乙肝|世界肝炎日|乙肝遇上脂肪肝:相互如何影响?( 五 )


6. 总结
我国的HBV感染仍处于较高流行阶段[1] , 随着社会快速发展带来的营养过剩和不良生活习惯的增加 , 慢性HBV感染者中合并NAFLD的患病率呈现逐年升高的态势[2] 。慢性HBV感染合并NAFLD , 及其与之相关的肝纤维化、肝硬化及肝癌是目前及之后相当长时间影响我国公共卫生的主要问题 。因此 , 探究合并NALFD的CHB患者中HBV复制与脂代谢异常及脂肪肝发生的相互影响 , 具有重要的理论和现实意义 。
HBV的生活周期涉及多个步骤 , 其中通过MVB途径获取包膜是感染性病毒颗粒的重要释放途径 。从HBV与脂代谢的相互作用机制上看 , HBx能够在细胞模型及小鼠模型促进胞内脂质的从头合成及体外摄取 , 进而增加脂质的胞内堆积[24];反过来 , 脂代谢的重要调节通路如PPAR、LXR、FXR能够在转录水平调节胞内HBV的复制[31-32] 。
不同于体外及动物实验中观察到的, HBV具有促进脂质合成及摄入的能力 , 但多数临床研究及系统综述显示 , HBV感染者NAFLD发生率较低 。上述矛盾现象可能与临床研究中纳入的HBV感染者或CHB患者的病毒载量及免疫状态有所不同有关 。未来需要更好的实验模型 , 以便对临床发现的HBV感染者NAFLD发病率较低、但一旦发生严重脂肪变及NASH后的慢性HBV感染者疾病进程严重化等现象进行解释 , 并为更优治疗方式的选择提供思路 。同时 , 进一步明确脂代谢调节通路对HBV的影响 , 也将有助于HBV的药物研发与抗病毒治疗方式的选择 。
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