Java|Java 模拟真正的并发请求详情

java中模拟并发请求,自然是很方便的,只要多开几个线程,发起请求就好了。但是,这种请求,一般会存在启动的先后顺序了,算不得真正的同时并发!
怎么样才能做到真正的同时并发呢?
是本文想说的点,java中提供了闭锁 CountDownLatch, 刚好就用来做这种事就最合适了。
只需要:

  • 开启n个线程,加一个闭锁,开启所有线程;
  • 待所有线程都准备好后,按下开启按钮,就可以真正的发起并发请求了。
package com.test; import java.io.BufferedReader; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStream; import java.io.InputStreamReader; import java.io.OutputStream; import java.net.HttpURLConnection; import java.net.MalformedURLException; import java.net.URL; import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch; public class LatchTest {public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {Runnable taskTemp = new Runnable() {// 注意,此处是非线程安全的,留坑private int iCounter; @Overridepublic void run() {for(int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {// 发起请求//HttpClientOp.doGet("https://www.baidu.com/"); iCounter++; System.out.println(System.nanoTime() + " [" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "] iCounter = " + iCounter); try {Thread.sleep(100); } catch (InterruptedException e) {e.printStackTrace(); }}}}; LatchTest latchTest = new LatchTest(); latchTest.startTaskAllInOnce(5, taskTemp); }public long startTaskAllInOnce(int threadNums, final Runnable task) throws InterruptedException {final CountDownLatch startGate = new CountDownLatch(1); final CountDownLatch endGate = new CountDownLatch(threadNums); for(int i = 0; i < threadNums; i++) {Thread t = new Thread() {public void run() {try {// 使线程在此等待,当开始门打开时,一起涌入门中startGate.await(); try {task.run(); } finally {// 将结束门减1,减到0时,就可以开启结束门了endGate.countDown(); }} catch (InterruptedException ie) {ie.printStackTrace(); }}}; t.start(); }long startTime = System.nanoTime(); System.out.println(startTime + " [" + Thread.currentThread() + "] All thread is ready, concurrent going..."); // 因开启门只需一个开关,所以立马就开启开始门startGate.countDown(); // 等等结束门开启endGate.await(); long endTime = System.nanoTime(); System.out.println(endTime + " [" + Thread.currentThread() + "] All thread is completed."); return endTime - startTime; }}

其执行效果如下图所示:
Java|Java 模拟真正的并发请求详情
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httpClientOp 工具类,可以使用 成熟的工具包,也可以自己写一个简要的访问方法,参考如下:
class HttpClientOp {public static String doGet(String httpurl) {HttpURLConnection connection = null; InputStream is = null; BufferedReader br = null; String result = null; // 返回结果字符串try {// 创建远程url连接对象URL url = new URL(httpurl); // 通过远程url连接对象打开一个连接,强转成httpURLConnection类connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection(); // 设置连接方式:getconnection.setRequestMethod("GET"); // 设置连接主机服务器的超时时间:15000毫秒connection.setConnectTimeout(15000); // 设置读取远程返回的数据时间:60000毫秒connection.setReadTimeout(60000); // 发送请求connection.connect(); // 通过connection连接,获取输入流if (connection.getResponseCode() == 200) {is = connection.getInputStream(); // 封装输入流is,并指定字符集br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is, "UTF-8")); // 存放数据StringBuffer sbf = new StringBuffer(); String temp = null; while ((temp = br.readLine()) != null) {sbf.append(temp); sbf.append("\r\n"); }result = sbf.toString(); }} catch (MalformedURLException e) {e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace(); } finally {// 关闭资源if (null != br) {try {br.close(); } catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace(); }}if (null != is) {try {is.close(); } catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace(); }}connection.disconnect(); // 关闭远程连接}return result; }public static String doPost(String httpUrl, String param) {HttpURLConnection connection = null; InputStream is = null; OutputStream os = null; BufferedReader br = null; String result = null; try {URL url = new URL(httpUrl); // 通过远程url连接对象打开连接connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection(); // 设置连接请求方式connection.setRequestMethod("POST"); // 设置连接主机服务器超时时间:15000毫秒connection.setConnectTimeout(15000); // 设置读取主机服务器返回数据超时时间:60000毫秒connection.setReadTimeout(60000); // 默认值为:false,当向远程服务器传送数据/写数据时,需要设置为trueconnection.setDoOutput(true); // 默认值为:true,当前向远程服务读取数据时,设置为true,该参数可有可无connection.setDoInput(true); // 设置传入参数的格式:请求参数应该是 name1=value1&name2=value2 的形式。connection.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"); // 设置鉴权信息:Authorization: Bearer da3efcbf-0845-4fe3-8aba-ee040be542c0connection.setRequestProperty("Authorization", "Bearer da3efcbf-0845-4fe3-8aba-ee040be542c0"); // 通过连接对象获取一个输出流os = connection.getOutputStream(); // 通过输出流对象将参数写出去/传输出去,它是通过字节数组写出的os.write(param.getBytes()); // 通过连接对象获取一个输入流,向远程读取if (connection.getResponseCode() == 200) {is = connection.getInputStream(); // 对输入流对象进行包装:charset根据工作项目组的要求来设置br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is, "UTF-8")); StringBuffer sbf = new StringBuffer(); String temp = null; // 循环遍历一行一行读取数据while ((temp = br.readLine()) != null) {sbf.append(temp); sbf.append("\r\n"); }result = sbf.toString(); }} catch (MalformedURLException e) {e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace(); } finally {// 关闭资源if (null != br) {try {br.close(); } catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace(); }}if (null != os) {try {os.close(); } catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace(); }}if (null != is) {try {is.close(); } catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace(); }}// 断开与远程地址url的连接connection.disconnect(); }return result; }}

