource.export()
response = HttpResponse(dataset.xls, content_type=application/vnd.ms-excel)
response[Content-Disposition] = attachment; filename="persons.xls"
return response

导入数据：

查看new_persons.csv的数据：

name,email,birth_date,location,id
Jessica,jessica@jones.com,2016-08-11,New York,
Mikko,mikko@suomi.com,2016-08-11,Jyv?skyla,

id必须存在，因为它是主键。但是它会生成，所以我们不需要指定值。

import.html

% extends base.html %
% block content %

% csrf_token %

% endblock %

views.py

from tablib import Dataset
def simple_upload(request):
if request.method == POST:
person_resource = PersonResource()
dataset = Dataset()
new_persons = request.FILES[myfile]
imported_data = https://www.songbingjia.com/android/dataset.load(new_persons.read())
result = person_resource.import_data(dataset, dry_run=True)# Test the data import
if not result.has_errors():
person_resource.import_data(dataset, dry_run=False)# Actually import now
return render(request, core/simple_upload.html)

Django后台管理

在admin.py里使用??ImportExportModelAdmin???，而不是??ModelAdmin??

from import_export.admin import ImportExportModelAdmin
from django.contrib import admin
from .models import Person
@admin.register(Person)
class PersonAdmin(ImportExportModelAdmin):
pass

【django插件之django-import-export】