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整合OSS对象存储
一、缘起
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每个 OSS 的用户都会用到上传服务。Web 端常见的上传方法是用户在浏览器或 APP 端上传文件到应用服务器,应用服务器再把文件上传到 OSS。具体流程如下图所示。
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和数据直传到 OSS 相比,以上方法有三个缺点:
- 上传慢:用户数据需先上传到应用服务器,之后再上传到OSS。网络传输时间比直传到OSS多一倍。如果用户数据不通过应用服务器中转,而是直传到OSS,速度将大大提升。而且OSS采用BGP带宽,能保证各地各运营商之间的传输速度。
- 扩展性差:如果后续用户多了,应用服务器会成为瓶颈。
- 费用高:需要准备多台应用服务器。由于OSS上传流量是免费的,如果数据直传到OSS,不通过应用服务器,那么将能省下几台应用服务器。
采用javascript客户端直接签名(参见JavaScript客户端签名直传)时,AccessKeyID和AcessKeySecret会暴露在前端页面,因此存在严重的安全隐患。因此,OSS提供了服务端签名后直传的方案。
原理介绍
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服务端签名后直传的原理如下:
- 用户发送上传Policy请求到应用服务器。
- 应用服务器返回上传Policy和签名给用户。
- 用户直接上传数据到OSS。
- 登录阿里云官网
https://www.aliyun.com/sale-season/2020/procurement-new-members?userCode=thp9caen
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- 创建Bucket 存储桶
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- 获取accesskey id和secret
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- 分配权限
分配 管理对象存储服务(OSS)权限
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在Maven项目中加入依赖项
https://help.aliyun.com/document_detail/32009.html?spm=a2c4g.11186623.6.769.2c5145dc4TUgTa
<
dependency>
<
groupId>
com.aliyun.oss<
/groupId>
<
artifactId>
aliyun-sdk-oss<
/artifactId>
<
version>
3.8.0<
/version>
<
/dependency>
2) 上传文件到OSS
@Test
void testUploadByOss() throws FileNotFoundException
// Endpoint以杭州为例,其它Region请按实际情况填写。
String endpoint = "http://oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com";
// 阿里云主账号AccessKey拥有所有API的访问权限,风险很高。强烈建议您创建并使用RAM账号进行API访问或日常运维,请登录 https://ram.console.aliyun.com 创建RAM账号。
String accessKeyId = "xxxx";
String accessKeySecret = "xxxx";
String bucketName = "passjava";
// <
yourObjectName>
上传文件到OSS时需要指定包含文件后缀在内的完整路径,例如abc/efg/123.jpg。
String localFile = "C:\\\\Users\\\\Administrator\\\\Pictures\\\\coding_java.png";
String fileKeyName = "coding_java.png";
// 创建OSSClient实例。
OSS ossClient = new OSSClientBuilder().build(endpoint, accessKeyId, accessKeySecret);
InputStream inputStream = new FileInputStream(localFile);
ossClient.putObject(bucketName, fileKeyName, inputStream);
// 关闭OSSClient。
ossClient.shutdown();
3.整合Spring Cloud Alicloud OSS 1) passjava-common项目引入spring-cloud-starter-alicloud-oss依赖
<
dependency>
<
groupId>
com.alibaba.cloud<
/groupId>
<
artifactId>
spring-cloud-starter-alicloud-oss<
/artifactId>
<
/dependency>
2) 配置alicloud oss
spring:
cloud:
alicloud:
access-key: xxxx
secret-key: xxxx
oss:
endpoint: oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com
3)测试上传
@Autowired
OSSClient ossClient;
@Test
void testUploadByAlicloudOss() throws FileNotFoundException
String bucketName = "passjava";
String localFile = "C:\\\\Users\\\\Administrator\\\\Pictures\\\\coding_java.png";
String fileKeyName = "coding_java.png";
InputStream inputStream = new FileInputStream(localFile);
ossClient.putObject(bucketName, fileKeyName, inputStream);
ossClient.shutdown();
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4.获取服务端签名 4.1 准备工作:
- 创建一个第三方服务passjava-thirdparty
- 引入passjava-common模块,并且排除mybatis-plus依赖
<
dependency>
<
groupId>
com.jackson0714.passjava<
/groupId>
<
artifactId>
passjava-common<
/artifactId>
<
version>
0.0.1-SNAPSHOT<
/version>
<
exclusions>
<
exclusion>
<
groupId>
com.baomidou<
/groupId>
<
artifactId>
mybatis-plus-boot-starter<
/artifactId>
<
/exclusion>
<
/exclusions>
<
/dependency>
- 配置服务发现和端口
spring:
cloud:
nacos:
discovery:
