目录

• 基于TCP/IP协议的通信
• 基于UDP协议的通信
• InetAddress
• 案例演示 （简易聊天室）
• UDP 演示
• 总结

基于TCP/IP协议的通信

• TCP/IP协议
  • TCP/IP协议.会在通信两端建立连接（虚拟连接），用于发送和接收数据
  • TCP/IP协议是一种可靠的网络协议，它通过重发机制来保证这种可靠性

通信的实现
ServerSocket用来监听来自客户端的连接，当没有连接时，它处于阻塞状态
客户端使用Socket连接到指定的服务器

基于UDP协议的通信

• UDP协议
  • UDP协议不会在通信两端建立连接（虚拟链路），而是直接发送连接
  • UDP协议是一种不可靠的网络协议，但是这种协议的通信效率非常高
• 通信的实现
  • DatagramSocket用于两端的通信，它不负责 维护状态，不产生io流，仅仅是发送或接受数据包
  • DatagramPacket代表数据包

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InetAddress

/** * * InetAddressDemo * * */public class InetAddressDemo {public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {InetAddress baidu = InetAddress.getByName("www.baidu.com"); System.out.println(baidu); System.out.println(baidu.getHostAddress()); //获取主机地址System.out.println(baidu.isReachable(1000)); //是否可达System.out.println("===================================================================================="); InetAddress local = InetAddress.getByAddress(new byte[]{127, 0, 0, 1}); System.out.println(local.getHostName()); //获取主机名System.out.println(local.isReachable(1000)); //是否可达}}

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案例演示 （简易聊天室）

package javaserver.TcpServer; import JAVAClient.TcpClient; import java.io.BufferedReader; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStreamReader; import java.io.PrintStream; import java.net.ServerSocket; import java.net.Socket; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.Collections; import java.util.List; import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService; import java.util.concurrent.Executors; public class tcpServer {public static ExecutorService threadPool= Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10); public static List socketList= Collections.synchronizedList(new ArrayList<>()); public static void main(String[] args) {////try {//////接受客户端的请求//ServerSocket serverSocket=new ServerSocket(9000); //while (true){//Socket socket = serverSocket.accept(); //封装了一些客户端的信息//System.out.println("请求; " + socket.toString()); ////PrintStream ps=new PrintStream(socket.getOutputStream()); //ps.println("welcome "+ socket.getInetAddress().getHostAddress()); //socket.close(); //}////} catch (Exception e) {//e.printStackTrace(); //}//}try {ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9000); while (true){Socket socket = serverSocket.accept(); socketList.add(socket); threadPool.submit(new ThreadTask(socket)); }} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace(); }}}classThreadTask implementsRunnable{private Socketsocket; private BufferedReader reader; public ThreadTask(Socket socket) {this.socket = socket; try {this.reader=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream())); } catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace(); }}@Overridepublic void run() {try {String line; while ((line=reader.readLine())!=null){for (Socket client: tcpServer.socketList){String from=socket.getInetAddress().getHostAddress()+":::"+socket.getPort(); String content= from+"说"+line; new PrintStream(client.getOutputStream()).println(content); }}} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace(); }}}

package JAVAClient; import java.io.*; import java.net.Socket; import java.util.Scanner; import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService; import java.util.concurrent.Executors; public class TcpClient {public static ExecutorService threadPool= Executors.newFixedThreadPool(3); public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {//Socket socket=new Socket("127.0.0.1",9000); //BufferedReader br=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream())); //String s = br.readLine(); //System.out.println(s); Socket socket=new Socket("127.0.0.1",9000); threadPool.submit(new ReadTask(socket)); threadPool.submit(new WriteTask(socket)); }}class ReadTask implements Runnable{private Socket socket; private BufferedReader reader; public ReadTask(Socket socket) {this.socket = socket; try {this.reader=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream())); } catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace(); }}@Overridepublic void run() {try {String line; while ((line=reader.readLine())!=null){System.out.println(line); }} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace(); }}}class WriteTask implements Runnable{private Socket socket; private PrintStream writer; public WriteTask(Socket socket) {this.socket = socket; try {writer=new PrintStream(socket.getOutputStream()); } catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace(); }}@Overridepublic void run() {Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in); String line; while ((line=scanner.nextLine())!=null){writer.println(line); }}}

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UDP 演示 服务端

package javaserver.TcpServer; import java.net.*; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; import java.util.Scanner; import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService; import java.util.concurrent.Executors; public class UdpServer {public static ExecutorService threadPool= Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10); public static List addressesList=new ArrayList<>(); public static void main(String[] args) {try {DatagramSocket socket=new DatagramSocket(9001); // 随时通知threadPool.submit(new SendTask(socket)); //接受访问 并且记录byte[] buffer=new byte[1024]; DatagramPacket packet=new DatagramPacket(buffer,buffer.length); while (true){socket.receive(packet); addressesList.add((InetSocketAddress) packet.getSocketAddress()); }} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace(); }}}class SendTask implements Runnable{private DatagramSocket socket; public SendTask(DatagramSocket socket) {this.socket = socket; }@Overridepublic void run() {try {Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in); String line; while ((line= scanner.nextLine())!=null){for (InetSocketAddress isa:UdpServer.addressesList){byte[] buffer=line.getBytes(); DatagramPacket packet=new DatagramPacket(buffer,buffer.length,isa.getAddress(),isa.getPort()); socket.send(packet); }}} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace(); }}}

客户端

package JAVAClient; import java.net.DatagramPacket; import java.net.DatagramSocket; import java.net.InetAddress; import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService; import java.util.concurrent.Executors; public class UdpClient {public static ExecutorService threadPool= Executors.newFixedThreadPool(3); public static void main(String[] args) {try {DatagramSocket socket=new DatagramSocket(); //注册DatagramPacket packet=new DatagramPacket(new byte[]{1},1, InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"),9001); socket.send(packet); //接收threadPool.submit(new ReceiveTask(socket)); } catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace(); }}}class ReceiveTask implements Runnable{private DatagramSocket socket; public ReceiveTask(DatagramSocket socket) {this.socket = socket; }@Overridepublic void run() {try {byte[] buffer=newbyte[1024]; DatagramPacket packet=new DatagramPacket(buffer,buffer.length); while (true){socket.receive(packet); String line =new String(packet.getData(),0, packet.getLength()); System.out.println(line); }} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace(); }}}

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