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中石化英语职称考试真题 中石油英语职称考试真题( 二 )

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4. Researching the unique traits of a nationality can reveal a number of interesting features. David N. Keightly is a professor of history at the University of California Berkeley and he made a study of the unique attitudes of the Chinese people. He believed their acceptance of fate originates from a geographical standpoint. The birthplace of the Chinese civilization is the Central Plains where the climate has less variation than the Mediterranean or the Near East. China's two main rivers, the Yellow River and the Yangtze River, both run from West to East, and don't change much in latitude. This means the cultivation both upstream and downstream are very similar. This uniformity of the agrarian culture reduced the incentive for mutual trade and the need for people to travel very far. Hence, the exchange of thoughts, ideas and technology became restricted and the ancient Chinese culture tended to isolate itself within their regions of influence.
4、研究一个民族的某种特性是件有趣的事情(Researching the unique traits of a nationality现在分词短语做主语;unique adj. 独特的;独一无二的;trait n. 特性;品质;feature n. 特色 ， 特征 ， 特点;直译为：研究一个民族的特质可以揭示许多有趣的事情) 。美国加州大学伯克利分校的历史学教授大卫?凯特利(简称DNK)研究分析了(made a study of)中国人乐天知命的独一无二的人生观(the unique attitudes) 。他认为这种特性(宿命 ， 即接受或满足于命运的安排)源于中国特有的地理环境(originate from 起源于; geographical adj. 地理的; standpoint n.立场;观点) 。与地中海和近东地区相比 ， 中国文明的发祥地中原地区的气候类型更加有规律可寻(where引导的定语从句修饰the Central Plains; birthplace n. 出生地;variation n. 变化;直译为：中国文明的发源地是在中原地区 ， 这里的气候与地中海和近东地区相比 ， 更加缺少变化) 。中国的两大主要河流——黄河和长江——都是自西向东流 ， 而且它们的纬度(latitude)变化也不大 ， 这意味着河流上游和下游(both upstream and downstream)所种植的农作物类型差别不大(cultivation n. 耕种;培养;similar adj. 相似的) 。因此就缺乏了相互贸易的动力(the incentive for mutual trade) ， 中国的古代文明自然就成为农耕文明(uniformity n. 均匀性;一致;incentive n. 动机; *** ;mutual adj. 共同的;相互的;the need for…的必要;直译为：上下游“耕地文明”的一致性减少了相互贸易的动力及人们向更远处旅行的必要) 。而那些很少旅行的人们就没有可能去交流思想和技术 ， 封闭由此产生(restricted adj. 受限制的;isolate vt. 使隔离;使孤立;直译为：因此交流思想和技术受到限制 ， 中国古文化趋于在自身势力范围内自我封闭) 。
5. According to Professor Keightly's theory, the climate of ancient China was very good. This would create a sense of optimi ***in the Chinese culture. In comparison, the people of the Mediterranean and the Near East had to face more natural disasters and were less optimistic. Besides the geographical factor which influences the development of cultures, Keightley believes the Chinese practice of ancestor worship has significantly influenced the makeup of the Chinese people. Keightley says, "I believe, the cultures that engage in ancestor worship are going to be conservative cultures. They're not going to find new things attractive because, that will be a challenge to the ancestors. There's no room in this culture for a skeptic."
5、凯特利教授相信中国古代的气候良好(according to 根据;直译为：根据凯特利教授的理论 ， 中国古代的气候良好) ， 因此生成了中国文化中的那种乐观主义(a sense of optimi *** ) 。相比较之下(in comparison) ， 无论是地中海还是近东 ， 都面临着更多的自然灾害(more natural disasters; disaster n.灾难;不幸; have to do sth. 不得不做某事) ， 因而少了些乐观 。除了地理环境对文化发展的影响(直译为：除了影响文化发展的地理因素外) ， 凯特利教授认为中国人对祖先的崇拜(the Chinese practice of ancestor worship;practice of ….有…的习惯;practice n. 惯例 ， 没想到还有这个意思 ， 所以要特别注意;ancestor worship 祖先崇拜)也极深地(significantly)影响了中国人的特性(makeup n. 天性) 。凯特利教授相信：“这种祖先崇拜(that engage in ancestor worship定语从句修饰the cultures;engage in 从事于;参加;忙于)的文化 ， 是一种保守的(conservative adj.)文化(be going to do sth.) 。你不会去发现新的有吸引力的东西(new things attractive) ， 因为那是对祖先的挑战(challenge) 。中国文化中没有怀疑的余地(skeptic n. 怀疑者) 。”

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