Docker|Docker 安装 Mysql 详解
本文将以完整的安装 MySQL 为例将 镜像与 容器 操作完全串联起来
环境说明
系统为 CentOS 7.5 发行版，内核为 3.10 版本，Docker 为 1.13 版本
[root@localhost ~]# lsb_release -a
LSB Version::core-4.1-amd64:core-4.1-noarch
Distributor ID: CentOS
Description:CentOS Linux release 7.5.1804 (Core)
Release:7.5.1804
Codename:Core
[root@localhost ~]# uname -a
Linux localhost.localdomain 3.10.0-862.9.1.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Mon Jul 16 16:29:36 UTC 2018 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
[root@localhost ~]# docker version
Client:
Version:1.13.1
API version:1.26
Package version: docker-1.13.1-68.gitdded712.el7.centos.x86_64
Go version:go1.9.4
Git commit:dded712/1.13.1
Built:Tue Jul 17 18:34:48 2018
OS/Arch:linux/amd64
Server:
Version:1.13.1
API version:1.26 (minimum version 1.12)
Package version: docker-1.13.1-68.gitdded712.el7.centos.x86_64
Go version:go1.9.4
Git commit:dded712/1.13.1
Built:Tue Jul 17 18:34:48 2018
OS/Arch:linux/amd64
Experimental:false
[root@localhost ~]#
此时 docker 中还只要一个 docker.io/tomcat 镜像，需要重新下载 Mysql 镜像
[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORYTAGIMAGE IDCREATEDSIZE
docker.io/tomcat8.5.325808f01b11bf3 days ago463 MB
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER IDIMAGECOMMANDCREATEDSTATUSPORTSNAMES
0f6df57a7fa1tomcat:8.5.32"catalina.sh run"44 hours agoExited (143) 43 hours agomyTtomcat2
d67cca0aacf7tomcat:8.5.32"catalina.sh run"44 hours agoExited (143) 43 hours agomyTtomcat1
[root@localhost ~]#
Mysql 镜像检索 就下载第一个 docker.io/mysql 官方发行版
[root@localhost ~]# docker search mysql
INDEXNAMEDESCRIPTIONSTARSOFFICIALAUTOMATED
docker.iodocker.io/mysqlMySQL is a widely used, open-source relati...6749[OK]
docker.iodocker.io/mariadbMariaDB is a community-developed fork of M...2150[OK]
docker.iodocker.io/mysql/mysql-serverOptimized MySQL Server Docker images. Crea...495[OK]
docker.iodocker.io/perconaPercona Server is a fork of the MySQL rela...360[OK]
docker.iodocker.io/zabbix/zabbix-server-mysqlZabbix Server with MySQL database support114[OK]
docker.iodocker.io/hypriot/rpi-mysqlRPi-compatible Docker Image with Mysql93
docker.iodocker.io/zabbix/zabbix-web-nginx-mysqlZabbix frontend based on Nginx web-server ...62[OK]
docker.iodocker.io/centurylink/mysqlImage containing mysql. Optimized to be li...60[OK]
docker.iodocker.io/1and1internet/ubuntu-16-nginx-php-phpmyadmin-mysql-5ubuntu-16-nginx-php-phpmyadmin-mysql-543[OK]
docker.iodocker.io/centos/mysql-57-centos7MySQL 5.7 SQL database server38
docker.iodocker.io/mysql/mysql-clusterExperimental MySQL Cluster Docker images. ...33
docker.iodocker.io/tutum/mysqlBase docker image to run a MySQL database ...32
docker.iodocker.io/schickling/mysql-backup-s3Backup MySQL to S3 (supports periodic back...20[OK]
docker.iodocker.io/bitnami/mysqlBitnami MySQL Docker Image16[OK]
docker.iodocker.io/zabbix/zabbix-proxy-mysqlZabbix proxy with MySQL database support15[OK]
docker.iodocker.io/linuxserver/mysqlA Mysql container, brought to you by Linux...14
docker.iodocker.io/centos/mysql-56-centos7MySQL 5.6 SQL database server9
docker.iodocker.io/circleci/mysqlMySQL is a widely used, open-source relati...6
docker.iodocker.io/openshift/mysql-55-centos7DEPRECATED: A Centos7 based MySQL v5.5 ima...6
docker.iodocker.io/dsteinkopf/backup-all-mysqlbackup all DBs in a mysql server4[OK]
docker.iodocker.io/mysql/mysql-routerMySQL Router provides transparent routing ...2
docker.iodocker.io/openzipkin/zipkin-mysqlMirror of https://quay.io/repository/openz...1
docker.iodocker.io/ansibleplaybookbundle/mysql-apbAn APB which deploys RHSCL MySQL0[OK]
docker.iodocker.io/cloudfoundry/cf-mysql-ciImage used in CI of cf-mysql-release0
docker.iodocker.io/cloudposse/mysqlImproved `mysql` service with support for ...0[OK]
[root@localhost ~]#
可以从 Docker Hub 上查看 所有 Mysql 的版本 ，同理也可以查询各个版本使用的详细命令
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image Mysql 镜像下载
[root@localhost ~]# docker pull mysql:5.5
Trying to pull repository docker.io/library/mysql ...
