一文详解Spring事务注解的解析,这下你总懂了吧()

登山则情满于山,观海则意溢于海。这篇文章主要讲述一文详解Spring事务注解的解析,这下你总懂了吧?相关的知识,希望能为你提供帮助。
前言事务我们都知道是什么,而Spring事务就是在数据库之上利用AOP提供声明式事务和编程式事务帮助我们简化开发,解耦业务逻辑和系统逻辑。但是Spring事务原理是怎样?事务在方法间是如何传播的?为什么有时候事务会失效?接下来几篇文章将重点分析Spring事务源码,让我们彻底搞懂Spring事务的原理。
XML标签的解析

< tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"/>

配置过事务的应该都不陌生,上面这个配置就是Spring开启事务注解(@Transactional)支持的配置,而看过我之前文章的应该知道,这个带前缀的标签叫自定义标签,我在之前的文章也分析过自定义标签的解析过程,所以这里我直接找到对应的handler:
public class TxNamespaceHandler extends NamespaceHandlerSupport static final String TRANSACTION_MANAGER_ATTRIBUTE = "transaction-manager"; static final String DEFAULT_TRANSACTION_MANAGER_BEAN_NAME = "transactionManager"; static String getTransactionManagerName(Element element) return (element.hasAttribute(TRANSACTION_MANAGER_ATTRIBUTE) ? element.getAttribute(TRANSACTION_MANAGER_ATTRIBUTE) : DEFAULT_TRANSACTION_MANAGER_BEAN_NAME); @Override public void init() registerBeanDefinitionParser("advice", new TxAdviceBeanDefinitionParser()); registerBeanDefinitionParser("annotation-driven", new AnnotationDrivenBeanDefinitionParser()); registerBeanDefinitionParser("jta-transaction-manager", new JtaTransactionManagerBeanDefinitionParser());

可以看到对应的注解解析器就是AnnotationDrivenBeanDefinitionParser类,在该类中一定会有一个parse方法:
public BeanDefinition parse(Element element, ParserContext parserContext) registerTransactionalEventListenerFactory(parserContext); String mode = element.getAttribute("mode"); if ("aspectj".equals(mode)) // mode="aspectj" registerTransactionAspect(element, parserContext); if (ClassUtils.isPresent("javax.transaction.Transactional", getClass().getClassLoader())) registerJtaTransactionAspect(element, parserContext); else // mode="proxy" AopAutoProxyConfigurer.configureAutoProxyCreator(element, parserContext); return null;

首先拿到mode属性的值判断是使用AspectJ生成代理还是JDK生成代理,这里我们主要看proxy模式,进入configureAutoProxyCreator方法:
public static void configureAutoProxyCreator(Element element, ParserContext parserContext) // 注册AOP的入口类 AopNamespaceUtils.registerAutoProxyCreatorIfNecessary(parserContext, element); String txAdvisorBeanName = TransactionManagementConfigUtils.TRANSACTION_ADVISOR_BEAN_NAME; if (!parserContext.getRegistry().containsBeanDefinition(txAdvisorBeanName)) Object eleSource = parserContext.extractSource(element); // Create the TransactionAttributeSource definition. // @Transactional注解的属性封装 RootBeanDefinition sourceDef = new RootBeanDefinition( "org.springframework.transaction.annotation.AnnotationTransactionAttributeSource"); sourceDef.setSource(eleSource); sourceDef.setRole(BeanDefinition.ROLE_INFRASTRUCTURE); String sourceName = parserContext.getReaderContext().registerWithGeneratedName(sourceDef); // Create the TransactionInterceptor definition. // AOP执行链 RootBeanDefinition interceptorDef = new RootBeanDefinition(TransactionInterceptor.class); interceptorDef.setSource(eleSource); interceptorDef.setRole(BeanDefinition.ROLE_INFRASTRUCTURE); // 拿到transaction-manager属性的值 registerTransactionManager(element, interceptorDef); interceptorDef.getPropertyValues().add("transactionAttributeSource", new RuntimeBeanReference(sourceName)); String interceptorName = parserContext.getReaderContext().registerWithGeneratedName(interceptorDef); // Create the TransactionAttributeSourceAdvisor definition. RootBeanDefinition advisorDef = new RootBeanDefinition(BeanFactoryTransactionAttributeSourceAdvisor.class); advisorDef.setSource(eleSource); advisorDef.setRole(BeanDefinition.ROLE_INFRASTRUCTURE); advisorDef.getPropertyValues().add("transactionAttributeSource", new RuntimeBeanReference(sourceName)); advisorDef.getPropertyValues().add("adviceBeanName", interceptorName); if (element.hasAttribute("order")) advisorDef.getPropertyValues().add("order", element.getAttribute("order")); parserContext.getRegistry().registerBeanDefinition(txAdvisorBeanName, advisorDef); CompositeComponentDefinition compositeDef = new CompositeComponentDefinition(element.getTagName(), eleSource); compositeDef.addNestedComponent(new BeanComponentDefinition(sourceDef, sourceName)); compositeDef.addNestedComponent(new BeanComponentDefinition(interceptorDef, interceptorName)); compositeDef.addNestedComponent(new BeanComponentDefinition(advisorDef, txAdvisorBeanName)); parserContext.registerComponent(compositeDef);

