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威廉华玆华斯主要作品_威廉华兹华斯提倡的作品风格原话( 二 )

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华兹华斯（William Wordsworth,1770-1850），英国诗人，华兹华斯生于律师之家，1783年他的父亲去世，他和弟兄们由舅父照管，妹妹多萝西（Dorothy）则由外祖父母抚养 。多萝西与他最为亲近，终身未嫁，一直与他作伴 。华兹华斯的诗歌（1）抒情诗：《抒情歌谣集》、《丁登寺旁》 （2）长诗：《序曲》 代表作品.I Wandered Lonely as a CloudI wandered lonely as a cloudThat floats on high o'er vales and hills,When all at once I saw a crowd,A host, of golden daffodils;Beside the lake, beneath the trees,Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.Continuous as the stars that shineAnd twinkle on the milky way,They streched in never-ending lineAlong the margin of a bay:Ten thousand saw I at a glance,Tossing their heads in sprightly dance.The waves beside them danced; but theyOutdid the sparkling waves in glee;A poet could not but be gay,In such a jocund company;I gazed----and gazed---- but little thoughtWhat wealth the show to me had brought:For oft, when on my couch I lieIn vacant or in pensive mood,They flash upon that inward eyeWhich is the bliss of solitude;And then my heart with pleasure fills,And dances with the daffodils.2.Composed upon Westminster Bridge,September 3,1802Earth has not anything to show more fair:Dull would he be of soul who could pass byA sight so touching in its majesty;This City now doth, like a garment, wearThe beauty of the morning ; silent, bare,Ships, towers, domes, theatres, and temples lieOpen unto the fields, and to the sky;All bright and glittering in the*** okeless air.Never did sun more beautifully steepIn his first splendor, valley, rock, or hill;Ne'er saw I, never felt , a calm so deep!The river glideth at his own sweet will:Dear God! the very houses seem asleeep;And all that mighty heart is lying still!3.She Dwelt Among the Untrodden WaysShe dwelt among the untrodden waysBeside the springs of Dove,A Maid whom there were none to praiseAnd very few to love;A violet by a mossy stoneHalf hidden from the eye!----Fair as a star, when only oneIs shining in the sky.She lived unknown, and few could knowWhen Lucy ceased to be;But she is in her grave , and, oh,The difference to me!4.The Solitary ReaperBehold her, single in the field,Yon solitary Highland lass!Reaping and singing by herself;Stop here, or gently pass!Alone she cuts and binds the grain,And sings a melancholy strain;O listen! for the Vale profoundIs overflowing with the sound.No Nightingale did ever chauntMore welcome notes to weary bandsOf travelers in some shady haunt,Among Arabian sands;A voice so thrilling ne'er was heardIn springtime from the Cuckoo bird,Breaking the silence of the seasAmong the farthest Hebrides.Will no one tell me what she sings?----Perhaps the plaintive numbers flowFor old, unhappy, far-off things,And battles long ago;Or is it some more humble lay,Familiar matter of today?Some natural sorrow, loss, or pain,That has been, and may be again?Whate'er the theme, the Maiden sangAs if her song could have no ending;I saw her singing at her work,And o'er the sickle bending;----I listened, motionless and still;And, as I mounted up the hill,The music in my heart I bore,Long after it was heard no more.二：威廉华兹华斯湖畔派
在《序言》里，华兹华斯的诗论主要涉及这样几个问题：第一，是关于诗歌的题材问题 。
华兹华斯认为，“题材的确非常重要” 。在这方面，他要求突破古典主义的“规范”，把审美对象从宫廷转向民间，从城市转向山乡湖畔 。他主张“选择日常生活的事件和情节”，而在这种选择中他又“通常都选择微贱的田园生活作题材”，因为“在这种生活里，我们的各种基本情感共同存在于一种更为单纯的状态之下”，“人们的热情是与自然的美和永久的形式合而为一的” 。第二，是关于诗歌的语言问题 。华兹华斯主张，诗应该“自始至终竭力采用人们真正使用的语言来加以叙述或描写” 。这里所说的“人们”，是指农村的下层民众，或者是过着“微贱的田园生活”的人，因为他们的语言是从“最好的外界东西得来的”，是与美妙的大自然息息相通的 。第三，是关于诗的本质问题 。首先，什么是诗？华兹华斯认为，“诗是一切知识的精华，它是整个科学面部上的强烈表情” 。“诗是一切知识的起源和终结——它像人的心灵一样不朽” 。这里，华兹华斯把诗与知识即人的理性联系在一起，同时又与人的情感联系在一起，而且更强调后者 。所以，他为诗下的定义是：“诗是强烈情感的自然流露 。”其次，什么是诗的目的？对此，华兹华斯是从理性和 *** 两方面来论述的 。他认为“诗的目的在于真理……普遍的和有效的真理”；同时又认为，诗“必须直接给人以愉快”，要“带有一种愉快的热情”，把真理“传达给读者” 。换言之，诗以真与善为目的，但却是通过美来达到这一目的的 。最后，华兹华斯在《序言》中还对诗人的特殊才能作了解释 。他认为，诗人与一般人之所以不同，关键在于“没有外界直接的 *** 他也能比别人更敏捷地思考和感受，并且比别人更有能力把内心产生的思想和感情表现出来” 。也就是说，诗人比一般人更具想象力和语言表达能力 。这种对诗人想象力的强调，可以说是英国浪漫主义诗论的核心 。三：威廉华兹华斯提倡的作品风格原话威廉·华兹华斯出生于英格兰湖区科克茅斯镇 。1791至1792年间，还在剑桥念书的诗人游历大革命期间的法国，这段时间的田野笔记和人性观察后来被写入其半自传体长诗《序曲》 。1795年，华兹华斯与塞缪尔·柯尔律治相识，三年后两人同著的《抒情歌谣集》出版，在文学史的后见之明中被认为标志着英国浪漫主义时代的开启 。

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