5.5: Pulling from docker.io/library/mysql
be8881be8156: Pull complete
c3995dabd1d7: Pull complete
9931fdda3586: Pull complete
bb1b6b6eff6a: Pull complete
a65f125fa718: Pull complete
b5332dacc087: Pull complete
77378af32110: Pull complete
c863c888ab89: Pull complete
970e89bcad84: Pull complete
199374dd7b11: Pull complete
daf925b4c8c8: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:973d09f802e90069f4090578bbfb5f1cc095d5c14bdd0bb2651d5e448751f907
Status: Downloaded newer image for docker.io/mysql:5.5
[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORYTAGIMAGE IDCREATEDSIZE
docker.io/tomcat8.5.325808f01b11bf3 days ago463 MB
docker.io/mysql5.5c43b4117afc42 weeks ago205 MB
[root@localhost ~]#
Mysql 容器运行 错误运行 如下所示演示的是 Mysql 镜像运行时没有指定 密码而导致异常退出启动失败的情况
通过 docker logs container-name/container-id 命令 查看日志已经提醒的很明显了，必须指定 root 密码、或者允许密码为空、或者使用随机密码
最后将此错误的容器删除掉：docker rm container-id
[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORYTAGIMAGE IDCREATEDSIZE
docker.io/tomcat8.5.325808f01b11bf3 days ago463 MB
docker.io/mysql5.5c43b4117afc42 weeks ago205 MB
[root@localhost ~]# docker run --name mysql01 -d mysql:5.5
fb1c96d110c715034c263185e40f066dc688e2284c02c250243e25c017cf872b
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER IDIMAGECOMMANDCREATEDSTATUSPORTSNAMES
fb1c96d110c7mysql:5.5"docker-entrypoint..."9 seconds agoExited (1) 6 seconds agomysql01
0f6df57a7fa1tomcat:8.5.32"catalina.sh run"44 hours agoExited (143) 43 hours agomyTtomcat2
d67cca0aacf7tomcat:8.5.32"catalina.sh run"44 hours agoExited (143) 43 hours agomyTtomcat1
[root@localhost ~]# docker logs fb1c96d110c7
error: database is uninitialized and password option is not specified
You need to specify one of MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD, MYSQL_ALLOW_EMPTY_PASSWORD and MYSQL_RANDOM_ROOT_PASSWORD
[root@localhost ~]# docker rm fb1c96d110c7
fb1c96d110c7
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER IDIMAGECOMMANDCREATEDSTATUSPORTSNAMES
0f6df57a7fa1tomcat:8.5.32"catalina.sh run"44 hours agoExited (143) 43 hours agomyTtomcat2
d67cca0aacf7tomcat:8.5.32"catalina.sh run"44 hours agoExited (143) 43 hours agomyTtomcat1
[root@localhost ~]#
正确运行 Docker Hub 上 Mysq 官方 提供的启动命令如下所示 ，需要使用 -e 参数指定 roor 账户密码进行启动
Start a mysql server instance
Starting a MySQL instance is simple:
$ docker run --name some-mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=my-secret-pw -d mysql:tag
... where some-mysql is the name you want to assign to your container, my-secret-pw is the password to be set for the MySQL root user and tag is the tag specifying the MySQL version you want. See the list above for relevant tags.
