include
include
include
include
using namespace cv;
using namespace std;
// 输入参数
struct Inputparama {
int thresh = 30;
// 背景识别阈值，该值越小，则识别非背景区面积越大，需有合适范围，目前为5-60
int transparency = 255;
// 背景替换色透明度，255为实，0为透明
int size = 7;
// 非背景区边缘虚化参数，该值越大，则边缘虚化程度越明显
cv::Point p = cv::Point(0, 0);
// 背景色采样点，可通过人机交互获取，也可用默认(0,0)点颜色作为背景色
cv::Scalar color = cv::Scalar(255, 255, 255);
// 背景色
};
cv::Mat BackgroundSeparation(cv::Mat src, Inputparama input);
void Clear_MicroConnected_Areas(cv::Mat src, cv::Mat &dst, double min_area);
// 计算差值均方根
int geiDiff(uchar b,uchar g,uchar r,uchar tb,uchar tg,uchar tr)
{
returnint(sqrt(((b - tb)*(b - tb) + (g - tg)*(g - tg) + (r - tr)*(r - tr))/3));
}
int main()
{
cv::Mat src = https://www.it610.com/article/imread("111.jpg");
Inputparama input;
input.thresh = 100;
input.transparency = 255;
input.size = 6;
input.color = cv::Scalar(0, 0, 255);
clock_t s, e;
s = clock();
cv::Mat result = BackgroundSeparation(src, input);
e = clock();
double dif = e - s;
cout << "time:" << dif << endl;
imshow("original", src);
imshow("result", result);
imwrite("result1.png", result);
waitKey(0);
return 0;
【OpenCV-实现背景分离（可用于更改证件照底色）】}
// 背景分离
cv::Mat BackgroundSeparation(cv::Mat src, Inputparama input)
{
cv::Mat bgra, mask;
// 转化为BGRA格式，带透明度，4通道
cvtColor(src, bgra, COLOR_BGR2BGRA);
mask = cv::Mat::zeros(bgra.size(), CV_8UC1);
int row = src.rows;
int col = src.cols;
// 异常数值修正
input.p.x = max(0, min(col, input.p.x));
input.p.y = max(0, min(row, input.p.y));
input.thresh = max(5, min(200, input.thresh));
input.transparency = max(0, min(255, input.transparency));
input.size = max(0, min(30, input.size));
// 确定背景色
uchar ref_b = src.at(input.p.y, input.p.x)[0];
uchar ref_g = src.at(input.p.y, input.p.x)[1];
uchar ref_r = src.at(input.p.y, input.p.x)[2];
// 计算蒙版区域（掩膜）
for (int i = 0;
i < row;
++i)
{
uchar *m = mask.ptr(i);
uchar *b = src.ptr(i);
for (int j = 0;
j < col;
++j)
{
if ((geiDiff(b[3*j],b[3*j+1],b[3*j+2],ref_b,ref_g,ref_r)) >input.thresh)
{
m[j] = 255;
}
}
}
cv::Mat tmask = cv::Mat::zeros(row + 50, col + 50, CV_8UC1);
mask.copyTo(tmask(cv::Range(25, 25 + mask.rows), cv::Range(25, 25 + mask.cols)));
// 寻找轮廓，作用是填充轮廓内黑洞
vector contour;
vector hierarchy;
// RETR_TREE以网状结构提取所有轮廓，CHAIN_APPROX_NONE获取轮廓的每个像素
findContours(tmask, contour, hierarchy, RETR_EXTERNAL, CHAIN_APPROX_NONE);
drawContours(tmask, contour, -1, Scalar(255), FILLED,16);
// 黑帽运算获取同背景色类似的区域，[商品期货](https://www.gendan5.com/futures/cf.html)识别后填充
cv::Mat hat;
cv::Mat element = getStructuringElement(MORPH_ELLIPSE, Size(31, 31));
cv::morphologyEx(tmask, hat, MORPH_BLACKHAT, element);
hat.setTo(255, hat > 0);
cv::Mat hatd;
Clear_MicroConnected_Areas(hat, hatd, 450);
tmask = tmask + hatd;
mask = tmask(cv::Range(25, 25 + mask.rows), cv::Range(25, 25 + mask.cols)).clone();
// 掩膜滤波，是为了边缘虚化
cv::blur(mask, mask, Size(2 * input.size+1, 2 * input.size + 1));
// 改色
for (int i = 0;
i < row;
++i)
{
uchar *r = bgra.ptr(i);
uchar *m = mask.ptr(i);
for (int j = 0;
j < col;
++j)
{
// 蒙版为0的区域就是标准背景区
if (m[j] == 0)
{
r[4 * j] = uchar(input.color[0]);
r[4 * j + 1] = uchar(input.color[1]);
r[4 * j + 2] = uchar(input.color[2]);
r[4 * j + 3] = uchar(input.transparency);
}
// 不为0且不为255的区域是轮廓区域（边缘区），需要虚化处理
else if (m[j] != 255)
{
// 边缘处按比例上色
int newb = (r[4 * j] * m[j] * 0.3 + input.color[0] * (255 - m[j])*0.7) / ((255 - m[j])*0.7+ m[j] * 0.3);
int newg = (r[4 * j+1] * m[j] * 0.3 + input.color[1] * (255 - m[j])*0.7) / ((255 - m[j])*0.7 + m[j] * 0.3);
int newr = (r[4 * j + 2] * m[j] * 0.3 + input.color[2] * (255 - m[j])*0.7) / ((255 - m[j])*0.7 + m[j] * 0.3);
int newt = (r[4 * j + 3] * m[j] * 0.3 + input.transparency * (255 - m[j])*0.7) / ((255 - m[j])*0.7 + m[j] * 0.3);
newb = max(0, min(255, newb));
newg = max(0, min(255, newg));
newr = max(0, min(255, newr));
newt = max(0, min(255, newt));
r[4 * j] = newb;
r[4 * j + 1] = newg;
r[4 * j + 2] = newr;
r[4 * j + 3] = newt;
}
}
}
return bgra;
}
void Clear_MicroConnected_Areas(cv::Mat src, cv::Mat &dst, double min_area)
{
// 备份复制
dst = src.clone();
std::vector > contours;
// 创建轮廓容器
std::vectorhierarchy;
// 寻找轮廓的函数
// 第四个参数CV_RETR_EXTERNAL，表示寻找最外围轮廓
// 第五个参数CV_CHAIN_APPROX_NONE，表示保存物体边界上所有连续的轮廓点到contours向量内
cv::findContours(src, contours, hierarchy, cv::RETR_EXTERNAL, cv::CHAIN_APPROX_NONE, cv::Point());
if (!contours.empty() && !hierarchy.empty())
{
std::vector >::const_iterator itc = contours.begin();
// 遍历所有轮廓
while (itc != contours.end())
{
// 定位当前轮廓所在位置
cv::Rect rect = cv::boundingRect(cv::Mat(*itc));
// contourArea函数计算连通区面积
double area = contourArea(*itc);
// 若面积小于设置的阈值
if (area < min_area)
{
// 遍历轮廓所在位置所有像素点
for (int i = rect.y;
i < rect.y + rect.height;
i++)
{
uchar *output_data = https://www.it610.com/article/dst.ptr(i);
for (int j = rect.x;
j < rect.x + rect.width;
j++)
{
// 将连通区的值置0
if (output_data[j] == 255)
{
output_data[j] = 0;
}
}
}
}
itc++;
}
}
}
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