server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848
application:
name: passjava-thirdparty
server:
port: 14000
- 配置配置中心
spring.application.name=passjava-thirdparty
spring.cloud.nacos.config.server-addr=127.0.0.1:8848
spring.cloud.nacos.config.namespace=passjava-thirdpartyspring.cloud.nacos.config.extension-configs[0].data-id=oss.yml
spring.cloud.nacos.config.extension-configs[0].group=DEFAULT_GROUP
spring.cloud.nacos.config.extension-configs[0].refresh=true
- 配置Nacos命名空间和oss.yml
spring:
cloud:
alicloud:
access-key: LTAI4G3KxBJ26EUbWsenmqhP
secret-key: RHtADVlvlKJvVBQnFNNvnne9p4NwnA
oss:
endpoint: oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com
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- 开启服务发现
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class PassjavaThirdpartyApplication
public static void main(String[] args)
SpringApplication.run(PassjavaThirdpartyApplication.class, args);
4.2 获取签名类
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/thirdparty/v1/admin/oss")
public class OssController @Autowired
OSS ossClient;
@Value("$spring.cloud.alicloud.access-key")
private String accessId;
@Value("$spring.cloud.alicloud.secret-key")
private String accessKey;
@Value("$spring.cloud.alicloud.oss.endpoint")
private String endpoint;
@Value("$spring.cloud.alicloud.oss.bucket")
private String bucket;
@RequestMapping("/getPolicy")
public Map<
String, String>
getPolicy()
String host = "https://" + bucket + "." + endpoint;
// host的格式为 bucketname.endpoint
// callbackUrl为 上传回调服务器的URL,请将下面的IP和Port配置为您自己的真实信息。
// String callbackUrl = "http://88.88.88.88:8888";
String formatDate = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd").format(new Date());
String dir = formatDate + "/";
// 用户上传文件时指定的前缀。Map<
String, String>
respMap = new LinkedHashMap<
String, String>
();
try
long expireTime = 30;
long expireEndTime = System.currentTimeMillis() + expireTime * 1000;
Date expiration = new Date(expireEndTime);
PolicyConditions policyConds = new PolicyConditions();
policyConds.addConditionItem(PolicyConditions.COND_CONTENT_LENGTH_RANGE, 0, 1048576000);
policyConds.addConditionItem(MatchMode.StartWith, PolicyConditions.COND_KEY, dir);
String postPolicy = ossClient.generatePostPolicy(expiration, policyConds);
byte[] binaryData = https://www.songbingjia.com/android/postPolicy.getBytes("utf-8");
String encodedPolicy = BinaryUtil.toBase64String(binaryData);
String postSignature = ossClient.calculatePostSignature(postPolicy);
respMap.put("accessid", accessId);
respMap.put("policy", encodedPolicy);
respMap.put("signature", postSignature);
respMap.put("dir", dir);
respMap.put("host", host);
respMap.put("expire", String.valueOf(expireEndTime / 1000));
catch (Exception e)
// Assert.fail(e.getMessage());
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
finally
ossClient.shutdown();
return respMap;
测试接口
http://localhost:14000/api/thirdparty/v1/admin/oss/getPolicy "accessid": "LTAI4G3KxBJ26EUbWsenmqhP",
"policy": "eyJleHBpcmF0aW9uIjoiMjAyMC0wNC0yOFQwMjozMzowNy42NzNaIiwiY29uZGl0aW9ucyI6W1siY29udGVudC1sZW5ndGgtcmFuZ2UiLDAsMTA0ODU3NjAwMF0sWyJzdGFydHMtd2l0aCIsIiRrZXkiLCIyMDIwLTA0LTI4LyJdXX0=",
"signature": "pfn4cggFTMMNqTs+qUnDN5c+k5M=",
"dir": "2020-04-28/",
"host": "https://passjava.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com",
"expire": "1588041187"
4.3 配置网关路由因为前端页面配置的统一访问路径是http://localhost:8060/api/,所以需要将访问thirdparty的服务通过网关路由到thirdparty服务
将请求