这里的流程比较长,但逻辑很简单。首先来看注册事务AOP入口类是哪个:
public static void registerAutoProxyCreatorIfNecessary( ParserContext parserContext, Element sourceElement) // 将优先级更高的AOP入口类放入到IOC容器中 BeanDefinition beanDefinition = AopConfigUtils.registerAutoProxyCreatorIfNecessary( parserContext.getRegistry(), parserContext.extractSource(sourceElement)); // 设置代理生成的方式以及是否缓存代理类到当前线程 useClassProxyingIfNecessary(parserContext.getRegistry(), sourceElement); registerComponentIfNecessary(beanDefinition, parserContext);

主要看registerAutoProxyCreatorIfNecessary方法:
public static BeanDefinition registerAutoProxyCreatorIfNecessary( BeanDefinitionRegistry registry, @Nullable Object source) return registerOrEscalateApcAsRequired(InfrastructureAdvisorAutoProxyCreator.class, registry, source); private static BeanDefinition registerOrEscalateApcAsRequired( Class< ?> cls, BeanDefinitionRegistry registry, @Nullable Object source) Assert.notNull(registry, "BeanDefinitionRegistry must not be null"); // 判断传进来的类和ICO中当前存在的类哪个优先级更高,将更高的放入IOC中 if (registry.containsBeanDefinition(AUTO_PROXY_CREATOR_BEAN_NAME)) BeanDefinition apcDefinition = registry.getBeanDefinition(AUTO_PROXY_CREATOR_BEAN_NAME); if (!cls.getName().equals(apcDefinition.getBeanClassName())) int currentPriority = findPriorityForClass(apcDefinition.getBeanClassName()); int requiredPriority = findPriorityForClass(cls); if (currentPriority < requiredPriority) apcDefinition.setBeanClassName(cls.getName()); return null; //把AOP入口类封装成beanDefinition对象,要实例化 RootBeanDefinition beanDefinition = new RootBeanDefinition(cls); beanDefinition.setSource(source); beanDefinition.getPropertyValues().add("order", Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE); beanDefinition.setRole(BeanDefinition.ROLE_INFRASTRUCTURE); //注解aop入口类的beanName名称 AopConfigUtils.AUTO_PROXY_CREATOR_BEAN_NAME registry.registerBeanDefinition(AUTO_PROXY_CREATOR_BEAN_NAME, beanDefinition); return beanDefinition;

首先判断容器中是否已经存在AOP入口类,如果不存在则直接创建InfrastructureAdvisorAutoProxyCreator的BeanDefinition对象注册到容器中,这个类也是AOP入口类AbstractAutoProxyCreator的子类,再来看看其继承关系:
一文详解Spring事务注解的解析,这下你总懂了吧()