[root@localhost ~]# docker run --name mysql01 -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=root -d mysql:5.5
3a896a0867265c59d84d209a93d60f3d837b4667c649981eb3933e997a459c55
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER IDIMAGECOMMANDCREATEDSTATUSPORTSNAMES
3a896a086726mysql:5.5"docker-entrypoint..."3 seconds agoUp 2 seconds3306/tcpmysql01
0f6df57a7fa1tomcat:8.5.32"catalina.sh run"44 hours agoExited (143) 43 hours agomyTtomcat2
d67cca0aacf7tomcat:8.5.32"catalina.sh run"44 hours agoExited (143) 43 hours agomyTtomcat1
[root@localhost ~]#
如上所示，此时 mysql 容器运行是成功的，但是《 Docker 容器操作 常用命令》中已经说过，此时启动的 3306 端口是 Mysql 镜像在容器内部的端口，外部访问必须进行端口映射，再次删除此无效的容器。
[root@localhost ~]# docker stop 3a896a086726
3a896a086726
[root@localhost ~]# docker rm 3a896a086726
3a896a086726
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER IDIMAGECOMMANDCREATEDSTATUSPORTSNAMES
0f6df57a7fa1tomcat:8.5.32"catalina.sh run"44 hours agoExited (143) 43 hours agomyTtomcat2
d67cca0aacf7tomcat:8.5.32"catalina.sh run"44 hours agoExited (143) 43 hours agomyTtomcat1
[root@localhost ~]#
端口映射 端口映射加上 -p 参数即可，可以参考《 Docker 容器操作 常用命令》，因为 CentOS 服务器本身外部已经安装了 Mysql 已经占用了 3306 端口，所以使用 3307 映射 Docker 容器中的 3306 端口
[root@localhost ~]# docker run --name mysql01 -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=root -p 3307:3306 -d mysql:5.5
2aad1d2a8e76261715ac0f1d4ef03217ae54866db479d26b81364a39e2ec3801
[root@localhost ~]# netstat -ntlpu
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local AddressForeign AddressStatePID/Program name
tcp00 0.0.0.0:220.0.0.0:*LISTEN1041/sshd
tcp00 127.0.0.1:250.0.0.0:*LISTEN1188/master
tcp600 :::33060:::*LISTEN1308/mysqld
tcp600 :::3306:::*LISTEN1308/mysqld
tcp600 :::3307:::*LISTEN2892/docker-proxy-c
tcp600 :::22:::*LISTEN1041/sshd
tcp600 ::1:25:::*LISTEN1188/master
udp00 0.0.0.0:680.0.0.0:*857/dhclient
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER IDIMAGECOMMANDCREATEDSTATUSPORTSNAMES
2aad1d2a8e76mysql:5.5"docker-entrypoint..."14 seconds agoUp 14 seconds0.0.0.0:3307->3306/tcpmysql01
0f6df57a7fa1tomcat:8.5.32"catalina.sh run"44 hours agoExited (143) 44 hours agomyTtomcat2
d67cca0aacf7tomcat:8.5.32"catalina.sh run"44 hours agoExited (143) 43 hours agomyTtomcat1
[root@localhost ~]#
如上所示做了端口映射后，就可以从外部访问 Docker 容器内部的 Mysql 了，但是如果要从 CentOS 服务器外部访问，则还需要 CentOS 服务器开放 3307 端口
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --list-port
9876/tcp 8090/tcp 80/tcp 8080/tcp
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3307/tcp --permanent
success
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --reload
success
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --list-port
9876/tcp 8090/tcp 80/tcp 8080/tcp 3307/tcp
[root@localhost ~]#
连接测试 如下所示，从 Windows 上使用 Navicat 连接虚拟机 CentOS 中 Docker 中的 Mysql
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image
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image 高级命令 指定编码运行 【Docker|Docker 安装 Mysql 详解】例如，如果要更改所有表的默认编码和排序，使用UTF-8（UTF8Mb4），只需使用如下命令运行
更多命令，请参考官方文档：https://hub.docker.com/r/library/mysql/
docker run --name some-mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=my-secret-pw -d mysql:tag --character-set-server=utf8mb4 --collation-server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci
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