http://localhost:8060/api/thirdparty/v1/admin/oss/getPolicy
转发到
http://localhost:14000/api/thirdparty/v1/admin/oss/getPolicy
配置网关:
spring:
cloud:
gateway:
routes:
- id: route_thirdparty # 题目微服务路由规则
uri: lb://passjava-thirdparty # 负载均衡,将请求转发到注册中心注册的assjava-thirdparty服务
predicates: # 断言
- Path=/api/thirdparty/** # 如果前端请求路径包含 api/thirdparty,则应用这条路由规则
filters: #过滤器
- RewritePath=/api/(?<
segment>
.*),/$\\segment # 将跳转路径中包含的api替换成空
测试可以上传成功
4.4 配置跨域访问配置跨域访问,所有post请求都可以跨域访问
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4.5 Web端上传组件
- 单文件上传组件
singleUpload.vue
<
template>
<
div>
<
el-upload
action="http://passjava.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com"
:data="https://www.songbingjia.com/android/dataObj"
list-type="picture"
:multiple="false" :show-file-list="showFileList"
:file-list="fileList"
:before-upload="beforeUpload"
:on-remove="handleRemove"
:on-success="handleUploadSuccess"
:on-preview="handlePreview">
<
el-button size="small" type="primary">
点击上传<
/el-button>
<
div slot="tip" class="el-upload__tip">
只能上传jpg/png文件,且不超过10MB<
/div>
<
/el-upload>
<
el-dialog :visible.sync="dialogVisible">
<
img:src="https://www.songbingjia.com/android/fileList[0].url" >
<
/el-dialog>
<
/div>
<
/template>
<
script>
import policy from ./policy
importgetUUIDfrom @/utilsexport default
name: singleUpload,
props:
value: String
,
computed:
imageUrl()
return this.value;
,
imageName()
if (this.value != null &
&
this.value !== )
return this.value.substr(this.value.lastIndexOf("/") + 1);
else
return null;
,
fileList()
return [
name: this.imageName,
url: this.imageUrl
]
,
showFileList:
get: function ()
return this.value !== null &
&
this.value !== &
&
this.value!==undefined;
,
set: function (newValue) ,
data()
return
dataObj:
policy: ,
signature: ,
key: ,
ossaccessKeyId: ,
dir: ,
host: ,
// callback:,
,
dialogVisible: false
;
,
methods:
emitInput(val)
this.$emit(input, val)
,
handleRemove(file, fileList)
this.emitInput();
,
handlePreview(file)
this.dialogVisible = true;
,
beforeUpload(file)
let _self = this;
return new Promise((resolve, reject) =>
policy().then(response =>
_self.dataObj.policy = response.data.policy;
_self.dataObj.signature = response.data.signature;
_self.dataObj.ossaccessKeyId = response.data.accessid;
_self.dataObj.key = response.data.dir + getUUID()+_$filename;
_self.dataObj.dir = response.data.dir;
_self.dataObj.host = response.data.host;
resolve(true)
).catch(err =>
reject(false)
)
)
,
handleUploadSuccess(res, file)
console.log("上传成功...")
this.showFileList = true;
this.fileList.pop();
this.fileList.push(name: file.name, url: this.dataObj.host + / + this.dataObj.key.replace("$filename",file.name) );
this.emitInput(this.fileList[0].url);
<
/script>
<
style>
<
/style>
- 获取签名的JS文件
import http from @/utils/httpRequest.js
export function policy ()
return new Promise((resolve) =>
http(
url: http.adornUrl(/thirdparty/v1/admin/oss/getPolicy),
method: get,
params: http.adornParams()
).then(( data ) =>
resolve(data)
)
)
- 使用单文件上传组件
使用上传图片组件
<
el-form-item label="类型logo路径" prop="logoUrl">
<
single-upload v-model="dataForm.logoUrl">
<
/single-upload>
<
/el-form-item>
<
script>
import SingleUpload from "@/components/upload/singleUpload" // 引入单文件上传组件
export default
components: SingleUpload <
/script>
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上传文件成功
下节预告
- 数据校验
文档在线地址:http://www.passjava.cn
【PassJava 开源(十三) ( Spring Cloud 整合 OSS 对象存储 #私藏项目实操分享#)】
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