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你会不会疑惑,这么多子类,到底会使用哪一个呢?回到刚刚的代码中,可以看到如果已经存在一个入口类了,就会通过findPriorityForClass获取两个类的优先级,最终就会使用优先级更大的那个,那么它们的优先级顺序是怎样的呢?
private static final List< Class< ?> > APC_PRIORITY_LIST = new ArrayList< > (3); static // Set up the escalation list... APC_PRIORITY_LIST.add(InfrastructureAdvisorAutoProxyCreator.class); APC_PRIORITY_LIST.add(AspectJAwareAdvisorAutoProxyCreator.class); APC_PRIORITY_LIST.add(AnnotationAwareAspectJAutoProxyCreator.class); private static int findPriorityForClass(@Nullable String className) // 索引即是优先级,越大优先级越高,IOC中只会存在一个事务AOP入口类 for (int i = 0; i < APC_PRIORITY_LIST.size(); i++) Class< ?> clazz = APC_PRIORITY_LIST.get(i); if (clazz.getName().equals(className)) return i; throw new IllegalArgumentException( "Class name [" + className + "] is not a known auto-proxy creator class");

可以看到,InfrastructureAdvisorAutoProxyCreator是优先级最低的,基本上不会起作用;AspectJAwareAdvisorAutoProxyCreator是当我们配置了< aop:config> 标签时会注册,也就是xml配置的AOP的入口类;而AnnotationAwareAspectJAutoProxyCreator是当我们配置了< aop:aspectj-autoproxy> 或使用@EnableAspectJAutoProxy注解时注册,因此大部分情况下都是使用的AnnotationAwareAspectJAutoProxyCreator。
注册完AOP的入口类后,回到configureAutoProxyCreator方法:
RootBeanDefinition sourceDef = new RootBeanDefinition( "org.springframework.transaction.annotation.AnnotationTransactionAttributeSource"); sourceDef.setSource(eleSource); sourceDef.setRole(BeanDefinition.ROLE_INFRASTRUCTURE); String sourceName =parserContext.getReaderContext().registerWithGeneratedName(sourceDef);

AnnotationTransactionAttributeSource类的作用就是封装事务注解@Transactional的属性,这里需要记住其继承体系以及熟悉该类和其父类的属性和方法,对后面分析事物切面执行原理有帮助:
一文详解Spring事务注解的解析,这下你总懂了吧()

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紧接着就是创建了TransactionInterceptor对象,专门的事务拦截器,并且该类是MethodInterceptor的子类,看到这个应该不陌生了,我们知道AOP调用链在执行过程中主要就是调用该类的invoke的方法,因此它是事务切面执行的入口。既然有了Interceptor,那么必不可少的还应该有Advisor,而Advisor又是由Advice和Poincut组成的,这样才能构成一个完整的切面,所以该方法后面就是创建这两个对象。以上就是xml配置AOP注解支持的原理,很简单,下面再来看看零配置又是如何实现的。
AOP零配置原理使用过SpringBoot的都知道,如果需要开启事务注解的支持,只需要一个注解就能搞定:@EnableTransactionManagement,不用再配置xml文件,这个又是怎么做到的呢?不多说,我们直接来看其源码:
@Import(TransactionManagementConfigurationSelector.class) public @interface EnableTransactionManagement boolean proxyTargetClass() default false; AdviceMode mode() default AdviceMode.PROXY; int order() default Ordered.LOWEST_PRECEDENCE;

在该注解下使用@Import导入了一个类TransactionManagementConfigurationSelector,首先该注解的作用就是导入一个类的实例到IOC容器中,你可能会说不是在类上加@Component注解就行了么,但是有些类它并不在你扫描的路径下,而该注解依然可以将其导入进来,所以我么主要看TransactionManagementConfigurationSelector类中做了些啥:
public class TransactionManagementConfigurationSelector extends AdviceModeImportSelector< EnableTransactionManagement> @Override protected String[] selectImports(AdviceMode adviceMode) switch (adviceMode) case PROXY: return new String[] AutoProxyRegistrar.class.getName(), ProxyTransactionManagementConfiguration.class.getName(); case ASPECTJ: return new String[] determineTransactionAspectClass(); default: return null; private String determineTransactionAspectClass() return (ClassUtils.isPresent("javax.transaction.Transactional", getClass().getClassLoader()) ? TransactionManagementConfigUtils.JTA_TRANSACTION_ASPECT_CONFIGURATION_CLASS_NAME : TransactionManagementConfigUtils.TRANSACTION_ASPECT_CONFIGURATION_CLASS_NAME);

