原型模式简介
- 模式属于创建型模式，它提供了一种创建对象的最佳方式。
- 用于创建重复的对象，同时又能保证性能。
- 这种模式是实现了一个原型接口，该接口用于创建当前对象的克隆。当直接创建对象的代价比较大时，则采用这种模式。
- 例如，一个对象需要在一个高代价的数据库操作之后被创建。我们可以缓存该对象，在下一个请求时返回它的克隆，在需要的时候更新数据库，以此来减少数据库调用。
浅克隆类Book实现Cloneable接口并重写clone方法
public class Book implements Cloneable {
private String name;
//书名
private Date publishDate;
//发布日期public Book() {
}public Book(String name, Date publishDate) {
this.name = name;
this.publishDate = publishDate;
}public String getName() {
return name;
}public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}public Date getPublishDate() {
return publishDate;
}public void setPublishDate(Date publishDate) {
this.publishDate = publishDate;
}@Override
protected Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
return super.clone();
}@Override
public String toString() {
return "Book{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
", publishDate=" + publishDate +
'}';
}
}测试类
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) throws CloneNotSupportedException {
String name = "Java 设计模式";
Date publishDate = new Date();
Book book = new Book(name, publishDate);
//克隆出对象
Book clone = (Book) book.clone();
System.out.println(book);
System.out.println(book.hashCode());
System.out.println(clone);
System.out.println(clone.hashCode());
System.out.println("==================");
publishDate.setTime(publishDate.getTime() + 2000);
//修改时间
System.out.println(book);
System.out.println(book.hashCode());
System.out.println(clone);
System.out.println(clone.hashCode());
/**
* 测试结果：修改了时间，源对象和克隆的对象的时间，都发生了改变
* Book{name='Java 设计模式', publishDate=Wed Dec 29 12:17:33 CST 2021}
* 2093631819
* Book{name='Java 设计模式', publishDate=Wed Dec 29 12:17:33 CST 2021}
* 2074407503
* ==================
* Book{name='Java 设计模式', publishDate=Wed Dec 29 12:17:35 CST 2021}
* 2093631819
* Book{name='Java 设计模式', publishDate=Wed Dec 29 12:17:35 CST 2021}
* 2074407503
*/
}
}测试结果
Book{name='Java 设计模式', publishDate=Wed Dec 29 12:17:33 CST 2021}
2093631819
Book{name='Java 设计模式', publishDate=Wed Dec 29 12:17:33 CST 2021}
2074407503
==================
Book{name='Java 设计模式', publishDate=Wed Dec 29 12:17:35 CST 2021}
2093631819
Book{name='Java 设计模式', publishDate=Wed Dec 29 12:17:35 CST 2021}
2074407503深克隆类Book实现Cloneable接口并重写clone方法
public class Book implements Cloneable {
private String name;
//书名
private Date publishDate;
//发布日期public Book() {
}public Book(String name, Date publishDate) {
this.name = name;
this.publishDate = publishDate;
}public String getName() {
return name;
}public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}public Date getPublishDate() {
return publishDate;
}public void setPublishDate(Date publishDate) {
this.publishDate = publishDate;
}@Override
protected Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
Object obj = super.clone();
Book book = (Book) obj;
//将源对象的属性也进行克隆，即深克隆
book.publishDate = (Date) book.publishDate.clone();
return obj;
}@Override
public String toString() {
return "Book{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
", publishDate=" + publishDate +
'}';
}
}测试类
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) throws CloneNotSupportedException {
String name = "Java 设计模式";
Date publishDate = new Date();
Book book = new Book(name, publishDate);
//克隆出对象
Book clone = (Book) book.clone();
System.out.println(book);
System.out.println(book.hashCode());
System.out.println(clone);
System.out.println(clone.hashCode());
System.out.println("==================");
publishDate.setTime(publishDate.getTime() + 2000);
System.out.println(book);
System.out.println(book.hashCode());
System.out.println(clone);
System.out.println(clone.hashCode());
/**
* 测试结果：修改了时间，源对象的时间，发生了改变，但克隆的对象的时间没有改变
* Book{name='Java 设计模式', publishDate=Wed Dec 29 12:41:47 CST 2021}
* 2093631819
* Book{name='Java 设计模式', publishDate=Wed Dec 29 12:41:47 CST 2021}
* 2074407503
* ==================
* Book{name='Java 设计模式', publishDate=Wed Dec 29 12:41:49 CST 2021}
* 2093631819
* Book{name='Java 设计模式', publishDate=Wed Dec 29 12:41:47 CST 2021}
* 2074407503
*/
}
}测试结果
Book{name='Java 设计模式', publishDate=Wed Dec 29 12:41:47 CST 2021}
2093631819
Book{name='Java 设计模式', publishDate=Wed Dec 29 12:41:47 CST 2021}
2074407503
==================
Book{name='Java 设计模式', publishDate=Wed Dec 29 12:41:49 CST 2021}
2093631819
Book{name='Java 设计模式', publishDate=Wed Dec 29 12:41:47 CST 2021}
2074407503推荐阅读
- 设计模式【15】--从审批流中学习责任链模式
- 设计模式【14】-- 从智能音箱中学习命令模式
- 设计模式——工厂方法模式(创建型模式)
- Java中的桥接模式
- Java中的适配器模式
- Java中的工厂模式
- Java中的抽象工厂模式
- Java中的单例模式
- Java设计模式|Java设计模式-单例模式