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癌症|柳叶刀-肿瘤学｜护理人员应参与决策过程，以实现癌症控制( 二 )


WHO和国际护士理事会将2020年定为国际护士和助产士年，在此时肯定护士照护癌症患者的努力正是恰当的时机 。虽然在高收入国家，癌症筛查（如宫颈癌）、癌症预防（如成年人的烟草认识）以及整体癌症生存都取得了巨大进步，但这些方面的进步并没有惠及占据世界80%人口的中低收入国家，这些国家的医疗基础设施可能较为脆弱且难以获得[15] 。可持续发展目标（SDG）3.4——“到2030年，通过预防、治疗和促进身心健康，将非传染性疾病造成的过早死亡减少1/3”——适用于癌症；而可持续发展目标3.8强调了全民健康覆盖[16]，这一点对于癌症控制十分重要 。不幸的是，仅靠全民健康覆盖不能确保最佳癌症结局 。要获得良好的癌症结局，关键在于专业护理人员得到的充分培训、有职业安全措施、专业认可、宣传和主导的机会以及在决策中发挥作用 。
本专辑文章综述了肿瘤科护理队伍面对的挑战，包括护理人员短缺、专业培训稀少、职业安全问题（包括COVID-19的影响）以及职业倦怠，并且针对这些挑战讨论了可能的解决方案 。留住有经验的肿瘤科护士是重要之举，文章讨论了留住这些护士的关键因素（如职业发展机会，参与宣传、领导和决策；详见原文图表） 。肿瘤科护理人员的实力决定了癌症护理质量及各种情况下的患者结局 。正如《世界护理状况报告》所指出的，全面了解全球肿瘤科护理队伍的动态，对于优化癌症连续性护理的结果、实现护理对于全民健康覆盖和可持续性发展目标的贡献是必不可少的[14] 。END
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