可以看到在selectImports方法中返回了AutoProxyRegistrar和ProxyTransactionManagementConfiguration类,返回后会被封装为BeanDefinition对象,那这个方法是在哪里调用的呢?这个在之前的文章中也分析过,ConfigurationClassPostProcessor类中会调用ConfigurationClassParser类的parse方法解析@Configuration、@Import、@ImportSource等注解,具体过程这里就不再赘述了。我们继续来分别看看AutoProxyRegistrar和ProxyTransactionManagementConfiguration类:
public class AutoProxyRegistrar implements ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar private final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(getClass()); @Override public void registerBeanDefinitions(AnnotationMetadata importingClassMetadata, BeanDefinitionRegistry registry) boolean candidateFound = false; Set< String> annoTypes = importingClassMetadata.getAnnotationTypes(); for (String annoType : annoTypes) AnnotationAttributes candidate = AnnotationConfigUtils.attributesFor(importingClassMetadata, annoType); if (candidate == null) continue; Object mode = candidate.get("mode"); Object proxyTargetClass = candidate.get("proxyTargetClass"); if (mode != null & & proxyTargetClass != null & & AdviceMode.class == mode.getClass() & & Boolean.class == proxyTargetClass.getClass()) candidateFound = true; if (mode == AdviceMode.PROXY) //注册事务AOP的入口类InfrastructureAdvisorAutoProxyCreator,实际上这个AOP入口类起不了作用 AopConfigUtils.registerAutoProxyCreatorIfNecessary(registry); if ((Boolean) proxyTargetClass) AopConfigUtils.forceAutoProxyCreatorToUseClassProxying(registry); return; public class ProxyTransactionManagementConfiguration extends AbstractTransactionManagementConfiguration /* * 明显是创建事务切面实例 * BeanFactoryTransactionAttributeSourceAdvisor * * */ @Bean(name = TransactionManagementConfigUtils.TRANSACTION_ADVISOR_BEAN_NAME) @Role(BeanDefinition.ROLE_INFRASTRUCTURE) public BeanFactoryTransactionAttributeSourceAdvisor transactionAdvisor() BeanFactoryTransactionAttributeSourceAdvisor advisor = new BeanFactoryTransactionAttributeSourceAdvisor(); advisor.setTransactionAttributeSource(transactionAttributeSource()); //设置通知类 advisor.setAdvice(transactionInterceptor()); if (this.enableTx != null) advisor.setOrder(this.enableTx.< Integer> getNumber("order")); return advisor; @Bean @Role(BeanDefinition.ROLE_INFRASTRUCTURE) public TransactionAttributeSource transactionAttributeSource() return new AnnotationTransactionAttributeSource(); /* * 创建事务advice * TransactionInterceptor * */ @Bean @Role(BeanDefinition.ROLE_INFRASTRUCTURE) public TransactionInterceptor transactionInterceptor() TransactionInterceptor interceptor = new TransactionInterceptor(); interceptor.setTransactionAttributeSource(transactionAttributeSource()); //事务管理器要跟数据源挂钩,所以需要自己定义 if (this.txManager != null) interceptor.setTransactionManager(this.txManager); return interceptor;

【一文详解Spring事务注解的解析,这下你总懂了吧()】看到这就很清楚了,前者是注册AOP的入口类(这里注册的入口类依然是InfrastructureAdvisorAutoProxyCreator),后者则是创建事务AOP的组件的实例到IOC中,到这里相信不仅仅是对于事务的零配置,而是整个SpringBoot的零配置实现原理都心中有数了。

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