如上,就可以发起真正的并发请求了。
并发请求操作流程示意图如下:
Java|Java 模拟真正的并发请求详情
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此处设置了一道门,以保证所有线程可以同时生效。但是,此处的同时启动,也只是语言层面的东西,也并非绝对的同时并发。具体的调用还要依赖于CPU个数,线程数及操作系统的线程调度功能等,不过咱们也无需纠结于这些了,重点在于理解原理!
CountDownLatch 有类似功能的,还有个工具栅栏 CyclicBarrier, 也是提供一个等待所有线程到达某一点后,再一起开始某个动作,效果一致,不过栅栏的目的确实比较纯粹,就是等待所有线程到达,而前面说的闭锁 CountDownLatch 虽然实现的也是所有线程到达后再开始,但是他的触发点其实是 最后那一个开关,所以侧重点是不一样的。
简单看一下栅栏是如何实现真正同时并发呢?示例如下:
// 与 闭锁 结构一致public class LatchTest {public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {Runnable taskTemp = new Runnable() {private int iCounter; @Overridepublic void run() {// 发起请求//HttpClientOp.doGet("https://www.baidu.com/"); iCounter++; System.out.println(System.nanoTime() + " [" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "] iCounter = " + iCounter); }}; LatchTest latchTest = new LatchTest(); //latchTest.startTaskAllInOnce(5, taskTemp); latchTest.startNThreadsByBarrier(5, taskTemp); }public void startNThreadsByBarrier(int threadNums, Runnable finishTask) throws InterruptedException {// 设置栅栏解除时的动作,比如初始化某些值CyclicBarrier barrier = new CyclicBarrier(threadNums, finishTask); // 启动 n 个线程,与栅栏阀值一致,即当线程准备数达到要求时,栅栏刚好开启,从而达到统一控制效果for (int i = 0; i < threadNums; i++) {Thread.sleep(100); new Thread(new CounterTask(barrier)).start(); }System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " out over..."); }}class CounterTask implements Runnable {// 传入栅栏,一般考虑更优雅方式private CyclicBarrier barrier; public CounterTask(final CyclicBarrier barrier) {this.barrier = barrier; }public void run() {System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " - " + System.currentTimeMillis() + " is ready..."); try {// 设置栅栏,使在此等待,到达位置的线程达到要求即可开启大门barrier.await(); } catch (InterruptedException e) {e.printStackTrace(); } catch (BrokenBarrierException e) {e.printStackTrace(); }System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " - " + System.currentTimeMillis() + " started..."); }}

其运行结果如下图:
Java|Java 模拟真正的并发请求详情
文章图片

各有其应用场景吧,关键在于需求。就本文示例的需求来说,个人更愿意用闭锁一点,因为更可控了。但是代码却是多了,所以看你喜欢吧!
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